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Pope Gregory the Great would not have cared much for the cinema: “What books are for the reader, pictures are for those who cannot read,” he said at the end of the 6th century. In order to read words, you had to be clever or grown-up or educated, whereas anyone could understand pictures, so they were fit for lesser people such as slaves or children or the poor.
That attitude lasted a very long time. It’s still common among people who think, for example, that media studies is not a fit subject for academic study but a joke. And for much of my lifetime it has been a comfortable assumption that of course a book will be better than the film that’s made of it – better in the sense of being worthier, more respectable, somehow less common. That is unless the book is trash in the first place, in which case a clever director might make something interesting out of it.
Either way, the author of the original is expected to regard the Hollywoodisation of their novel with resignation, despair or outrage. The only alternative seems to be indifference. James M Cain, author of the novel that was turned into the Billy Wilder film Double Indemnity, said: “People ask me, ‘Don’t you care what they’ve done to your book?’ I tell them, ‘They haven’t done anything to my book. It’s right there on the shelf. They paid me and that’s the end of it’.”
So I find myself in what seems to be a rare position: now that the film of my novel Northern Lights is about to be released as The Golden Compass, I can say with perfect truth that I like it. The studio, New Line Cinema, has done a fine job. It looks spectacular, the performances by an outstanding cast are excellent, the special effects are beautifully integrated and the story is told swiftly and clearly.
There were fans of the book – many of them – who let me know they expected me to watch over the process with a beady eye and pounce at once to correct any errors, omissions or general backsliding on the part of the film makers. But I wasn’t interested in doing that. In the first place, I judged that the people in charge of making the film were men and women of integrity and intelligence and I was happy to let them get on with it without my interference. In the second place I had plenty of other things to do. And in the third place it’s neither productive nor interesting to nag, fret and fuss over something that you haven’t got very much influence over anyway.
Besides, I thought the story was robust enough to survive its transfer from book to screen. It ought to be robust: it has been told many times already, starting with chapter three of the Book of Genesis and continuing with Paradise Lost. And although my version of it started as a novel, and it was as good a novel as I could make it, I’ve never regarded it as being so precious and exquisite that it would shatter at a touch.
My attitude towards any proposal to adapt it to a different form was not to cradle it tenderly and wince at every little cut, but to say: yes, why not? Let’s see how it looks on the stage/sounds on the radio/turns out on the screen. And while you’re at it you could cut this bit, which never really worked, or combine those characters because they have much the same function, or save a lot of time by joining this bit to that bit.
I enjoyed watching Nicholas Wright, the playwright, and Nicholas Hytner, the director, taking it apart and putting it together again for the stage of the National Theatre, and I enjoyed the deconstruction and reassembly necessary to make it into a film.
One example of such carpentry is the ending. When it became known that the film ends three chapters or so before the book does, the director Chris Weitz found himself under attack from some fans who declared (without having seen it) that he’d ruined the whole thing and they weren’t going to watch it. My attitude was: what a good idea to end the film like that. It’s quite the best place to stop. The book is fine as it is, but the opening of the second film would be a much better place for the complex, ambiguous drama of the last chapter; and it was much more likely that the second film would be made if the first one ended on a clear, strong and immediately understandable note.
So the film makers earned my trust by being good at what they were doing. They also earned it by not being deflected by the so-called “controversy” nonsense. A small American group called the Catholic League, which seems to be an organisation mainly devoted to the self-promotion of its president, has tried to whip up a boycott of the film on the grounds that whereas the film itself may be unobjectionable it will lead children to read my books, which (as the work of an atheist) are naturally too dangerous to be put anywhere near the young.
It has taken the league only 11 years to discover this; The Golden Compass (the US title of Northern Lights) has been on the shelves of many a Catholic school in the United States since it was first published in 1996.
The league’s activities are having the usual effect, which is that far more people are now going to see the film and read the book than would otherwise have done. But what has impressed me about the reaction of New Line has been its clear commitment to the democratic value of openness and free expression.
It knows full well (it bought the rights and read the books) that the tendency of the story is towards celebrating those very qualities, and other values such as humane-ness, kindness, intellectual curiosity and a sense of the wonder and the beauty of the physical universe, and it is not afraid to tell a story that criticises religious intolerance and hypocrisy.
So I find myself in the happy position of being content with the treatment of my story on the screen and with the craftsmanship and integrity of the film makers. The movie isn’t perfect, but then neither is the book: if you want perfection, go and read a haiku. This satisfaction of mine may be rare. I still disagree with Pope Gregory on the subject of words and pictures because (quite apart from the point about who they’re for) I don’t think they work in the same way in any case; but that’s another argument for another day.
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Well, despite what Philip Pullmann says, I really think that the movie does a disservice to the book by hiding some of the main features of the plot:
first, nowhere is it explained that, in the alternate history in which Lyra and Lord Askel live, history diverged only when Martin Lüther got elected Pope (which is quite unbelievable: the only fact that people have daemons would have been a divergence large enough since prehistory; as Mr Pullman says, the book has, at least, one very large defect; nevertheless this point is very important and should have been emphasized);
second, the children playing Gobblers at the beginning of the film means that a very important part of the plot, the gradual appearance and development of the "Excision" affair, disappears;
etc. Other traits of the story have been hidden or edulcorated, and most of them appear too quickly and too shortly to be more than a "image d'Ãpinal", which is why I left the movie theater very disappointed.
Georges, Paris, France
LOL, wow I can't help but laugh. Not at the prostylizing morons in this thread, but at the sheer irony of the situation now underway.
So theres this movie right?
And it goes find your own strength from within, always ask questions, and makes *all* dogmatic systems like the catholic church look like crap for constantly being a group of controlling fear mongering baiting (afterlife (not as though the word itself isn't already a contradiction in terms)) fascists.
So the best way in turn to counter the movie is to boycott it, and hand out propaganda pamphlets on the movie and talk about how godless it is in a droning fear mongering manner including why its dangerous to even bring your kids to it... lol, so this makes the movie not not correct about everything it has to say..
Remember kids its like your uncle George Orwell said "All orthodoxy is unconsciousness", and these nice predictable zealots are here with pamphlets to drive the point home.
John, houston, texas
Amazing Author...amazing books!! Pullman's series is fascinating and well-written. I am a 3rd yr student at The University of Toronto studying History, English and Theatre. Currently, we are examining this series in my Children's Literature class and some controversy has occurred on popular networking sites between students about the "Atheism issue" throughout the novels.
I consider myself a fairly religious person but I would like to say one thing:
I would encourage those of you who are condemning these books for having a storyline that contains this issue to be a little more objective. Take some history courses and you will discover how religion and religious figures do a damn good job of attacking themselves.
To mother of 4: The world and its history is surrounded by tales violence and sex. While it is your choice how you raise your kids, the truth they will eventually learn is inevitable!
P.S. My compliments to authors Pullman and J.K. Rowling on both their series'! :
Dee, Toronto, Canada
This controversy is silly. People want free religion/speech", but when someone has something to say that conflicts with their views, they demand that they be silenced?
Also, to all of the people demanding it be "banned" (I'm well aware that a boycott is not the same as banning) and such because it shouldn't be available to lead their children to reading this book... such as:
"Parents have a right to raise their children in their faith w/o these outside influences of atheism."
Sure they do. But why don't you just raise your children yourself instead of making it the responsibility of others? You could certainly monitor your children and talk to them about this movie. Parenting is not an easy thing, it's difficult, hard work.
In my opinion, it is exactly feelings and actions such as these which cause many people to despise religion in general, even though sadly they are not all the same. You should not force others to comply with your selfish demands.
I'm religious myself.
J V, Sioux Falls, SD
The premise of Northern Lights (The Golden Compass) is too dark tonally to work as a seasonal blockbuster. The promotional clips look - as a friend described them - like a Christmas Coke promotion and I'm inclined to agree.
The producers have, unsurprisingly, opted for His Light Materials but Pullman's take on the adaptation business seems wholly sensible.
Colin, Holmfirth, West Yorkshire
I read all of PP's books and found them fascinating, full of wonderful ideas, but ultimately rather depressing. The most arresting images are ones of abused and abandoned children. There are few truly inspiring adult role models. Poor Lyra seeks to do the right thing, but ultimately in his world there is no right thing to do, other than confound and poke fun at scary grown-up religious people. PP's self-aggrandising comments about Pope Gregory are in the same vein. Yes, in the last book Lyra finds sex in an eco-utopia, but what will she do now that she has become a scary grownup? I expect the film to be rather better than the books, although as the producers saw fit to make it PG13 none of mine will be seeing it for some time.
Delilah, Maryland, USA
"The Catholic Church is not condemning Pullman for his atheism, but feels that he is promoting his ideas of the non-existance of God written about in his books."
Presumably because it feels that indoctrinating children is it's patch not Pullman's.
David Jones, Loughborough, UK
Those most eloquent and fluid in their language, who criticize faith in God of Abraham, and Christianity as a whole, in the end, satiate and calm those who are firm or semi-firm secular; and are also provocateurs at encouraging religious extremism...not a psychological sound way of trying to offset this problem.
There should always be checks and balances, however, the church/secularism rift has loudly been going on now for, how many hundreds of years, while science and technology has been allowed to flourish, with little control. With our natural human abilities for error, and failings, should those with this gift for self-expression, and ability to capture the senses of large populations, not be the ones to be focusing on what truly has the capability to cause suffering and demise, on the grandest scale? Where are those rich and colorful tales being told?
B, Montreal, Canada
If we want to talk about violent and sexual works being marketed to small children, where better to start than The Bible?
JMB, London,
In vain the surge's angry shock
in vain the shifting sands
unharmed upon the eternal Rock
the eternal city stands.
For this i am eternally grateful - nobody, no writer, no artist, no critic, no power, nothing in the universe could convince me that Christ Jesus did not live and die to return again. Nope! I delight in being hated, abused, insulted, mocked, jeered at and generally thought of as the biggest fool in the world. I do believe and still believe and no book or film can change that. Praise be to the Lord our God, who was and is and is to come and blessed be His holy name forever and ever, in Jesus' name, Amen.
Ify, Lagos, Nigeria
It's so typical that the Catholics get right on criticizing Pullman's use of the Pope Gregory quote. They evidently have waay too much free time.
I saw the sneak preview as well, here in Seattle. I was so distracted by the end that I couldn't appreciate it. There were several scenes from the trailer that weren't in the movie, including the end. I am ok with changing the story, but the trailer shouldn't lead people on.
Aryk, Seattle, WA
The quote by Pope Gregory th Great quite obviously demonstrates that he did care a much about pictures, and would have probably cared much about cinema, if had existed at his times. He praised the ability of pictures to communicate knowledge to those who couldn't read. Catholic churches are cluttered with pictures that have (or had) precisely that function.
Marco, Venice,
The Catholic Church has always preferred that the great mass of its followers remain illiterate. That great icon of English Catholicism Sir Thomas More did his best to prevent the translation of the Bible into English preferring that priests instruct people rather than they read the nonsense themselves. To this end he was not above using torture. Once the masses started to read and understand what was in the Bible we started to see the Churchâs power crumble.
Alan Lewis, Bangkok,
Phillip Pullman extolls "the democratic value of openess and free expression." I wonder whether he'll be exercising these values in the writing of another trilogy aimed at debunking the God of Islam, Allah? Or even the prophet Mohammed? I think not.
The Christian God is a much easier (and safer) target.
Teresa, Aylesbury, UK
Dear Andrew Thomas,
It is a very sad world that so many like you have fallen to the non-belief in God, whether it is Jesus Christ, Mohammed or any God. To accuse an entire religion of believing in the Christian faith based on "fiction" is insulting, intolerant and disrespectful all peoples. The Catholic Church is not condemning Pullman for his atheism, but feels that he is promoting his ideas of the non-existance of God written about in his books. By children attending the movie which supposedly has removed all anti-Christian reference, it will lure the kids to read about the books. Pullman does not hide his hate for the Catholic religion and he had stated that his books are about "killing God". In the USA this is prejudiceness and these books do not belong in any schools. These books are also violent and sexual but being marketed to 8-12 children. Parents have a right to raise their children in their faith w/o these outside influences of atheism.
Mother of 4- Pennsylvania,USA
Mother of 4, Pennsylvania, USA
So, Pullman is upset that others are bearing false witness against him and his movie? Why should that be?
If there is no God and there is no sin, as Pullman aserts before he kills God off in his novels, whatever in the world is wrong with bearing false witness?
Be careful, or you might reap what you sow.
A world without God would be ungodly.
Lee, Sterling, USA
As somebody who has meant to read the books for years now, I find myself wondering whether maybe I should postpone it a bit longer and see the movie without any preconceived notions...
Can we put the Pope Gregory thing to rest now? It was a point that probably deserved criticism and has duly received it, now how about focusing on what Mr. Pullman is actually trying to convey in the article?
Paul J., Reykjavik, Iceland
Well said Andrew! I look forward to seeing the movie, I read all three of the books a couple of years ago and thought them amazing. I've been waiting for the film with baited breath. And the web site is marvelous! Hope it becomes a huge super hit!
Mary, Brooklyn, USA / New York
The quote by Pope Gregory seems to be entirely taken out of context. It seems obvious Pope Gregory was praising the ability of pictures to convey a message to illerate folks in the 6th century. Unless there is more to the quote, I do not understand why the author construes Pope Gregory to be small minded. Further, the quote has almost nothing to do with the thrust of the article?
Brett, Cleveland/Ohio, USA
Gregory's point was hardly as Philip Pullman stated it. Rather, he recognized that most people were illiterate, and were unlikely to ever acquire an education - which was both expensive and difficult at the time he wrote. Even at Rome's height, literate people were perhaps 20% of the population. Thus, his message is one of inclusion of all people in the Christian message, by any available means. This is not the same idea at all as patronizing the illiterate. The reverse only seems true if one does not know the history of the period, the facts about literacy and education which give Gregory's words their real significance - and if one has an axe to grind. Mr Pullman should apologize for his misleading opening, and admit that his anti-religious bias is unedifying at best. I myself am not a Christian, but I respect Gregory's honesty, clarity and humanity. I wish that Philip Pullman would learn something from him, as well as something about history and its significance.
Nick, London, UK
I just saw a sneak preview of the movie and say "Bravo!"
I, having read the books, saw it with someone who had not, and we both enjoyed an excellent adventure with Lyra. So, while I feel I understood more having read the book, I believe it stands fine on its own.
And our reaction at the end was the same; we wanted to see what happened next. That's important to the opening film of a triology!
Visual arts are experienced differently than books. The thoughts about family, friends, soul, free will and becoming an adult that (in my opinion) are at the center of the adventure are easier for some people to experience and contemplate visually, for others verbally. It is delightful now to have "The Golden Compass" in either format.
Now ... when's "The Subtle Knife" coming?
R E Winn, Mercer island, WA
I can understand why the Catholic Church would feel threatened by a work of fiction: Its entire belief system is based on one.
Andrew Thomas, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire
I think the point Pope Gregory was trying to make was that we all need to understand certain things. For those who could read in his day then books were the method, for those who could not read then they needed pictures to understand what they were being told. The same is true of Roman pillars - there they depicted great battles and historic events. There are many examples in other cultures as well.
You cannot draw the conclusions that you have drawn about Pope Gregory's attitude to those who could not read from the fact that he wanted to make sure that even those who could not read could have something to help them understand the Christian message and events in the life of Christ.
Simon Whitney, Bracknell,