Anatole Kaletsky: Economic view
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Global stock markets have suffered their worst early-January trading since records began in the 1920s. Conventional wisdom is again overwhelmingly gloomy - about the global economy, the asset markets and even the sustainability of the global financial and trading systems. However, conditions are not nearly as bad as the headlines and market pundits suggest. In Britain, there seems to be almost no chance of economic and financial disasters comparable to those suffered from 1990 to 1992.
In the 17 years that I have been writing these Economic Views, I have devoted my first article in January to challenging, where appropriate, the conventional wisdom about the world economy in the year ahead. Here, then, are five ways in which I think conventional wisdom seems worth challenging in 2008:
1. I believe that the global credit crisis, far from taking a turn for the worse, is now almost over. Since the beginning of this year, credit spreads in the inter-bank market have returned to normal. This is the first sign of the financial system beginning to heal. In the next six weeks all the leading banks will report their year-end results and will announce further big write-offs to cope with the sub-prime crisis. There is a decent chance that investors will recognise these as the final big write-offs. The banks will then recapitalise and return to more or less normal operations.
If, however, this market-based resolution of the credit crisis does not occur and investors continue to question the integrity of bank balance sheets, the world’s monetary authorities will, I suspect, come out with a Plan B. At a minimum, there could be some new international agreement on new models for valuing illiquid assets such as the mortgage-backed securities now paralysing the banks.
At the maximum, the US and European governments will announce public backing for their national mortgage and banking systems – similar to the action already taken by Gordon Brown to guarantee the deposits in the entire British banking system. The credit crisis will have to be resolved by the end of February, if not by the markets, then by governments and central banks. The world economy simply cannot afford to wait much longer for normal service by the banking system to be resumed.
2. There will be no US recession. Until a few days ago, this would not have qualified as an unconventional prediction, since almost no serious economic forecasters anywhere in the world were predicting a recession. In the past week, however, Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have all publicly said that a US recession this year was very probable and may well have started already. I still believe it will be avoided because US interest rates are so low that businesses and consumers will go on spending – and, even more importantly, the Federal Reserve Board has now indicated a willingness to cut interest rates aggressively and keep cutting until the economy revives. Having said this, I must admit that a recession now looks much more likely than it did even a month ago. Whether a recession occurs or is narrowly avoided makes a big difference, because any market economy is similar to an aircraft that has to fly at a minimum speed to avoid crashing. History shows that the US economy’s “stall speed” is around 1.5 per cent in terms of GDP growth. If it slows any further, it is liable to crash and suffer a period of significantly negative growth. In the remaining predictions, therefore, I will give two variants, depending on whether the US crashes into recession or manages to stay aloft.
3. Stock markets around the world will rise in 2008. Valuations of many companies are now very attractive, even on the assumption of a severe slowdown in global growth and a year of falling profits. Moreover, investor sentiment is more bearish than at any time since 1990 – suggesting that a lot of very bad news has already been discounted in market prices. This means that if there is no recession, shares probably should stabilise at around present levels, but may not make much progress until the second half of the year. If, on the other hand, the United States does sink into recession, Wall Street will suffer a more severe bear market in the next few months, but prices will start to rebound sharply well before the recession ends. This recession rebound should start once US short-term interest rates fall well below long-term bond yields. This should happen by March, assuming that the Fed cuts interest rates from the present 4.5 per cent to around 3.5 per cent.
Either way, equity prices are likely to end 2008 at higher levels than they began. In Britain and Europe, interest rates are also likely to be reduced by at least 1.5 percentage points in the 12 months ahead.
But the rate cuts will happen later and more slowly. This is one reason why the outlook for the US economy and stock market is a lot better than it is for Britain and Europe.
4. The much-discussed “decoupling” between America and the rest of the world economy will happen in the case of Asia, but not Europe. Asia will continue to grow rapidly this year. However, Asian stock markets will not decouple if the US sinks into recession and Wall Street therefore suffers a full-blown bear market. In that case, Asian equities will suffer even bigger falls than US shares.
Europe and Britain, by contrast, will certainly be dragged down if the US sinks into recession and will do relatively poorly even if (as I expect) the US slowdown turns out to be less severe.
The main European economies, apart from Germany, have been powered by exactly the same combination of rising house prices and easy credit as the US economy. They are simply 12 to 18 months behind the US in the same credit cycle. Germany, meanwhile, is very dependent on the strength of consumer demand in the rest of Europe. The best that Europe and Britain can expect, therefore, is a performance in the economy and housing markets similar to America’s in 2007. If the US suffers a recession, the housing and consumer slumps in Europe and Britain will be that much more severe.
5. In the currency markets, sterling will continue to fall against every other leading currency, partly because Britain is so vulnerable to a serious setback in housing. By the second half of 2008, however, the euro will take over from the pound as the pariah of the global currency markets, since the eurozone will ultimately suffer more than Britain from the slowdown in the global economy because the European Central Bank will resist making the inevitable interest-rate cuts.
This intransigence by the ECB will cause serious economic and political disruptions in Europe – and could even raise questions about the euro’s survival as a reserve currency in the long term.
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Well I guess this will go down as one of the worst predictions of 2008!
So what's going to happen next Anatole? Can't wait to hear?!
Nick, Montreal, Canada
It's so easy to give an opinion after the event however, as usual you will be proved to have backed the wrong horse I think that any fool ( yourself excluded )can see that there is going to be extremely rough times ahead for all those who have a mortgage.
If as stated the economy grinds to a snails pace with very few jobs in the service or construction industry and with an influx of immigrants willing to work for the minimum wage pray tell how will all the British workers be able to make ends meet?
I think this Government with it's lackadaisical attitude to immigration will one day make this country the poor man of Europe.
william thomson, lincoln, Lincolnshire
I have to say that i love these entertaining articles. They are the demonstration of the lack f real economic knowledge and the belief that a spent US can recover. The CDO market for your info started 1998 as a 350 million dollar market in 2007 it was 3.9 trillion. At a conservative estimate the market ws over valued 75% so where is the other 3.6 trillion of loses? That is why the interbank market is stuffed unless there is permanent central bank intervention/. Interesting point the FOMC is run by acedemics and not market professionals BTW the first time since 1930 where they led the US into a depression. The ECB is the only central bank that has got it right and that is why the euro is strong. The debt is in the US so please tell me, why if the house is burning would any sensible person walk back into the house. The reality is if the US sneezes every one gets on with out them. If china sneezes the US dies of pneumonena! FACT AK so get real!
Richard Morrish, neuchatel, switzerland
Over the past year you have failed to spot a single significant
economic trend. You have sat alongside the most optimistic
mortgage company economist and proclaimed 'nothing to see here' . Finally, when even my cat has started to fret about economy cat food you acknowledge their is a problem and tell us the worst of it over. If Glaxo could market whatever you are on they may be the only company to post a profit this year.
Mark, Epping, Loughton
Unfortunately, my fear is that the attempts after the last recession to bail out the banks and to make the poor get deeper into debt to make the rich richer has reached the end of the road in the West. With the present debt levels, it seems impossible to wring any more debt from the poor.
At last the rich have started to fear the same as what the poor have endured since capitalism commenced.
The greed is so immense that no concerns for whether borrowing can be afforded has brought us to this impasse. Now the pain will start to flow towards the perpretrators of this financial disaster. Some have left the party early with payoffs, after presiding over total incompetence in their management during their stewardship. They should be the ones facing repossessions and bankruptcy, instead their appointees and peers will reap the whirlwind.
What good are lower interest rates if you are up to your eyeballs in debt.
In answer to Mr. Kaletsky's article. The pain has only just begun.
R. George, Lowestoft, England
Yep, all over. Just look at Citigroup and Merrill today.
Please sack this chancer and save valuabll ink and electrons.
Alex Ritchie, Salisbury, UK
Oleg, Cambridge, UK.
Well said that man. Gold star. Ten out of ten.
Maybe your right. Maybe this is just the medicine that we need.
joe, Berwickshire, scotland
Its a brave forecast, so I think if you are correct you should receive more money from the Times for your column the following year but if people use this forecast to invest and you are totally wrong you should lose your job with the Times. LETS GET SOME ACCOUNTABILITY
DAVID REARDON, nuneaton, warwickshire
I recall that Private Eye ran a column a few months back , specifically on how consistently wide off the mark Mr Kaletsky's predictions were .Economists as a whole are not renowned for the accuracy of their foresight , so this was high praise indeed for Mr Kaletsky. Therefore, judging by the contents of this article , we're in even bigger trouble than I thought.
mick, manchester,
I think the accuracy of this article will be quickly seen. Citigroup and Merril Lynch give their Q4 2007 results this week so we'll see what happens to the inter-bank rates then.
The Economist reckons that 200-300B of losses (approx) will be written off by the banks and we have only (!) seen about 80B so far, so I would guess that we are about a third of a way through this. A long way to go yet, I'm afraid.
jxc, MK, England
Well, that's a relief then. All a storm in a teacup really ... If only! I must save this particular piece from your resident perma-bull take it out, dust it down and read it again in perhaps a year's time.
I also note that the venerable AC predicts that:
''The intransigence of the ECB will cause serious economic and political disruptions in Europe - and could even raise questions about the euro's survival as a reserve currency in the long term.''
Sleepers awake! Your knee-jerk europhobe seems to have missed out on the fact that it is the dollar's reserve currency status that is at issue not the euro's. And given the fact of the US's intractable current account deficits this is hardly surprsing.
Anyone with any nous or any idea of what is actually going on with regards to exchange rate movements, currency valuations and forex markets would take the euro over the dollar any day.
Frank Lee, Wallington, UK
I agree with all the points in this article.
At least someone is ballsy enough to come out when everyone is taking cover and hiding away.
Well done!
Robert, London,
One word you didn't use: inflation! Do you honestly think central banks can pump money into the system indefinitely?
Robin Bruce, Bristol,
Anatole, I agree that the Euro may become over valued but that will be the fault of the US and poodle UK economy. The ECB is following the correct course of anti-inflation policy. If we succumb to the stupidity of the US Fed in cutting rates to further fuel the flames of debt with resulting inflation, it will only make matters worse. No amount of talking up a failed economic model is goping to fix this problem.The US and UK now need to go 'cold turkey' and allow their economies to correct the perverse reliance on the consumer.
Steve Marchant, Broadhempston, UK
your living on cloud 9. The sooner people like you get a grip on reality the better for society.
The world ecconomy is in a mess due to greed and over inflated self importance by financial and multinational corporations. The bubble has burst and the fall out will lead to world recession. Stop trying to kid yourself that you understsnd the market and ecconomics.No one does!
The fact is the financial system is out of control and kidding itself in to thinking it will ride out the blunders that have been made. The buck stops here!
philip Hammond, crosby,
To say that the credit crunch is easing as shown in inter-bank rates is "so wrong" I am afraid.
The narrowing of the spread of 3 month rates over Central Bank indication rates (Fed, BofE, ECB) is more a simple result of the credit markets pricing in imminent cuts by those Central Banks. ie Fed will likely cut rates by 0.5% - 1.0% on Jan 29th (or before!) - so a 3 month rate from today would have 70plus days of the 90 priced at a rate of 3.5% - 3.75% factored in - and not the present 4.5% .
Mike Small, Dubai, UAE
Every time I come to Anatole's comments I hope to find one that actually depicts the reality as it is (in fact this hope is the only reason that makes me return). However "optimistic" you are for 2008, with the City, the overpriced housing market and the public sector being at the heart of the British economy, its crash is just a matter of time: if not 2008, then 2009 or 2010. This here is the economy that cares no more for the prospects of its younger generation and vulnerable, that drives the class separation further into the deep, its the economy that killed its own engineering and technological traditions etc. It is not sustainable, and the City could not care less: it will move as soon as it does not feel happy in the UK. The crash seems to be the only factor that could bring the English back to Earth and make them start thinking, thinking of unlimited consume, youth crime, poor education, poor family relations etc - think of the values of the society.
Oleg, Cambridge, UK
I just taught myself in economics and found that it was very interesting that people start to think of recessions in UK and US , so I checked out the factors , GDP, unemployment etc....which leads to it , well I still not convinced ??? the true answeres could it be all the key factors affecting the economies in all sectors and where can one get this data ???? of the last year , help where ?
It would be great if someone could guide me to these data !!
claire, surrey,
Why is inflation not mentioned at all in this prediction?
Because it will have a devastating effect on the conclusion?
Its easy to cut rates when inflation is low (US in 2002), foolish to do so when every indicator (except cheery picked CPI) is shouting inflationary spiral.
Did stock markets fall in 2002 despite the rate cutting? Oh dear they did. But only about 30% because there was no proper recession!
GG, Essex,
Dear JMD: I love all of Mr. Kaletsky's wonderful predictions. He leaves very little "on the other hand..maybe..perhaps" wiggle room. Time will tell if, and how wide of the mark, he is! (Many real financial journalists -- Randall Forsyth (Barron's) and Wolfgang Munchau (FT) -- disagree with him completely. TTFN, Peter Adam
Peter Adam, Chevy Chase, MD
Which bit of Kaletsky's prediction does Peter Adam not like ?
To question whether the Euro's 'one size fits all' strategy actually works amongst so many disparate economies seems sensible.
And if one continues to follow his argument there has to be a malign economic impact if products in the Euro area become overpriced through inflation and an overvalued currency.
Airbus has been vociferous in its complaints about the impact of euro strength on sales.
JMD, London,
Anatole, I'm afraid you are way wide of the mark on this one. The carnage in subprime mortgage CDOs is set to be repeated in similar repackagings of credit card, auto receivables, leveraged debt and so on. Further, where are all the losses outside of the banking sector, ie in the investment and hedge funds, the latter of which are often bank funded? What happens when credit default swaps get called from counterparties who can't pay up? A few questions for you to answer there before calling the end of this mess...
JP, London,
Economic predictions exist in order to make horoscopes more credible.
guido, rome, italy
not much analysis here. all you've really said is that since LIBOR has come back a bit the banking crisis is over. well i guess it might be that simple.
the second assumption rather than analysis is that if there is a US recession then it will be over before christmas and everything will be hunky dory again. i suppose that might be true too.
i think you're normally mroe incisive than this which makes me think you dont really have the arguments to support something that is just an attempt to be bullish because you sense others are bearish.
And no doubt this comment will simply confirm your views that people are too bearish. You may be right on that too.
BUT you havent been convincing.
OJ, Frant, UK
i think some of the predition might be true in the future,
arifin, medan, indonesia
Dear Mr. Kaletsky: As Casey Stengal once noted: Be careful about making predictions, particularly about the future. Regards, Peter Adam
peter Adam, Chevy Chase, MD