Gary Duncan, Economics Editor
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The Governor of the Bank of England paved the way yesterday for it to take more radical steps to ease mounting financial stresses on British banks as he admitted that the credit squeeze had entered “a new and difficult phase”.
Mervyn King signalled to MPs that ground-breaking action to buy up or swap the illiquid mortgage-backed securities blamed for the near-seizure of credit markets could be taken, in a decisive attempt by the Bank to quell resurgent financial strains.
The Governor said that present conditions were “the sorts of circumstances in which central bank action is necessary to prevent a major shock to the system as a whole. We are discussing with the banks how a longer-term resolution of the problem might be reached,” he told the Commons Treasury Committee.
Mr King highlighted his concern over deteriorating financial conditions when he conceded for the first time that the economy faced a full-blown credit crunch. Until now, he had avoided using that term, but yesterday he emphasised that “across the world, confidence in financial markets is fragile”.
His comments came as renewed strains in Britain’s money markets were confirmed when sterling Libor interest rates for three-month loans between banks rose to 6 per cent, the highest since December 28.
The Governor also boosted City speculation that interest rates could be cut again as soon as next month. Asked whether market upheavals meant that the Bank was more predisposed to cut interest rates, Mr King replied bluntly: “Yes.”
His clear hint that the Bank was contemplating unprecedented measures to restore financial calm in its talks with commercial banks came as he pinned the blame for the funding drought in inter-bank lending firmly on largely untradeable assets, such as mortgage-backed securities.
“The heart of the problem stems from an overhang on banks’ balance sheets of assets in which markets have closed,” he said. “These assets cannot now be sold or used to secure funding in the market; they are difficult to finance.
That has created uncertainty about the strength of banks’ financial positions.”
The Governor made clear that the Bank would continue to lend against asset-backed securities. However, in a signal that he sees a sound case for stronger measures, he added: “Such lending can only be a temporary measure, but it can be a useful bridge to a longer-term solution.”
While he did not detail any specific measures, he underlined the case for more far-reaching action. “It is unrealistic to assume that markets for many asset-backed securities are likely to reopen speedily, or, when they do, to their previous levels of activity.”
While Mr King’s comments were seen as pointing to potential Bank moves that would remove asset-backed securities from banks’ balance sheets, he also emphasised to MPs that any action would come with two key conditions.
He said it was essential that the risk of losses on banks’ lending “remain with banks’ shareholders”, while any public funds should not simply subsidise new commercial lending by banking groups. The Governor could impose conditions on any new Bank of England support to ensure the first condition, but guaranteeing the latter could be much harder to achieve.
Mr King mounted a strong defence of the Bank’s handling of the credit crisis, rebuffing challenges from MPs who suggested it had been less proactive than the US Federal Reserve.
He also repeated his prediction that house prices were unlikely to rise over the next few years, while a sharp squeeze on household spending power was likely to continue for another year. Despite that, he dampened hopes of steep cuts in interest rates, pointing again to the difficult balancing act between pressures from rising inflation and weaker growth.
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Meanwhile, Jean-Claude Trichet, European Central Bank president, told the European parliament that the ECB was committed to easing financial market tensions, but the rescue of banks facing solvency difficulties would be âin a different universeâ and require taxpayersâ money.
A Different Universe
Now there's an interesting admission by Trichet: Easing financial tensions will be in a different universe requiring taxpayer money. Meanwhile, the Bank Of England wants guarantees from the tooth fairy that taxpayers will not be at risk. And back in the US, Congress is investigating into how the Fed and the Treasury department handled Bear Stearns while looking into giving the Fed more still power to wreak havoc.
Does anyone else want to join this mad hatters tea party? There seems to be plenty of room at the table for Japan.
eric shadorn, sheffield UK,
Since this whole situation would appear to have been caused by poor decisions within the international banking community, and that the tax-payers money is now having to be used, via Mr King, to effectively bail the British banks out, rather than allow them to go bust as Mr Nammory rightly implies, I am assuming that we will see senior members of all British banking institutions being held accountable and SACKED without large severance payments????
Richard Lees, Manchester,
Uh Mervin King offers assistance to bankers due to their incompetence and self-greed. Whose going to bailout the great unwashed who are having sleepless nights with higher interest rates due to the actions of these very same men looking for a hand out? Whereâs their cure?
Is this the same bank govern who sat in front of Jon Moulton of Alchemy not eighteen months ago and had not a clue and or understanding about the financial instruments being used to manipulate the US housing market! Which would invariably, as sure as night meets day, have a direct result on the British economy?
A few months ago we where told the economy was doing well and we should look outside London and see the real gains and prosperity. Whatâs happened to that self-prophecy?
Meanwhile President Bush is having second thoughts about doing the same with the Federal Reserve, bailing out what are essentially private companies due to yet more greed. Will he offer the same to other FSTE companies as the pressure bites, with tighter bank landing, higher energy cost or exchange rates eroding profits?
Heâs about to set a very dangerous precedent. Others will watch closely to see perhaps how they may seek assistance when push comes to shove.
Karl Williams, London, Great Britain
What ever happened to moral hazard? The idea of bailing out these idiots in the city sickens me. I bet they can not believe their luck in bullying the spinless Mr King into saving their bacon. I just don't get any of this anymore.
Chris Eaces, Chipping N,
After seeing this, why would anyone ever save again. The message is one of lend recklessly and then use inflation to wipe out prudent people's savings.
david webb, bournemouth, uk
Is this why the pound is weakening against the Euro? Traders abroad belive that to live up to the pomp and circumstance of financial whizz, the BoE will start printing off more money to 'give' to commercial and private banks to help them through their own creation of bad times. However this will make British products cheaper in the Eurozone and could reignite our exports much as America has been doing by devaluing their currency. They were clever/lucky enough to have done this in times of prosperity and their handling of substantially cheaper credit will give us an indication.
As we already have the threat of rising inflation due to energy and food costs I believe this action may be too late and we may have to weather a long and bumpy storm. Buy Euros for safety and hope your savings account doesn't go under, these accounts should be the ones the BoE underwrites. Credit is taken on risk and the appropriate fallout should come with bad lending products.
Alistair Kipling, Birmingham,
I remember a mantra of years ago that if 'you were too big you would not be allowed to go bust' That is clearly what is happening here in grand style. And what good sense it makes. Forget who's to blame, just fix this thing before we all go back to the stone age and people start putting their money under the matress. Some thing must be done in the future however to address the problems of these huge bonuses and pay checks for these bankers. I feel this is at the heart of the problem and has encouraged bankers to gamble with money on such a huge scale. After all money has now been reduced in vlaue to just the 'click of a button.'
David Nammory, Liverpool,
I presume that one of the conditions of the bailout will be that the banks must pass on in full and immediately any interest rate reductions....
david, london,
Funny old world we live in. Bank rate comes down and the cost of borrowing by ordinary members of the public goes up by twice the rate of the cut.
Funny too, those wonderful 'economies of scale' so convincingly promised in the sixties, seventies and eighties have left us with incredibly low levels of service from the banks.
Funny how borrowing costs that are based not on individual credit experience but on computer generated generalisations have led to the lenders forgetting how to do their jobs, or even what thier job was!
Thank heavens we Brits have such a great sense of humour.
David J, Winchester, UK
Logically, if an institution is too big for society to allow it to fail then it should be owned by the state......
TF, london,
This is terrible news, but as I suspected the government is willing to do anything to try and keep the housing bubble inflated. This will only help those who have borrowed recklessly and of course property investors. However, new labour believe that everyone who owns a property will vote against them if prices fall. Mr Brown has a habit of selling low (our gold) and buying high (unsound mortgage securities / Northern Rock)...utter incompetence for a so call economic miracle worker.
A Harris, Kettering, UK
If an industrial or commercial business makes a bad decision then it has nobody to blame or bail it out except the creditors, admnistrators or the liquidator. The banksa and financial institutions created the ogre of CDO. They must live with the consequence. If they cannot afford them now sell them in the market to one who can and take the loss. If the loss forces closure then that is good since it the removal of an imprudent institution for the common good. It should not be the function of central banks and government to use our money to chase bad money. Another point is that since mortgages are sold into CDOs who is the mortgagor in possession? This needs to be tested in the courts. It has been in the US and the result has been people keeping their homes since the mortgagor could not be identified. Interesting that people who might be homeless may in fact be able to keep their house and reduce the outgoings by negotiating with the apparent mortgaor for a new loan.
Patrick, Taipei, Taiwan
To all those who are now so indecently referring to 'incentive', 'competition' and the like as 'greed', you really just need to try harder. Remember: "Failure means moral impoverishment!"
John, Constance,
Credit inflation will bring no comfortable result!
huang, beijing, china
So Mr King is to cave in and cut interest rates, maybe
Money should be treated like a commodity, if commodity is in sort supply, its cost goes up. Hence the cost of borrowing goes up.
What we do not want is the Goverment printing presses working overtime, creating lots of paper money, along with lots of inflation, Robbing people who save the value of their savings.
So house prices fall, if you only have one house you are no worse off. Plus you have had a good run only paying 4-5% on borrowed money with house inflation of 20-25%.
Acept a rise in %, and give new comers to the housing market a chance to save and for their earnings to catch up.
It will also help the 30% plus of the population who live on fixed incomes and savings.
So why bail out greedy Investment Bankers, Hedge Funds and other speculators. They have had their profits/bonus's.
Punish them and lets get back to low inflation and sound money
P F Mills, Hull, England
if the taxpayer is being asked to pay the cost of banks' overly greedy trading, then individual bankers should be made to pay a personal cost. it was greed for bonuses that drove the overly aggressive selling of these instruments, so the government should insist that all investment banking personal bonuses are repaid and any profits on share options re-paid as a pre-condition to any bail out.
stephen, china, china