Alice Miles
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We want, Gordon Brown said yesterday, to punish and prevent. Note the order in which those words appear - when he entered No 10 Mr Brown was hoping to prevent, not punish. Gone was to be the fist-waving of the Tony Blair years; the ASBOs, criminal justice Bills, initiatives and ten-point plans. Young people were to be championed not chastised, heralded not harangued. Fear would be replaced with hope.
The benighted teenagers emblazoned across the front pages of every newspaper this month, stuffing knives down their trousers and scaring the pants off every nice but nervous mum, have scuppered that. As reporters scramble into scary housing estates protected by nothing but their television cameras, a turf war between the Home Office and Department for Children, Schools and Families has been fought over who “owns” youth crime.
Ed Balls, the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, has tried and failed to have responsibility for young offenders moved into his department, wanting to shift the debate about teenage offending away from criminology and towards education. It is an ambition that Mr Brown still shares; but one that has simply been tempered by experience and the need to answer a hundred angry headlines.
For one approach is the terrain of the Conservatives, condemnatory and penalising, the other is more liberal turf, preferring to try to change behaviour through incentive, education and good example. But it is expensive and it takes time.
Somewhere into all this fell yesterday's Youth Crime Action Plan, an initiative straight from the TB Book of Government - an 80-page plan, some extra money and a slew of reannounced proposals. Except that this one unravelled faster even than one of Mr Blair's, with the idea of taking young criminals to hospital to visit stab victims half-announced - “one of the measures that we are considering”, the Prime Minister on Monday morning; “I have never said that,” the Home Secretary on Monday afternoon - then chewed up and spat out before the actual “plan” was even completed.
That seemed still to be being cobbled together yesterday morning, as the deadline for its publication passed and Home Office officials told me that they were “still waiting for it to be sent”. From whom, by where - who cares? This was a public relations exercise: a reannouncement of the plan for more community service in highly visible jackets, more parenting orders and youth centres, an extension of family intervention projects (FIPs), much of it repeated from the Youth Taskforce Action Plan published only four months ago.
And yet. And yet. In those projects and orders and plans, in those long-term interventions, among the acronyms - the CAFs and YOTs and YROs, the CYPPs and the CDRPs - in those long, hard grafts that produce more acronyms than headlines, lie a better chance than jail to address youth crime. David Cameron is right when he says that the presumption that you will go to prison for being caught carrying a knife is “plain, simple, clear” - as in that it produces a plain, simple, clear headline: “Jail knife yobs.”
But reality isn't plain, simple or clear and nor are the real solutions. Just as with his talk of a broken society, Mr Cameron both exaggerates and oversimplifies. The causes of crime, and of social problems, are complex and require complex solutions. Despite the national panic about social breakdown, real social failure, like the immediate effects of hard crime, is focused in certain devastated communities. Broken Britain is identifiable through poverty indicators, school exclusion numbers, mortality rates, crime figures and the like. It comes down, the Government reckons, to perhaps 20,000 “hard core” families out of an overall total of 110,000 “problem families”.
A primary school teacher can tell you which kids are likely to end up in jail. A statistician, in turn, could have told her which they would be, before they were even born. We have the data, and it is being used hard, to identify the families needing firm intervention, or the young pregnant woman who would benefit from the family nurse programme, where intensive one-to-one support is offered until the child is 2.
Amazing things are going on out there - the young man who has become a mentor because of an early intervention project, the mum-to-be off the booze and away from her abusive partner thanks to the support of a family nurse, the social misfit propped up by a special-needs teacher - and it is threatened by careless talk of collapsed societies, universal punishment and condemnation. Things are so much more complicated than that.
This month a speech by the Chief Constable of South Wales was leaked. Barbara Wilding said that the police and courts cannot provide a long-term solution to the violent gang culture that has replaced family ties in deprived parts of the country. Any policies based primarily on enforcement were “set on sand”; the focus should instead be on tackling the underlying social and economic causes. This is a senior police officer speaking, not some softie liberal.
And it is what Mr Brown implicitly recognised when, on entering No 10, he put the “Respect” agenda under the control of Mr Balls, who effectively abolished it, declaring that every ASBO represents a failure and that he hoped to live in “the kind of society that puts ASBOs behind us”. Yesterday they put ASBOs up front again in the Youth Crime Action Plan, but accompanied by parenting orders, a recognition that behind an angry teenager often lies some really bad parenting.
Despite the very different language used by politicians of Left and Right, most are approaching a kind of consensus about social problems: for instance, that they are focused on certain identifiable individuals and families in mostly hard-core areas; that the earlier and more intensive the intervention the better; that boys in particular need good male role models; that benefits ought to be a route to a job, not to permanent unemployment.
It is where these strands are broken that education ends up failing too, as schools try to pick up the pieces with pastoral and health advisers, and a blizzard of special-needs support from literacy and numeracy to emotional and social skills.
“I do sometimes wonder”, one special-needs teacher said recently, “whether we aren't offering too much understanding. When I was at school, you didn't bring your problems in with you. The teachers weren't interested in them.”
These days, as teachers know, as the police know, as even some Conservatives know, you have to deal with the FIPs and the YROs before you have a chance of getting to grips with the ABCs.

Alice Miles has been with The Times since 1999. She began as a Parliamentary Sketch writer before becoming a columnist, writing mainly on politics and national issues such as education and health. She won Columnist of the Year in 2007.
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Alice : Poverty is mankind's normal state.
It is expected that people are "poor".
What makes people rich ? Capitalism. Hard work with steady work habits, preceded by some education, in a functioning society.
Bad parents? No Parents? Tough! Do the crime, then do the time.
wilfred knight, orange county, usa
If, as we are told, things are constantly getting better in our wonderful 21st-century society, how come we have these "complex problems requiring complex solutions"? Where did these problems come from? They seem to have got worse as people became richer, not poorer.
Tom Welsh, Basingstoke,
Three things never fail to annoy me: Fundamentalist Christians, Marxists and believers in 'Early intervention not punishment' endlessly bleating "but its never been tried!". All three have been endlessly attempted: Never with an ounce of success.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Am I the only person in Britain who feels that the rest of us have no moral obligation to the 'criminal underclass' whatsoever? If they didn't exist and represent such a crushing burden on us all I could work three days a week and spend more time with my (genetically valuable) offspring.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
I don't murder, rape, torture, steal etc etc. I also don't care if the people who do these things are physicaly exterminated. This makes me a wicked person who epitomises all that is evil. Those who persistently do all these things, however, are essentially good people who have gone astray.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Only when there are many more prisons, chock full of sobbing lonely youth rotting in solitary, will I be able to believe that the authorities really care about the poor and the vulnerable. If you care about the poor, then do as they ask and take the criminals off their streets!
Daniel Heslop, Bournemouth, UK
I think we need both prevention AND punishment...
Cracking down on knife crime is necessary in the short term, but it will do little more than put people in prison - they'll be out before too long.
Prison time needs to be combined with a social agenda to prevent it happening in the future.
ChrisP, Sevenoaks/London, United Kingdom
You have to get in early while the infants brain is being formed and in the earliest years. From adoloescence on it is too late for the most impulsive and violent. They just have to be
locked up.The most hopeless parents really need to be asked to limit the number of children they have.
Ben, Nottingham, UK
Alice, you say it takes time. We have had about 40 years of it, two generations. I was a Det Sgt in Hackney in the 1970s, "knife crimes" was rare, though crime was not
Just how long before these "enlightened policies" are supposed to work ?.
"Mentoring "?, It certainly beats working.for a living
Peter Bolt, Redditch, UK
You're right, early intervention is what really works here.
There is plenty of research that shows that the pathways to crime a laid down by the age of 3.
We know how to respond to crime, but seem to lack the guts and patience to do so.
Jonu, London,
Why not put a 'chip' in every person; if it works for identifying dogs why not people?
With scanners in shops, schools etc. linked to CCTV you'd know who was where doing what, and could identify anyone at a crime scene etc.
Not PC enough? How'd you prefer to live; those with nothing to hide?
Terry, Bagneres, France
Complex problems do require complex solutions. Even so, some important principles are easily understood. David Cameron may be "both exaggerating and simplifying the problem," but he is right to emphasise the centrality of personal responsibility, as Alice Miles should more readily acknowledge.
Stephen Gold, Glasgow, UK
A loony left true believer, we have so much crime and violence because we have not had quite enough reaching out to the anti social, in order to reform them. Just a bit more understanding will get us there. Makes me glad I bailed out to Australia,where I can watch the lunacy from a safe distance
George , Perth, Australia
No progress is or is likely to be made on dealing with violence without tough jail sentences.
Deprive them of their liberty; put them in a cold cell; give them hard physical work and make them compensate their victims.
Wooly liberalism will never work.
Alan Hargreaves, Holywell, UK
Will Duffay,London.`Without considering the long term effects of such actions`.This has been the problem too much consideration has been given to the rights and effects on criminals.Can you not see the result?What has been the effect?Has crime been reduced?Criminals need more consideration-of course
Norman, Notts,
Yes, it will be 'got at' by the PC 'Bleeding Heart' Liberal Left who ponce the philosopy that 'Nobody is responsible for anything they do, because its someone elses fault!'
The CPS [Criminal Protection Society] will make sure any hard policies fail - we can't have criminals going to Jail now.
B Clark, Chelmsford, England
The evidence is that it is the probability of being caught that most deters potential offenders, not the severity of the sentence. A 90% chance of being fined deters people. A 0.01% chance of being hanged does not. Randomly jailing a few people who are caught with knives will not work.
Frank Upton, Solihull,
Amazing progress? The statistics shows a steady rise in crime amongst the young - anecdotal evidence suggests the crime is even greater with much not being reported.
The current situation demonstrates comprehensive failure of policy. And you want more of the same!!! Yet more state intervention.
Mark, Berkhamsted,
Marek
Your maths is somewhat suspect.
Alex, London, England
What utter dimwits liberals always. Criminals are usually thoroughly nasty pieces of work, and not interested in or susceptible to being 'saved'. Those that are, will be, without spending millions on 'initiatives'. The means have always been there.
Face it. Some people are just nasty or plain evil.
Hilary, Telford,
Very sensible words. Well done Alice. As the other comments show, the Right would simply comdemn and bang 'em up, without considering the long term effect of such actions. It's time to grow up and approach this problem with subtlety and intelligence.
Will Duffay, London,
The problems are complex, and involve a lack of education and unskilled jobs, and too much overcrowding. To thrive people need a purpose in life, and space in which to achieve it, most of our sink estates offer neither. This in reinforced by generational welfarism. BUT, we need a quick solution.
fedupandenglish, Surrey,
Oh God,when will wishywashy liberals ever grow up?`Complex problems,require complex solution`,this has been the battle cry of the liberal trendie for the past fifty years-look at the results.Has crime gone down over this period?The solution is simple -bring back hanging for murder.
Norman, notts,
Shoplifting = crime = punishment
Fiddling expenses = crime = no punishment
Do what I say, not what I do = bad parenting
Steve, Brading,
These days a "senior police officer" IS a "softie liberal"-hense the change of name from Police Force to Police Service (as in Social Services).
More importantly, "complex solutions" may be the answer to some social problem BUT they take time. Knife crime for example needs action to save lives now.
Ian, Petersfield, UK
I don't know if Alice Miles (forgive the third person, I'm not sure how these things out to be addressed) was the author of the leading article yesterday concerning the "broken" society of today, but both that article and this one are rare for their insight and understanding.
Tom Butcher, Reading,
Sir
Enough please of this liberal psychobabble. The cause of crime is criminals. The way to stop crime is to get rid of the criminals.
It works today in Singapore, and it worked in Britain until the bleeding hearts took over.
Robert Firth, Singapore,
Utter rubbish.
J.Wilkes, Gloucester,
It looks like £100 million is going to be allocated to a programme aimed at "assisting" 110 thousand problem famillies, that is roughly a million per family. Could we save the money giving them let's say £100 000 per family on condition the kids would behave?
Marek, London,