Anatole Kaletsky
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Did you happen to notice the collapse of global capitalism and the end of the world financial system as we know it? If not, don’t worry. Like me, you must have been on holiday in August. While dozing on the beach or driving round a medieval hill-town, you might have heard some snippets on the radio about banks collapsing, hedge funds going bankrupt and millions of Americans losing their homes in mortgage foreclosures. But you probably didn’t fully understand these broadcasts because they were in Serbo-Croat.
Alternatively, you may have picked up a page from a discarded business newspaper or magazine at the airport. There you would have seen a terrifying financial crisis described in shock-horror headlines atop a story consisting entirely of baffling jargon and alphabet soup: “Barclays was forced to raise £1.6 billion in emergency financing yesterday from the Bank of England because of temporary liquidity interruptions in three-month Libor due to discontinuous rating agency resets for German balance-sheet conduits of SIV-lite sub-prime US mortgage-backed ABS default-swap securitisations.”
Assuming that you didn’t immediately take in the full significance of such announcements, you probably went back to dozing in your deckchair, having made a mental note to check on the value of your share portfolio and other assets as soon as you got back home.
If you finally faced up to this painful exercise yesterday morning, you probably had a pleasant surprise. At Tuesday’s closing prices, you would have seen that the FTSE 100 index, representing the 100 biggest shares on the London stock market, was at 6,377, almost identical to its closing level of 6,360 of July 31. All other leading stock markets, apart from Tokyo, have performed at least as well.
Does this mean that all the lurid stories about a global financial crisis were just a silly season exercise in trying to sell extra papers, and all the thundering speeches from politicians and regulators denouncing government bailouts of reckless borrowers and lenders were simply a waste of breath? The answer, as all too often in the world of economics and finance, is yes and no.
For many bankers, professional investors and finance directors, this really was a crisis of historic proportions, and still is. While ordinary investors and bank depositors are unlikely to lose – or make – any money as a result of what happened this summer, the world of high finance will never be quite the same.
The summer crisis started with the failure of some overburdened American homeowners to pay their mortgages, but then spread rapidly to German banks, French insurance companies and Japanese pension funds. The precise mechanism of this breakdown is unimportant and a full explanation would drag us again into financial alphabet soup. All that matters is that two of the basic assumptions that have supported the prosperity of global finance in the past decade have been shaken, if not entirely blown apart.
The first of these fallacies is that mathematical models of past financial behaviour can predict the future with sufficient accuracy to support hundreds of billions of dollars of profitable financial trading and to turn assets, such as mortgages to families with low incomes and poor credit histories, which were previously considered very risky, into “triple A” investment propositions, at least some of which are as safe as American or British government bonds.
The second questionable assumption is that globalised financial markets can almost completely replace the old-fashioned local banks and building societies that used to dominate every nation’s financial system, providing a risk-free and immediately accessible home for the deposits of that country’s savers and investors and then lending the money thus raised to local businesses and mortgage borrowers.
What happened this summer in a nutshell, was first that some supposedly ultra-safe “triple A” securities turned out to be much less safe than others. And just as investors in “triple A” mortgage loans were starting to realise this in the early summer, those who decided to take their money out were hit by a second shocking revelation: that money that could supposedly be withdrawn at a moment’s notice from the most developed and regulated of international financial markets, for example the London interbank market for wholesale commercial loans, was actually much less immediately available than money placed on deposit in any respectable bank.
As a result of these twin revelations, significant parts of the global financial industry will never be the same. Banks and hedge funds that had profited hugely by channelling Asian and Middle Eastern savings into apparently safe American and European investments will become much less profitable. Many financiers and bankers will lose their jobs and most will see their bonuses severely cut.
In Britain, to a greater extent than America or Europe, the effects of this financial shake-out will be felt well beyond the financial sector – and not only because of the Bank of England’s surprisingly tardy and inflexible response to the dislocation, in comparison with the US Federal Reserve Board’s and the European Central Bank’s. The main problem for Britain is that so much of the country’s prosperity depends ultimately on the wealth generated by financial globalisation. It is, therefore, almost inevitable that house prices and Treasury tax revenues will suffer in the next year or so, just as they did after the financial upheavals of 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2001.
From a longer-term perspective, however, this crisis will probably turn out to be another storm in a teacup. Lenders will doubtless become more cautious for a while after the traumas they have just suffered, but the economic effects of these tougher lending standards – on employment, wages, profits and even house prices – will be largely compensated by the Bank of England and the Fed setting interest rates at a lower level than seemed likely a few months ago.
More fundamentally, last month’s crisis is no more likely than its predecessors of the past decade to interrupt the relentless progress of globalised finance. The economic logic of financial globalisation will remain as compelling as ever: investors and savers from around the world will continue to seek out financial opportunities wherever they may arise. Bankers and fund managers will continue to identify these opportunities, structure new types of financial instruments and then distribute them across national boundaries – always learning something from their previous mistakes, though never quite enough to satisfy bearish sceptics.
And provided the Government and the Bank of England continue to play their cards well, as they broadly have since the mid1980s, London will remain the natural place for these financial businesses to grow.

Anatole Kaletsky writes for The Times Comment pages on Thursdays. One of the country's leading commentators on economics, he was formerly Economics Editor and is now an Associate Editor of The Times. He has won many awards for his financial and political journalism. Before joining The Times, he worked for 12 years on the Financial Times
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Let's not forget the role of the rating agencies AKA as the world's best paid liars.
Last time I saw real data their usefullness was little better than random numbers until 6 months before the actual default. Now they are madly changing their ratings on CDO's so they can continue to brag to the brainless that "An A rated bond has never defaulted."
RC Carlson, Tucson, AZ
It seems that your optimistic analysis is based primarily on a measure of how high this cat has bounced. A closer study of feline physics would caution that the cat that protests least of all on rebound is the dead one. The end is not nigh. It is here.
ludwig, austria,
"The first of these fallacies is that mathematical models . . . to turn assets, such as mortgages to families with low incomes and poor credit histories, which were previously considered very risky, into âtriple Aâ investment propositions, at least some of which are as safe as American or British government bonds."
.
I will never understand how silly some financiers can be. Or it's a joke?
Robert Pastierovic, Bratislava, Slovakia
No more greed to feed the city cats
Oh liquidity, where have you gone ?
Lost to greedy homeowners
with ideas above their income.
3 car families and credit card debts
Economic reality, history in progress....
Andy Tulip, Manchester, UK
Part 2
These people separate what they like to call the 'real' economy from the institutional theft that the banking system has become. They think they can help the 'real' economy (the Titanic) by pushing the iceberg further away, slowly, whilst accelerating towards it.
I have become very frustrated. Our economic leaders do not understand what they are doing. They did not see this coming. It was the most widely flagged crash the world has ever seen but they did not see it and now they think they can 'contain' it.
They cannot contain it. The world economy needs this 'fire' to burn out the deadwood but we're still allowing the deadwood to prepare great vats of fuel which will ultimately make it worse.
David Stars, Glasgow, Scotland
Dream on, Anatole. If you think the Central Banks of the world can solve all this by cutting rates, you are sadly mistaken. Rates left too low for too long caused this mess in the first place! £1 trillion of commercial paper (loans to large corporations) is due to expire in the next 6 weeks, and investors in that paper are facing losses of up to 50%. Banks are refusing to lend to each other for more than a few days at a time, as they know they will need that cash in the next couple of months to cover the massive losses they have made on CDOs. If you think this is all a "storm in a teacup" I'd love to see the size of your crockery. What you are in fact witnessing is the early stages of the bursting of an historic debt bubble, and it will be as bad as 1929 if not worse.
Freddie, London,
The main difference between now and a month ago is that there have been several injections of liquidity, some of significantly large amounts (totaling around a third of annual US personal Income Tax payments) into the global banking system which has, for the present, calmed market fear of losses from some lending now thought to have been unwise.
As of the moment much of this added liquidity seems merrily to be being traded away in sharply recovering stock markets.
Questions remain as to whether allowing the markets to correct in this way leaves open the possibility of further larger falls when reduced inter bank liquidity occasioned by reassessment of some commercial paper impacts on the existing pipeline of M&A activity agreed but not yet completed.
Whilst the difference between concern and panic may seem to be one of degree, could there be need for further adjustment of hopes and expectations to accommodate recent change?
dr venables preller, Warminster, UK
I would dispute how 'well' central banks have played their cards (namely slashing rates at any sign of adversity otherwise known as printing money to paper over deeper problems and thereby distorting price signals and postponing trouble).
However, it would be well to note before heeding Kaltesky's buy-dips-it -usually-works advice that the FTSE peaked in 1999 at 6930.2 or nearly 10% above today's market.
Financial globalisation will progress no doubt, but this does not necessarily mean one will profit by buying the FTSE as such globalisation has done little for FTSE investors over the last nearly 8 years.
Jonathan, Dublin, Ireland
Part 6
Until our financial betters acknowledge this we will continue to carve out an increasingly dismal future.
After the fact they will pretend that they saw it coming. That they knew it was coming but they had to keep their heads and try to fix it.
They will say this and they will all keep their jobs and the people at the bottom will be crushed and they will move on to the next uber barrel of pork, confident that this kind of theft goes unpunished.
These people should not lose their jobs. They should go to prison. The Fed Chairmen who did not shout Fire! The BOE governors who followed like good soldiers. The people at the ratings agencies who ignited a feeding frenzy when they called zombies alive and our chancellor, who believed his own PR instead of studying. We have not even started to hear about the effect on pension funds: and it will be profound.
David Stars, Glasgow, Scotland
The main thing I find so disturbing is that these loans were packaged up and sold around the world so easily.
One thing that has always amazed me about America, the land of the free, are the number of licenses needed to conduct a business in the US.
The reason for this is that there are a lot of rogues there. What is surprising, or maybe not, is that there are a lot of rogues in the mortgage business.
So after all this dies down I think we will see more regulation in the US.
Steve Byrne, Christchurch, UK
Pardon me while I have a good laugh. Kaletsky refers to the monster fraud perpetrated mainly by American investment houses aided and abetted by the "independent rating agencies " on pension funds, foreign investors etc as "the relentless progress of globalised finance" !!! it was more like the relentless progress of greed a la Gordon Gecko !! what planet does Kaletsky live on?
gordon gray, auckland, nz
Like any economist Mr Koletsky is never wrong. They work on the principle of how correct they are. Here is my correct analysis. The banks don't know how far they are into these bad debts. It'll take months to years to quantify the impact of them. Given the lack of hard information a 10% variation of the stock markets over a couple of months means nothing. It's all about confidence. The m/c is begining to crack. The rules are changing. Watch, and wait.
RJA, Nottingham, England, UK
Part whatever
Well?
David Stars, Gasgow, Scotland
Part 1
Indeed. The BOE are subsidizing banks. The problem with this approach is that it will not and cannot work its way properly through the system. That is to say that the BOE are giving banks free money in the form of artificially low interest rates.
They say it is to help the liquidity problem but the actual liquidity problem would only be helped if all of this was passed on. Are banks lowering their credit card charges as the lower rates are offered to them? Are they lowering their mortgage rates? No. And they will not.
It's easy to see how they think this might help. It is a band-aid but what they seem to either be missing or unwilling to take on board is that this is a tainted band-aid: With every negative basis-point on the band-aid is attached a little inflammatory poison.
This is a liquidity crunch caused by the provision of excess liquidity in the system. Providing free money (or artificially low rates) is the perpetuation of that which caused it in the first place.
David Stars, Glasgow, Scotland
Part 3
This is about inevitabilities. Someone wrote to me recently and asked how I saw the dollar performing and I wrote back explaining that it was impossible to predict, and I mean impossible as opposed to sometimes being possible but not in the way the twats in investment banks think they can predict the future, for now our central banks are not trying to control inflation or follow originary (for want of a better word) rates: Now they think they are firefighting. They think they are trying to save the system instead of practising capitalism.
Our banking system is a heroin addict and our central banks are do-gooder council workers pouring our money into brain-damaged, and most certainly doomed, rehab schemes.
David Stars, Glasgow, Scotland
"Money that could supposedly be withdrawn at a momentâs notice from the most developed and regulated of international financial markets" presumably includes money deposited with Egg, which recently altered its terms and conditions to give it the right to refuse to allow its depositors to withdraw their own money if it felt that its stability was under threat.
It is not clear whether Egg is more at risk than the other online banks or whether the other online banks are simply being reckless in allowing depositors unrestricted access to their own deposits.
Joseph Bruno, London,
I believ that in many respects Mr Kaletsky is correct in his assumption that the rapid devaluation of CDO's and other financial acronyms in themselves may not spell doom for the global economy.
What I do fear though, is that defaults on sub-prime mortgages are a sign that the US consumers borrowing capacity has been reached leading to lenders making loans with ever increasing risk. Having stared once into the abyss it is unlikely that the US consumer will call his / her bank asking for an increase on their credit card limit and spend the Global economy out of trouble.
Fraser Mackie, Bromley,
Just a bit of English, sure the headline should be An Historic Crisis... ?
Adrian Ryan, Donegal, Ireland