Anjana Ahuja: Science Notebook
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It’s one thing to suggest that children of mixed-race are treated differently from other children. But what if that different treatment comes not from peers, teachers or neighbours, but from their parents?
This is the provocative finding of a study published in the American Journal of Sociology. It found that parents of mixed-race children lavish more time and money on their offspring than parents of same-race children. Mixed-race children are more likely to enjoy private schooling, a home computer and cultural days out (to zoos, museums and art galleries), and to participate in extracurricular activities such as music and ballet. Brian Powell, of Indiana University in Bloomington, suggests that parents are compensating their children for the social disadvantages that they may face. It was not until 1967 that a US Supreme Court ruling decriminalised mixed-race marriages, suggesting that such unions are a bigger deal there than they are in Britain.
Professor Powell specialises in studying “parental expenditure” in untypical families. These include families with adopted children, older parents and “biracial” parents (comprising blacks, whites, Latinos and Native Americans). In all cases the children are predicted to be disadvantaged; in all cases, refreshingly, research has found that these children are exceptionally fortunate.
Common sense suggests that it often takes a deep well of love and courage to engineer an “untypical” domestic set-up. How lucky are the children born into such committed unions.

If ever there were a scientific issue likely to produce confusion, it is plans for a public consultation on the creation of human-animal embryos. The Government suggested banning such embryos but changed its mind after protests from scientists. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority then declared that it, not the Government, possessed the power to authorise such research.
The HFEA has yet to decide, however, whether it will sanction that research and is delaying a policy decision until September, after it has carried out a public consultation.
Shirley Harrison, the HFEA chairman, appeared on the Today programme last week to explain. If the public came back with a resounding “no”, John Humphrys asked, would the HFEA refuse to license the controversial research? Ms Harrison countered that the consultation did not amount to a referendum; the HFEA would not be totting up votes for and against.
There would, she added, be an opinion poll to prevent the consultation being monopolised by special interest groups; this column advocated such a poll back in January. Despite this assurance, my heart sank as I marmaladed my toast. There is only one thing guaranteed to irk the public more than a refusal to consult them – and that’s consulting them while telling them that their opinions don’t matter.

Anjana Ahuja joined The Times in 1994, and writes for times2 and the comment pages. In her Science Notebook she writes about science, medicine and technology, and their impact on society. She holds a PhD in space physics from Imperial College, London. She is currently on maternity leave.
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Elizabeth Jaimeson-- I completely agree as an American and as a mother of bi-racial half english brood of babies. I'm African American and my kiddies daddy is English love him to pieces... but I have to say the I spend more time and engery if anything on praying that they take absolutly nothing away from their american side and everything from their european side because America is completely dysfuctional.
Roslyn Campbell, London/ San Diego, UK/ USA
As an American I can't agree more, we are completely dysfuctional. As an African American married to an Englishman with a brood of bi-racial and multi-national children -- I have to laugh at the blanket stupidity that one parent would spend more or less money on a child because of its race. That is just ridiculous. All parents do the best they can, with what means they have to provide. my kids go to school with kids from all walks of like and when it comes time for magazine book drives, trips to this or that place I don't see only bi-racial children going and doing these things... its all children, spanish, asian, african and the whole like.
I love the beauty and sheer colorfulness my kids get to experience by being able to participate in life with such vast diversity.
Roslyn Campbell, London/ San Diego, UK/ USA
What knows he of England who only England knows?
Englishmen have been seeing the world for hundreds of years and having experienced what goes on in such places as Belize, Malta, Thailand and the Philippines, I can assure readers that they show no sign whatsoever of stopping. Long may it continue! The only thing holding back the ladies in the past was that for a child to be considered British, if born abroad, the father had to be British and married to them. I'm not sure that applies these days. I don't think Americans are any less restrained or less willing to "engineer an untypical domestic set-up", seeing as the associated manual labour and skills development is so much fun!
Drymartini, Reading, UK
I am mixed race and I am British. Don't take any notice of what the Americans say about race - it cannot be applied anywhere else as in my opinion when it comes to race, they are a dysfunctional nation. Personally, I am more than happy to be mixed race - I see it it as a privilege and that might just make me and others like me happier. That reader from Melbourne is so funny - the thought that our peers don't mix with us, so our parents have to compensate? Ha ha ha ha.
Elizabeth Jamieson, Southend-On-Sea, UK
The suggestion implicit in the article that all mixed race (still an okay term here in Canada as far as I know) marriages were illegal before 1967 in the US is wrong. That may have been the last year any state had such laws (probably not enforced). I lived in Manhattan at the time and interracial couples of various sorts were not that uncommon and as far as I know there were no legal issues involved.
MMN
Toronto
Mathew Negru, Toronto, anada
Regarding chimeric cells. I would remind people that DNA not only resides in the nucleus (which is being transposed) but also in the mitochondria.
All human mitochondria is inherited from the mother.
In theory, we could have turnip or marmoset DNA 'co-existing' with human DNS in cells.
Tony G, birmingham, UK
without more context the study is not interesting. e.g. is there a control for parental income? Maybe, parents simply spend more time on the children because their peers do not socialize with them.
Mark Joshi, Melbourne,
I thought the term 'mixed race' was out of fashion in the US--a tad politically incorrect. I usually hear 'biracial'.
Robin, Kansas City, MO, US
Was the study normalised for parental income? In my experience, mixed-race marriages (at least in Britain) are more common among middle class families, which is likely to skew the results somewhat.
Bob Frost, Birmingham, England
From the little I've read, the author has gaping holes in her theory. I have a mixed-race child, and I certainly do not consider her to part of an untypical family. Which begs the question, untypical to what? If the author bothered to do even a little research, the latest census figures show that biracial children (along with interracial marriage and partnerships) have skyrocketed!
Rose Sonenthal, Bellevue, WA
I'm unable to buy out the argument and reasoning elucidated, in your thought provoking write up. Why should parents of mixed race kids be doting and spending more lavishly on their kids vis a vis the kids born out of communion of homogeneous races. Do this form a generic view point, or some case specific inference. In Indian scenario, caste and religion do play an important role in deciding about the matrimonial alliances. But post marriage, parents are just parents and they aught to behave or pour their love and affection to their siblings, without any such inhibitions. On the contrary I feel, having an adopted child could bring forth the sense of parental insecurity, which might translate into upping their "parental expenditure". To camouflage their non-biological link, such parents might resort to besotting their affection and buying love through money and comforts.Every coin has two sides, let us measure its fun and flip side .Good parenting is an art not a hypothesis.
Sandy, New Delhi, India