Anjana Ahuja: Science Notebook
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Fifty-five years ago a twentysomething James Watson came to the Wellcome Trust in London hoping to gather information that would help him to elucidate the structure of DNA. Last week he returned as one of the world’s most feted scientists to open the Wellcome Collection, a fabulous jumble of medical curios, original artworks and science-themed exhibitions assembled at Henry Solomon Wellcome’s grand HQ in Euston Road. Wellcome, an American who turned a fortune by selling compressed tablets to the masses, was a somewhat perverse collector, his eye roaming from the sensual (Japanese dildos) to the sadistic (torture chairs).
Professor Watson’s has been an extraordinary life, too. His thrilling account in The Double Helix of his and Francis Crick’s race against Linus Pauling on the DNA puzzle – the book that first revealed to me that science writing could be literature – was rejected initially by publishers for being too racy (Watson chased girls – just fancy!). The joyously indiscreet memoir depicts Rosalind Franklin, whose X-ray photographs were pivotal to Watson and Crick’s eventual success, as aloof, hostile and ignorant.
So it was poignant to hear Professor Watson say, in his speech, that the decoding of the human genome should make us nicer, as well as healthier. It will, he says, afford an understanding of mental illness, inspiring compassion for those whose genomes render them less able in certain respects than others. Professor Watson has had to discover such compassion within himself; he has a son with schizophrenia. It was this that led him, this month, to become the first human being whose genome is fully sequenced and publicly available (except for a gene associated with Alzheimer’s disease; Professor Watson doesn’t want to know if he will develop it).
Given this new, softer line, I asked him whether he felt that he gave Franklin a hard time. “No,” he shrugged. “She really was awkward.” He also told the audience that Franklin “was good at maths, and mathematicians are a bit strange”. Well, I suppose one can’t be compassionate and searingly honest at the same time.
— THE revelation that Professor Watson had had his genome sequenced led me to wondering whether I would do the same. I fear that the my genome, however, is not a thing of beauty; our family history is well-stocked with cases of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. I don’t relish the prospect of learning which of these nasties may tuck me up for good.
Neither do I wish to know the genetic fate of my children – it seems intrusive (it’s their genome, not mine) and pointless, unless they are at risk of an easily correctable disease. Yet biologists are predicting that new mothers will be discharged from hospital not only with their babies, but with a smart card loaded with Junior’s genetic profile.
Isn’t the joy of life that we don’t know how things will turn out?
Anjana Ahuja joined The Times in 1994, and writes for times2 and the comment pages. In her Science Notebook she writes about science, medicine and technology, and their impact on society. She holds a PhD in space physics from Imperial College, London. She is currently on maternity leave.
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That a brilliant scientist, who, in her rather short and tragic life contributed not insignificantly to the discovery of the Double Helix (a project that has made possible the decoding of the human genome, now regarded as seminal as Gutenberg's invention of the movable printing type) can be dismissed by the good professor as 'awkward', reveals more about the sexism prevalent then among the intelligentsia than the stereotyping of the mathematician as being a strange, or eccentric creature.
Would the Nobel Prize committee revise its rule about posthumous awards and accord one to Rosalind Franklin, in recognition for her great contribution to science?
SD Goh, PJ, Malaysia
That a brilliant scientist, Rosalind Franklin, who, in her rather short and tragic life contributed not insignificantly to the discovery of the Double Helix (a project that has made possible the decoding of the human genome now regarded as seminal as Gutenberg's invention of the movable type printing) can be dismissed by the good professor as 'awkward', perhaps, reveals more about the sexism prevalent then among the intelligentsia than the stereotyping of the mathematician as being a strange, or eccentric creature.
Would the Nobel Prize committee revise its rule about posthumous awards and accord her one to recognize her important contribution?
SD Goh, PJ, Malaysia
I think we shall have to accept that there is no limit to human curiosity and that this is essential if we are to continue to exist as a species.It`s just simply the human race continuing to grow up and we shall have to take the rough with the smooth just as a child emerging from infancy
jerym eedy, caerphilly, UK
New technology and science are really acting like magic. It's a dream come true. I believe having information about one's geneome could help a lot to forsee and prevent later health problems like strokes, high blood pressure and others.Many Many thanks to researchers, scientists and inventors!
Fadhila , Sfax, Tunisia
Could this guy please make up his mind? Evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw. We are computers made of meat, slime on the edge of a planet, and devices to pass on genes - and he thinks we should be nice??!!?
Nick, Cape Town, ORSA
Let there be the essence of 'enigma in our lives , of that 'unknown something" which binds us all into human race yet is not visible to any naked eye...let there be . No matter how smart we grow and how prudent and empirical our minds be, to do DNA and Genome mapping , to understand our genetic history.....there shall always be a fabulous curiosity and awe , when a mother gives birth to a child and holds her close to her bossom. She wouldn't or rather shall n't ask the Doc...... the silliest and awkward question, whether the child truly belongs to her, and is genetically same with DNA configurations as hers'. Motherly love defies all such permutations and combinations, be it double helix , strands and genes???? For her, pure and pristine love is far and beyond the boundries of humand mind.....yet we are grateful and indebted to Prof. James Watson and his discovery of DNA and Genome mapping. It has helped the human race to understand the cause of diseases like Alzheimer's and treat it
Sandy, New Delhi, India
For a reasonably balanced view on Rosalind Franklin, see "Maurice Wilkins - The Third Man of the Double Helix: An Autobiography" ISBN-10: 019280667X
The book is not sensation-mongering, but really good science, and captures the atmosphere perfectly.
Robert H. Olley, Reading, UK
Way back in the late 1930s a young company which would be called IBM helped the German government improve the tracking of their citizens. The technology--which would become computers--was ammoral, the purpose--seeing who was desireable and which were to be erradicated--was not. It was dictated by an agenda which had nothing to do with computers.
Our DNA code is very much the same. Do we pretend that knowledge itself is evil, or the purposes to which it is used? Do we ban umbrellas--as was once done in the US because God created the rain--because thieves use them to burgle houses in the rain? I think not.
We must always take the optimistic road and realize that if our specie was so terribly evil, its doubtful that we would have gotten this far. And that technology must go hand in hand with ethics and morality. DNA offers great hope and is essental to improving out lot. Let us embrace it as such--with caveats.
James Sibal, NYC, NY, USA
Ignorance is not bliss, it's denial.
J. Rhinehart, Spartanburg, usa
We do not have the imagination to predict what amazingly benign and unspeakably evil actions will flow from humankind's possession of the genetic code.
"Gataca" is coming true.
John Tindall, Birmingham, UK
I'm not sure Insurance Companies are so daft as to move completely towards genetic testing. After all, they require many people to insure themselves against something that never hapens to cover the 1 loss. If they insist on tests, those that show a very small or no risk at all are less likely to insure themselves.
Fraser Mackie, Bromley,
Sort of like knowing the date of the day you will die. There are just some things I would rather not know about myself. Anyway, I think Professor Watsin is speaking in hopeful terms, and not necessarily with reality. In the US, there is a fear that either the government or insurance companies want the genetic information; but to what end? Are people with severe genetic diseases going to be allowed to have children? And what about diabetics, heart disease, etc? It is a human rights issue, and one that is far from being settled.
Tony Francis, Wichita, KS/USA