Anjana Ahuja: Science Notebook
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I hold no truck with Mr Science Notebook’s rebranding of Radio 4 as Radio Bore. Had I not been listening to Beyond Belief one afternoon last week – supposedly in the company of distracted mothers and dozing pensioners – I would never have known that some Islamic scholars believe an embryo to be a human being only after the 40th day. I almost dropped my Scotch pancake when a guest pronounced that it would be permissible, under Islam, to let a pregnancy progress to 40 days, then abort the foetus and harvest its tissue to treat a sick sibling. Neither was it dull to hear the same speaker suggest that embryologists should regard Muslim countries as liberal havens for research on the unborn.
Shaykh Ibrahim Mogra, from the Muslim Council of Britain, provides clarification: “We believe that on the 40th day the soul is placed in the embryo, and then it develops in its own right. But the idea that you can abort a foetus for its tissue would be controversial. Some scholars might permit it but that would be the exception rather than the rule.”

How reassuring to see the Soil Association tread the same, barren patch of ideology. It said last week, in response to the news that food additives are bad for children, that “this dramatic new evidence highlighting the link between hyperactive behaviour and the ‘cocktail’ effect of certain additives is a blow to the nonorganic, processed, food industry. . .”
But it is deceptive to argue that organic food is the only alternative. You don’t have to eat organic to avoid additives. You don’t have to eat organic to be healthy. Note the Food Standards Agency’s conclusion: “Consumers may also choose to buy organic food because they believe that it is safer and more nutritious . . . the balance of current scientific evidence does not support this view.”
Buy organic because you care for the environment and animal welfare. Don’t buy organic because you think it’s the only safe way to feed your child.

For 30 years the Voyager spacecraft have glided through space like armour-plated ballerinas, visiting previously unexplored worlds such as Neptune and Uranus. Voyager 1 now lies 10 billion miles away (the most distant man-made object from the Sun) and Voyager 2 lies eight billion miles away. It is thrilling that both are still beaming back signals charting the frontier between our Solar System and the cosmos beyond.
Will there ever be a comparable manned voyage? Only a lunatic, surely, would wish to spend three decades being hurtled to the edge of our Solar System, with no chance of return. Mars – or another planet – is a more feasible destination, but the UK has yet to sign up for manned space flight. This Wednesday at the BA Festival of Science in York, I’ll be chairing a debate on whether we benefit from space research. All – even the lunatics – are welcome.

Anjana Ahuja joined The Times in 1994, and writes for times2 and the comment pages. In her Science Notebook she writes about science, medicine and technology, and their impact on society. She holds a PhD in space physics from Imperial College, London. She is currently on maternity leave.
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It may be difficult to find a live lunatic to man a voyage to the edge of the solar system, but I'm sure someone might want to do it to get their name into the history books.
A little more likely might be a dead-manned mission into space. A volunteer would need to donate their body to science, which could be frozen and launched into deep space. The voyager crafts include diagrams of human anatomy, whereas an actual specimen would be much more interesting.
The opinions of Islamic scholars may not have any real scientific worth, I grant you, but their opinions are nevertheless important. Some areas of science today are not limited by physical and mental factors, but by moral and legal factors. There are over 2 billion members of the Islamic faith, most of whom(as far as I am aware) object to abortions/use of foetuses etc as murder. If some Islamic scholars contend that the soul is not present before 40 days(so can't be 'murdered') then this may pave the way for more legal research.
D Lorimer, Reading, England
Mestiri, AVIGNON, France,
"In Tunisia abortion is legal", Yes this is true, but Islam is illegal in Tunisa. That is a country where women have been executed for covering their hair.
France legalised abortion in Tunisa, not Islam.
Abdullah Eastwood, London, UK
Oh and we will need to overcome the health problems of weightlessness for space travel if people will be spending a few decades on the route out of the Solar System. Gravity gyms could suffice, or we may have to wait until the advent of O'Neill cylinders, or similar space craft.
Scott Lowe, Sandbach, UK
Just because it could be legal in a country abiding by Islamic law to abort a foetus after 40 days, doesn't make it any less immoral.
And yes, there will more than likely be manned space flights to the outer edge of the Solar System some day. Wouldn't you want to go down in history as the first human to leave the solar system?
Obviously it isn't going to happen for a while... maybe 100 years?
We need more knowledge of what's going on out there (why are Voyagers 1 and 2 so far off course??), and money. Unmanned space flights are so much cheaper just as effective, it's hard to justify the much greater cost of a manned flight.
Provided humanity survives long enough, it is a guarantee that we will at least try to leave the Solar System. Millions of years into the future we will need to flee Earth and the Solar System as the Sun heats up and then balloons into a Red Giant.
Scott Lowe, Sandbach, UK
about abortion and Islam.
In Tunisia abortion is legal
Mestiri, AVIGNON, France
Obviously the scholars are stating thier beliefs
âWe believe that on the 40th day the soul is placed in the embryo, and then it develops in its own right."
They are STATING their beliefs on the transofmation from an innert being to a human - THERE IS NO SCIENTIFIC PROOF EITHER WAY, but obviously they are entitled to their beliefs like members of other faiths
Terry Dell, many islamic scholars have medical qualifications - try Dr. Zakir Naik for a start.
J Ferris, Poole, Dorset
That sounds like a common though eronous "Christian" belief about when human life begins. If I remember it correctly it is 40 days males and 80 days for females or the reverse. I guess that is sensible since Islam is a split off from Christianity. That belief does not actually come from the Christian bible as the bible equates the moment of life with the presense of the spirit as is shown in the story of creation where Adam is not a living being until the Spirit enters him. I thought Islam had the same story.
kerwin, Champaign, IL
"Only a lunatic would ... hurtle to the edge of the Solar System with no chance of return." Given that some religious lunatics choose to destroy knowledge and life as they travel towards their own Rubicon, maybe some atheist believers might want to strike a moral blow for their cause by enhancing knowledge as they travel towards their Rubicon on the edges of space?
Nigel, Woking, UK
The theory of our embryo turning human on the 40th day of its formation, or procreation sounds incredible,baseless and highly superstitious. I don't challange or refute the basis of it, as suggested by the Islamic clerics and their theosophical beliefs. There aught to be some scientific basis, an in depth research before propounding or flaoating such ideas or dogmatic views. Gullible and naive minds shall unduly be influenced by it.
How come our soul, if at all it exists ???? , waits for good long 40 days to enter the human foetal body . Are our cells, DNA strands and gene structures, till first forty forty days not "human".Strangely enough, christanity don't believe in Soul-theory.
Perhaps what muslim clerics believed or suggested was, till the foetus in the embryo takes up the shape and definite structure to resemble a "homo sapien" being , it remains in a state of flux . A foetus of an animal or human being may look alike, identical and undemarcated till then. So far so good.
Witty, New Delhi, India
So-called Islamic "scholars" base their insight on the interpretation of a book consisting of nothing but gibberish. Their opinion is scientifically worthless.
ed lancey, London,
What qualifications have islamic scholars in medicine or biology?
Terry Dell, Weybridge, UK