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Never has the past mattered more to the present. Never has the hunger for historical justice been more intense. To our ancestors, the idea of holding history to account would have seemed perverse and unrealistic. Today it is a part of defining reality.
At the Hague, the Liberian warlord and former President Charles Taylor stands trial for crimes against humanity committed during the conflict in Sierra Leone. In Mississippi, a former member of the Ku Klux Klan is in the dock for killing two black men 43 years ago. In Serbia, the net tightens around Ratko Mladic, the Bosnian Serb enforcer of ethnic cleansing, a fugitive since 1995.
Among the crimes of history, starting in Babylon, the forced expulsion of people from their homes has left a particularly bitter legacy. From Kosovo to Palestine, from Armenia to East Timor to Rwanda, acid memories of displacement and expulsion poison our world. The Indian Removal policy of the 1830s stains American past. The violent displacement of ten million people during the partition of British India in 1947 still colours the present in shades of blood.
Britain, despite (or because) of her colonial past, takes a high moral line on such matters. We witness the expulsion of white Zimbabweans from their farms with horror. We recoil at the systematic attacks by Sudan’s Janjawid militia on the ethnic African populations of Darfur (while doing precious little to stop it). Earlier this year we loudly celebrated the abolition of the slave trade, the largest and cruellest forced migration in human history.
The message from our cultural masters is clear: we must apologise for Britain’s part in the evictions of the past; we must condemn such actions in the present, and if necessary (and convenient) go to war over them, as in Kosovo. Britain will not stand by as innocent people are forcibly removed from their homes.
Unless, that is, the exiles happen to be Chagos Islanders, and the expulsion is carried out by Britain, to serve American power.
Forty years ago the British Government began deporting people who had lived for generations on the remote Chagos coral archipelago in the middle of the Indian Ocean, in order to make way for a US air base. Under the terms of a secret deal, Britain had agreed to lease the largest island, Diego Garcia, to the US: the islanders were in the way. The Cold War arrived in this warm little paradise, and destroyed it.
Over the next four years the entire island population of 2,000 was pushed out by trickery and intimidation. The islanders were encouraged to take trips elsewhere and then prevented from returning. Many were dumped on the docks of Mauritius and the Seychelles with a few possessions.
Britain deployed the lie that the Chagossians were migrant labourers with no claim to these “uninhabited” islands. In fact, a thriving indigenous population had lived there since the 18th century, when African and Indian workers came to work the coconut plantations. They called themselves “Ilois”, from the creole word for island.
The bureaucrats organising this expulsion knew exactly what they were doing, and the language in the Foreign Office documents is chilling. “These people have little aptitude for anything other than growing coconuts,” wrote one official. “The object of the exercise is to get some rocks which will remain ours. There will be no indigenous population except seagulls,” wrote another.
This was not precisely ethnic cleansing, but the officials spoke of “sanitising” the island, and dismissed the inhabitants as less than human: “some few Tarzans and Man Fridays whose origins are obscure”, wrote Sir Paul Gore-Booth, permanent undersecretary at the Foreign Office.
The expulsion was one of the most shameful chapters in Britain’s postwar history, but even more scandalous is the way that the present Government has fought to prevent the islanders from returning to their homeland. In 2000, after a court ruled that the removal of the islanders had been illegal, it appeared that Robin Cook would finally allow the survivors to go home.
But then came 9/11. Diego Garcia assumed even greater military importance as a launch pad for bombing raids into Afghanistan or Iraq. Using “orders in council”, the Government invoked prerogative power to block the exiles’ return. It was argued that terrorists could use the resettled islands to launch an attack on the US base, or to monitor military flights. As an afterthought, officials claimed that that the islands were no longer habitable anyway.
This is, of course, nonsense. The islanders have already relinquished their claim to Diego Garcia, and the other islands are between 100 and 300 miles away. The archipelago is not impossible to live on, as shown by the 1,700 troops and 1,500 civilians living in comfort on Diego Garcia. Britain’s refusal to repatriate the Chagossians is simply the result of power politics and a slavish obedience to US military interests.
Last week, the court of appeal in London upheld, once more, the islanders’ right to return, and condemned the Government’s use of “orders in council” as an “abuse of power”. “The freedom to return to one’s homeland, however poor and barren the conditions of life, is one of the most fundamental liberties known to human beings,” read the decision. Yet this Government refuses to acknowledge defeat, and may still appeal to the House of Lords to overturn the verdict.
Justice for the Chagos Islanders would be a small but intensely symbolic act: it would demonstrate a willingness to stand up to the US when morality demands, and save a dwindling group of people from death in exile. It might also reduce the queasy sensation one gets whenever a minister apologises for the past, or condemns forced expulsions in the present.

Ben Macintyre is Writer at Large for The Times and contributes a regular Friday column. His earlier roles at The Times include being editor of the Weekend Review, parliamentary sketchwriter and bureau chief in Washington and Paris. He has also published a number of historical non-fiction books
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We in the UK Chagos Support Association have been trying to get the government to treat the Chagossians fairly and justly for some time. For more information visit www.chagossupport.org.uk It won't cost you anything and you can probably help - by contacting your MP and by spreading the word about their siruation.
Celia Whittaker, Leyland, Lancs
I thought when they agreed in 2000, the folks were to be alowed to return. Clearly not. Awkward with the Americans still inhabiting the air base. If they are not allowed to the main island, could the lesser islands be used in the interim, with eventual repatriation of the main island when 'hostilities' have moved elsewhere [eg the closure of several UK and mainland europe bases now no longer necessary]. In moving to the lesser islands the UK government is duty bound to provide a decent standard of life for the folks, not just 'starvation rations'.
david logan, peterhead, uk
The actions of a British government to bring about this situation and successive governments to continue to deprive these people of their homeland is unforgivable and makes me ashamed to call myself British. Give these people their home and more than generous monetary compensation which would only be thrown away on another war somewhere. How will the PM sleep at night in a three million pound home and deny them their rights, why do not the same human rights afforded to murderers,rapists, rapists and criminals apply to the Chagossians?
Every British Prime Minister that has bleated about being a friendly partner to the U.S. should reassess the phrase kow-tow.
R.F.Ruth, Brentwood,, Essex.
This issue does not get enough attention. There was acres of coverage over whether the government should apologise for slavery - something from which no one alive today suffered and for which no one alive is responsible. Yet this government persists in upholding an injustice against some of its most vulnerable subjects - an outrage in which both the victims and some of the members of the then government are still alive. The government should be ashamed of how it abused the royal prerogative to overturn their court loss, and pay recompense on top of letting them return. So they now have the right to live here, the govt claims - would anyone settle for living in a completely different land, thousands of miles from their home?
Duncan Sutherland, London,
This shameful act does indeed form a blot on our national reputation and character. The sooner the decision is reversed and the islanders allowed to return home the better.
Richard Ellis, London, United Kingdom
I was born and lived the Island of Mauritius formany many years. And I can tell you that that the Chagos people are one of the poorest people of the country. They gave so much of what they had to fight in courts against Britain to be able to get back to their Island. From my standpoint, British and American just want power to control the Indian Ocean. The petrol is just a little way up. They do not care a damn about the Chagos natives.
NN, Louisville, KY
Not only should we be letting these people go back to their home but we should be bracking our backs to give them what ever technology they need to sustain their lifes on their island. It's a national disgrace that we are letting our government get away with this. Maybe once Blur's gone Brown will let his much boasted about 'moral compass' set things right. But I'm not holding my breath.
Susan, Barry, S Wales
It is time for the Queen to rescind the order made in her name to expell the islanders. She has a personal responsibility towards her subjects, and a duty to protect them from abusive powers.
I believe she can and should direct that this matter be passed to parliament or the courts and that the Royal Perogative used on this matter be cancelled.
If parliament decides that the expulsion is required, then they can pass a formal act in its support. Otherwise, let the rule of law be upheld and the government must follow the courts decisions.
Let us not forget that the subject matter may have little interest to the majority of citizens, but the underlying principle of a government obeying a legal decision handed down by a court is what this is now about. That is a matter that affects the everyday lives of all who live in the United Kingdom, now and in the future.
Jonathan Mills, Brighton,
Whilst fairness and justice for the Chagos islanders should be the overriding objective, possibly the most distasteful aspect of the matter could be the possibility that the apparent reluctance to rule in their favour might be an entrenched notion that actions which can be seen in retrospect to have been possibly misguided must at all costs be defended to avoid loss of face.
The irony is that attempts to cover up in this way ultimately cause far greater loss of credibility than a simple apology and appropriate compensation.
dr venables preller, Warminster, UK
my mother was station on Diego Garcia in the early 90s when she was in the navy. she told me quite a bit about the island, but this never came up. ive also never heard mention of it in any other history realted document. it is utteroly deplorable what the US will do(with or without someone to do the actual dirty work) in the name of 'protection'. i see it as no more than a hitler light version of removing what is in your way. give the island back to the people it belongs to, and practice a little of what you so loudly preach as a country.
Amber Evans, Seattle, WA, USA
So, here we have it. Proof, if that were needed that successive British Governments have cow-towed to US demands.
I like the reference to the Zimbabwe state of affairs; what is happening there is, effectively, a form of ethnic cleansing. Yes, the original white incomers were "settlers". However, they developed an otherwise undeveloped country. Their motives for so doing are varied: Creating a new life; building farms to plant crops like wheat, maize, tobacco - for the purpose of both self support and making money through exports. Nothing immorral about these.
Some of the few white people remaining in Zimbabwe are third generation Rhodesians. Their forefathers created that country through their own determination and toil.
Do the British Government give a damn about the destruction of this once self-sufficient and vibrant country?
Not really.
Odd that ... Zimbabwe has no oil. Or, perhaps, that is the point!
Tony J, , Swanage, UK
There is a somewhat similar case in Greenland in which a group of Innuit tribesmen are attempting to reclaim some of their land which has been used as a U.S. military base since the 1940's- The case has been held up in the courts in Denmark for the past few years- Some who are familiar with this case predict that whatever the decision of the Danish government, the decision will likely be challenged by the losing party at the next level of legislatie body, one of the courts of either the court of the European Union, the United Nations or NATO. It will be interesting to see how these cases progress-
Scott Benowitz, Rye, New York, U.S.A.
In Canada, a solution for complaints brought by aboriginal peoples is sometimes expedited by the noble appeal to "the honour of the Crown". To think that such an injustice could have been done to the Chagos Islanders by repeated orders-in-council approved by Her Majesty the Queen on the advice of ministers who are sworn first to maintain her honour, not the foreign policy of the United States, is a scandal. I hope the Chagos Islanders will be restored to their patrimony, as British courts have repeatedly declared is their right.
Richard Toporoski, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada