Ben Macintyre
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Here is the plot of a classic misery memoir. A psychotic woman with cannibalistic tendencies lures two abandoned and hungry waifs into her isolated home (made of unconventional building materials) with the offer of sweets, then kidnaps them.
The girl child is cruelly enslaved, while the boy is locked in a specially designed cell and fed artery-clogging foods. At the climax of the story, the children murder their captor, immolate her body, steal her jewellery and run away, to live happily ever after with their father on a sugar-free diet.
Hansel and Gretel has been enjoyed by children (and adults) for about 200 years, but at what age are the little darlings old enough to be exposed to this terrifying story of child abuse, murder and gingerbread architecture? Five? Ten? Sixteen? Never?
Attaching a specific reading age to children’s literature is virtually impossible, but that is what British publishers now intend to do: the five biggest publishers have agreed, from next year, to print children’s books with age-guidance labels on the back: 5+, 7+, 9+, 11+ and 13+.
This has outraged many children’s authors, including Philip Pullman and Jacqueline Wilson, who rightly point out that, far from encouraging child literacy and boosting sales, age-banding is likely to have precisely the opposite effect.
As I can attest from watching three children progress, unpredictably, from I Want My Potty, through Wibbly Pig all the way to The Catcher in the Rye, they flatly decline to read what you want them to read at the age that you expect them to read it.
I was a slow reader: then, at about the age of 14, I began consuming Russian novels - largely, I seem to recall, because the Penguin Classics covers gave one a certain cachet on the bus home. But alongside Turgenev and Tolstoy, I continued to read Tintin. Only children can determine precisely whether a book is too old or too young for them, and there is one very simple way for an adult to tell if this is the case: the child stops reading it. As a parent, the best tactic to encourage reading is to offer as much choice as possible and not to complain when they don’t like Winnie-the-Pooh as much as you did (do).
Reading habits are a matter not of age or chronology but of maturity and evolving tastes. Attaching age labels to any sort of literature seems oddly arbitrary, particularly when applied to adult literature. Anna Karenina, strictly for the middle-aged and depressed? Anything by Jane Austen, 12+, 25+ or 93+? And if Harry Potter is for children of a specific age, should the millions of adults who enjoy the books read something else?
Instead of expanding children’s reading, the use of age labels willsurely serve to make them more self-conscious of their reading age, and therefore limited in their choices.
No child will want to be seen reading a book that is classified as younger then they are, even though they might derive great pleasure from it, and develop the reading habit from tackling simpler books first. Unconfident readers will be unwilling to stray from their age bracket into more challenging fare, while keen readers may be artificially held back.
The publishers claim that age-banding will make it easier for parents to make informed choices about which books to buy for their children, but in reality the publishing industry already has a sophisticated visual language to show what a book may contain - an amalgam of cover design, typography, illustrations and jacket blurb. And bookshops already tend to stack books broadly by age range, which enables children - and adults - to browse across age ranges.
You should not judge a book by its cover, but the cover is still a better way to judge it than an age label. When age banding starts, those numbers, rather than any of the other more subtle qualities of a book, are likely to become the determining factor for both parents and children.
The move towards age banding is another reflection of the power of the supermarkets in publishing. Putting an age on a book may be a canny bit of marketing, but it also imposes the literary equivalent of a sell-by date: children coming to a book after that age (or before it) will inevitably turn up their noses.
Well-intentioned adults have always worried about the effects of unsuitable literature on impressionable young minds. In 1570 the author of The Schoolmaster declared that Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur would pollute the minds of young men, presumably by encouraging them to go around smiting their enemies and hunting for the Holy Grail. Modern children’s books explore themes of sexuality, violence, religion and death that some adults find shocking. But some children are ready to address these issues at a far earlier age than others; the judgment of precisely when a child is mature enough for more sophisticated reading is one to be made by parents and children, not publishers.
Surely it is better to absorb and try to understand the dark and complex aspects of growing up through J. D. Salinger or Jacqueline Wilson than through the stark imagery of television, film or internet.
Parents’ bafflement when faced with the choice of children’s books is understandable, but this should be a cause for rejoicing, not hand-wringing, for the range of children’s books is incomparably broader and richer than it was a generation ago, packed with humour, drama and character, a world away from the sentimentality and moralising of children’s literature in the past.
The best modern children’s books appeal not only to children across all ages but also adults. There is only one fail-safe way for a parent to know that a book is right for their child, and that is to read it, and enjoy it - for some children’s stories, from Hansel and Gretel to Harry Potter, are ageless.

Ben Macintyre is Writer at Large for The Times and contributes a regular Friday column. His earlier roles at The Times include being editor of the Weekend Review, parliamentary sketchwriter and bureau chief in Washington and Paris. He has also published a number of historical non-fiction books
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I agree that age-banding books is misguided at best and dangerous at worst. I am the librarian in a comp school of nearly 1500 pupils with ages ranging from 11 to 19. I will be placing a large sticker over any age-banded books that I buy from these publishers. Let the Kids decide what they read!
Stephen Bull, Sherborne, UK
This is really an exceptionally bad idea. When my children were small I really enjoyed looking through the books available and read all of them before presentation. We had wonderful opportunities to discuss many books. I knew my children's interests and abilities far better than any publisher.
Barbara Uram, Butler, USA
As a coda to my earlier posting, HarperCollins has agreed NOT to age band my work. So it would appear that the plan is no fait accompli, and I would urge authors and illustrators that feel themselves to be abused to write to their publishers and decline to accept the imposition.
Alan Garner, Blackden, UK
If 'Alan Garner ' as quoted in the comments is the same Alan Garner that wrote The Weirdstone of Brisingamen, and its sequel, The Moon of Gomrath, then he is to be listened to, as a superb writer of excellent books. Nominally for children, I enjoyed the books as an adult; what age banding for them?
SusiQ, Melbourne, Australia
When I was 13 years old I read Nabokov's LOLITA and Carroll's THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS, both for the first time, in the same week, and liked them equally well. I feel strongly that kids should be allowed to read whatever interests them, and be prepared to discuss it with their parents if asked.
Steve Hoffmann, Redondo Beach, CA, USA
As a coda to the earlier posting I can report that HarperCollins have agreed not to impose age banding on any of my work.
Alan Garner, Blackden, UK
I am in complete agreement with the article. Parents do not need to be baffled by children's books. If they know their child, they can tell whether the book is suitable from the blurb and by skimming through the pages. They can take an interest and read book reviews.
Jenny, Reading.,
Parents may be baffled when choosing books for children, but when I was a kid I wasn't baffled by the choice at all! Kids know what they want to read, and they should be given free reign in this matter.
Zoya, Cambridge,
Having just spent 2 hours searching for a book on the facts of life for my 10 year old, I think an age guide would be useful as I have no idea which is appropriate for his age group, some too graphic and overly technical for a 10 year old -but not on ordinary reading matter - thats ridiculous!
Babs, Leeds, Yorks
i am a native student from Bangladesh. as a student of english department, i needed a great deal of confidence to go through books that were found difficult enough to comprehend, for which i changed my tactics and read Shidney at first---that brought me confidence thus made me a vociferous reader.
Nasih Ul Wadud Alam( Paolo), Dhaka, Bangladesh
I started reading Orwell at 12 or 13. My wife, a Year 6 teacher, has also introduced me to some wonderful modern 'children's' books which I've happily read on the tube. Publishers should not discourage people from reading what they fancy - only by experimenting can we establish our preferences.
Matt, London,
This is one of the best articles on this subject that I've seen. Thank you, Ben. I couldn't agree more. There are now more than 700 names on www. notoagebanding.org so other writers are also in the struggle. And librarians, teachers and a fair number of booksellers, too!
adele geras, Manchester,
A brief history of my reading odyssey:
Age 3: Dr. Seuss
Age 4: Ladybird
Age 7: Tintin
Age 13: Fantasy (elves etc.)
Age 15: Playboy, Club, Mayfair
Age 19: Tolstoi, Leskov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Solzhenitsyn, Dostoevskii, Herzen, Chernishevskii
Age 26: Tintin
Age 31: Mr.Men
Gryff de Schulenburg, London, UK
The age-banding scheme is NOT a system of censorship, it is simply to help people choosing books for children, following research by the publishers which shows that this is actually what buyers want. Please think of the many parents for whom bookshops and libraries are intimidating!
E Barnes , Santa Barbara, USA
If an adult cannot tell by flicking through a few pages of the book how appropriate it is for the intended recipient, then they obviously don't know the child well enough. In that case they should buy them a book token and let them choose their own book.
Frankie, Shetland,
I write fiction that is generally read by readers aged 11 or so, but I would honestly have no idea what age range to put on my covers. I was astonished to meet some readers aged 7 who had enjoyed my first novel, and similarly when an 18-year-old reader got in touch. Age-ranging is, simply, silly.
Nick Green, Hertford, UK
I am a school librarian and am in complete agreement with this article. I read a lot of childrens' literature and enojy it on many levels - age banding is far too simplistic a classification. Well done to Alan Garner and Philip Pullman for taking a stand - hope others will follow.
Hilary, Holywood, Northern Ireland
It would be a travesty if Alan Garner's fabulous work is age-banded - HarperCollins should take heed
James, Basildon,
Ben's article mirrors my experience of children's reading in my work as a school librarian. I shall be getting the black marker pen out and obliterating all reference to age on all novels arriving at my library!
Nicola McNee, Bath, UK
When I was 11 my local library decided that only people with "adult" library tickets could borrow "adult" books. So no Agatha Christie, Jane Austin or even GCSE set texts until after the age of 16.
Abi, Stroud, UK
Quite right - its a dreadful idea, and one which will harm both the precocious and, more worryingly the those with reading difficulties .
I applaud those authors who have asked that their works be excused this misguided pigeon holing
edward green, upminster,
Its stupid, DO NOT PUT AGE guide bands on books as it will as the article suggests, actually discourage young readers.
Dave Andrews, Glasgow, UK
Age banding will not address the problem of individual preferences when adults are buying books for children. It won't help me either if I buy one of the many excellent books intended for teenagers for my own consumption (Pullman's work is a good example). Brown paper covers will be required!
Bill Q, Derby,
They did this in my school library, and I was regularly reprimanded for borrowing books that were 'beyond my age'. The books for my age were just dull and extremely simple (yes, I was a smart boy). Only when a teacher who knew me personally intervened, the library allowed me to take these books home
steven, london,
Age banding is a practice that insults both book and reader, and attacks the root of literature. The shift from prescriptive to proscriptive is that of a single vowel.
Philip Pullman objected to his publisher, Scholastic, and they agreed not to impose age banding on him. I have formally asked my publisher, HarperCollins, to extend the same courtesy to my work that Scholastic has shown to Philip Pullmans.
Alan Garner.
Alan Garner, Blackden, UK
"Parents bafflement when faced with the choice of childrens books is understandable"
As you go on to say - they wouldn't be so baffled if they took more of an interest!
I always have and still do read books for all ages, suitable and unsuitable. Seem to have survived ...
Jane Wickenden, Wincanton, UK