Bronwen Maddox: World Briefing
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Europe is heading for the worst of all worlds in its high-minded determination to press ahead with Galileo, the satellite navigation system that it believes should rival the US Global Positioning System.
The European Union is paying too much (of taxpayers’ money) for an overcomplicated system that doesn’t yet work, in which private companies have refused to take part, and which may be overtaken by its rivals before it starts. In the deal thrashed out last week, and to be confirmed on Thursday, it is dividing the enterprise into six, not for reasons of engineering or competitiveness, but simply so that a slice can go to each of the main donors (one might as well use the vocabulary of development aid, as that is what the project is).
In conception, Galileo was not a disaster. It was sensible to think of developing a rival to the US system, given that the normal commercial dangers of losing that competition were always there. The best that can be said is that it has already prompted the US to improve GPS. But the EU’s decisions display its least commercial reflexes.
Galileo is a plan for a network of satellites to help those on the ground – from ordinary people, to commercial and military users – pinpoint exactly where they are. It arose out of a loose conviction among some EU countries that they would prefer not to rely on the GPS – devised for the US military, still its primary user. American retains the right to reduce or scramble the signal.
The plan is for Galileo to have a network of 30 satellites by 2013, beaming radio signals to receivers on the ground. Its advocates boast that it will be more precise than GPS – specifying position to the nearest metre, rather than 5 metres – and will fill gaps in coverage in far northern Europe. That’s the idea. But only one satellite has been launched, in 2005. Another, last year, short-circuited before launch. Critics say that the advantages over an updated GPS are illusory, and that Russia and China are also developing their versions.
Meanwhile, rows about funding have got worse. The original idea in 2003 was that eight private companies, including Britain’s Inmarsat, would share the work and meet two thirds of the total cost, thought to be at least €3.4 billion (£963 million) – taxpayers have already supplied €1 billion. But the group disagreed on how to divide the work, and how to share the risk with the EU.
The latest plan is that EU taxpayers will pay for it all – at least €2.4 billion more, although costs have risen at every stage. After all-day talks on Friday, EU members agreed to use leftover bits of the farming budget and some spare science and technology funds, to cover the shortfall. The deal is due to be agreed formally on Thursday in Brussels, at a meeting of transport ministers, for agreement in the budget on December 3, and formal approval at the next EU summit on December 14. If at any stage the deal falls apart, Galileo may be scrapped.
Britain and the Netherlands have insisted that taking unused funds from elsewhere should not set a precedent, and Germany that the work will be split into six, to help its companies to get a share.
The best option for Galileo would have been to get a simple version running and gradually to make it more sophisticated if demand warranted. By trying to fashion the world’s best system, the EU has bought one that has. literally, failed to get off the ground. It has not yet demonstrated that Galileo’s rescue is the best use of unspent funds.
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For all the people who believe Galileo isn't needed, I hope they find themselves on a collision course with something as massive as possible because their trusty GPS receiver broke down...
Note: Redundancy is a good thing when it's important to know where you are. Relying on one single system has a name in that context: suicidal stupidity.
Oliver H., Hamburg, Germany
A simplified Galileo was discussed, but was rejected as a poor option. The accuracy of Galieo will be achieved by monitoring all the satellites and telling the users exactly where they are. This can only be done accurately if there is a full constellation of satellites and a complete array of ground monitoring stations.
The concept is not new but has already been proven by ESA with EGNOS, which measures GPS orbits (see http://www.esa.int/esaNA/egnos.html).
The single test satellite is not of value as a navigation device but was launched to test basic technology, especially the rubidium atomic clocks, and to establish use of the radio frequency spectrum.
Simon E. Dinwiddy, Bishops Stortford, Herts., UK
Maybe they should instead invest in a full set of A to Z's
Seriously though, $2.4 billion isnt that much when you take into account that the EU is the worlds largest economic superpower
It's pocket change.
Phill , The Wirral, England
I still fail to see why this is an issue. The U.S. system is available and for all practical purposes free to the world. Why would someone want to duplicate the system at such expense to the taxpayers for, from what I can tell, that the U.S. might happen to shut it off at some point. Lets look at that argument for a second. Why would we do that? Military reasons right? Well since the GPS inception the U.S. has fought two major conflicts in Iraq and smaller regional interventions in Haiti, Panama, Grenada, Kosovo, and Somalia. Was it ever shut off? No! And lets face it. If it ever had to be....then we as a planet would have a lot more to worry about than finding, and blowing the dust off, a map! Save your money folks. This one is on "U.S."
Murph, Madisonville, USA/KY
Reminds me of the Concorde: advanced, World-beating, commercially useless. You would think people would learn from their mistakes, wouldn't you?
Frederick Davies, Oxford, UK
I am eurosceptic and yet I think that the idea was not stupid (are the Chinese and the Russians stupid ?).
Pierre, Coutances, Caen
I just loved some of the preceding comments, which seem to claim that the reason the Galileo project is floundering is all the USA's fault. How typical of the Europhiles. Most of us however, are not at all surprised that a fanciful project specified by European bureaucrats and paid for by sucker taxpayers is failing. Not all will be lost however. I'm sure that a large number of Eurosnouts are stuck in the trough and will continue to be so.
Tam Earl-Aine, Cheltenham,
Galileo has suffered from a number of conflicts. First, there is no agreed objective as each participating state wants a subtly different outcome. Second, the money spent on the project is subject to 'just retour' whereby each state has to spend what it puts in, regardless of national capability. Third, European institutions have seen the programme as a way of developing a supranational infrastructure at the expense of national interests. Unless these conflicts can be resolved Galileo is doomed to drift on and on which is a pity as there is a very good case for European system complementing the US GPS by adding reliability and redundancy for the benefit of all users.
Andy Lovett, Northwood, UK
Don't be fooled: the main purpose of Galileo is surveillance, in particular of all vehicle movements in the Evil Union.
But what benefits! No more need for ugly speed cameras - get enough penalty points to lose your licence in 15 minutes, without even realising. And surely the potential for fines (and bribes?) will quickly put the system into profit?
Of course, as with British CCTV systems, all the watchers will be of impeccable character, so if you have nothing to hide...
Surely you are not saying that you have something to hide, Comrade?
Alec in France, Aude, France
The author forgets that Galileo as originally designed was much superior to the US system and, through fierce political pressure from the US, was reduced to only a semi-useful fragment of its former self. In the end, it likely wasn't worth the doing. Too bad. Another case of US bullying to remain 'king of the hill.'
Larry Romanoff, Shanghai, China
Sir,
you're perfectly right at suggesting that for a program that was supposed to be operational in 2008, the 3.4 billions Euro decision of December 2007 may appear as a quite expensive "Face Saving" move from the EU.
However, it would be fair to mention that this failure can be seen as one the most prominent success of the british diplomacy in its continuous attempt to derail any european initiative that could put at risk the very special relationship between US and UK . Indeed, the initial Galileo purpose to get rid of US military "information dominance" was part of a political vision for Europe that has been systematically opposed by Britsh establishment . To this regard, the subtle strategy of British diplomacy, administrations and firms to engage the Galileo project into as many deadlock as possible would provide enough matters for a dedicated book.
Best regards,
Nussli, Toulouse, France
It's an EU project. Our money being spent inefficiently by unelected, undemocratic bureaucrats on things that no one wants or needs. How do you get on this gravy train?
Bob Reeve, Brighton,