Bronwen Maddox, Chief Foreign Commentator
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Unfortunately, the sudden dismissal of Pakistan’s national security chief is not a sign of progress in the tense talks with India over the Mumbai terror attacks. It is more a sign of the disarray of Pakistan’s Government.
That goes beyond personalities (although they are huge, and all too relevant). It goes to the heart of Pakistan’s Constitution, which never made clear enough whether the President or Prime Minister was in charge, and which has not recovered from its remodelling by former President Musharraf.
The Indian Government, now with apparently firm proof that the one captured gunman was Pakistani, can be excused fury and frustration at its counterpart’s slow-moving vagueness in response. India is entirely justified in calling on Pakistan to do more to crack down on Islamic militants and their sympathisers inside the security services, and to urge the US and others to pile on the pressure too.
But Islamabad’s lack of coherent response is better interpreted as deep dysfunction, not malice. It is easy (and right) for India to criticise; the harder question is how to help its neighbour, in the next few crucial years, to shut the door on the radicalism that is eroding the few solid pillars of the country.
Pakistan is not a failed state, but it is an unfinished country, with two long borders in dispute, an economy undeveloped because of the block on trade with its giant neighbour, and a Constitution tugged into tatters by the rival claims of presidents, prime ministers, army chiefs and judges.
Those points – the Afghan and Kashmir borders, trade and the most basic institutions – need urgent international attention. The US will play the most important role, and behind that, Britain. It would help if India threw its weight into the search for solutions too.
The best development since the attacks of November 26 has been the tacit determination of the Indian and Pakistani governments not to turn this into war. There has been restraint on the Indian side, and realism, not demanding that Islamabad guarantees an end to all terrorism when it obviously can’t. There have been professions of willingness to help from Pakistan’s President Zardari.
But clear signs point to the hand of Pakistani terror groups, particularly Lashkar-e-Taiba. After Islamabad admitted this week that Mohammed Ajmal Kasab, the captured gunman, had Pakistani nationality, Yousaf Gilani, the Prime Minister, dismissed Mehmood Ali Durrani as National Security Adviser. A rapid response, indicating that Pakistan was treating the matter seriously, you might think. But it is more indicative of Gilani’s desire to flex his muscles, in the scrappy battle with Zardari over who runs Pakistan. Durrani was a Zardari appointment, favoured because he had helped him and his late wife, Benazir Bhutto, to make contacts in the US. Gilani, it is said, felt that Durrani was not treating him with respect, not even going through the motions of keeping him informed.
Under Pakistan’s constitution, the Prime Minister is the executive. But the huge powers that Musharraf seized and bolted on to the presidency muddied a division of powers that was already much less clear cut than in countries that work well.
Zardari’s weakness, as an accidental President, stumbling into the role after the assassination of Bhutto in December 2007, has only fuelled the tussle. Ministerial meetings now happen only in response to one crisis after another; the rhythm of regular government has vanished.
The vacuum in Islamabad has led to incoherent responses to the Mumbai crisis, the President and Prime Minister apparently unaware or indifferent to the impact of a delay in responding. India should be credited for its patience. But the muddled, occasionally offensive signals from Islamabad are a symptom of the same problem as the attacks themselves: Pakistan’s own frozen development.
India wins against its rival on any competition you can devise, from wealth to health to military strength. India’s rise, and Pakistan’s slide, means that they have outgrown their old symmetrical stand-off, once dubbed “the best of enemies”. India needs to decide whether it will reconsider concessions it once found unthinkable, on trade, and even on international mediation on Kashmir.
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Jaber & Malik have spoken for a minority of Pakistanis, I hope. Their sense of Atomic/Islamic pride vs India's poverty amidst much progress is hardle the point. The Islamic Rep is being torn apart from within. All the years of running with hare & hunting with the hound, is roosting in Pakistan.
Nirvan, Pollachi, India
No one accused Bronwen Maddox of being impartial and even-handed between India and Pakistan.
V.C. Bhutani, Delhi, India
Pakistan has nuclear arsenal, its not only worry for India but for whole world.I only hope that Pakistan government would be successful in protecting its nuclear arsenal from terrorists.otherwise worst may happen in the world
Raj , Bangalore, India
India is no America and Pakistan is no Afghanistan. Their nuclear arsenal is far behind Pakistan's in sophistication and they have 75% population earning less than 2$ a day. Dont pretend to be a super power. You are far from it. Their record on treatment of minorities is worse than Pakistan.
Jaber Malik, Woking, England
USA dont have proof yet.they attacked Afghanistan..useless, attacked Iraq useless.. because they dont had patience, world is in danger,a great danger economically,socially,militants, who were so called heroes of century. In Indo-Pak case patience is going to win battle, build trust move forward.
Khurram, Karachi, Pakistan
we have to develope piece.have to minimize blame game.
khalid , Karachi, Pakistan
It is about time that the two countries realise that they could both benifit from co-existing with each other.We have to commend India for showing extra-ordinary restraint after Mumbai episode. A lot of Indians blamed lack of security as much as the act of terror. Next time it may be different!!
bharat baxi, sacramento, usa
Pakistan is a nuclear state and the ruling govenrnment is so weak that there is a great danger of millitants getting control of nuclear weapons. If US & UK believes that Pakistan is source of world terrorism, why not they join hands with India for joint action than just giving fruitless warnings?
Nimish Patgaonkar, Mumbai, India
I m not sure if India has made any real progress in comparision to Pakistan..if you consider millions of people living under the poverty line...several armed resistence movements and fanatic hindus killing christains/muslims whenever they can.
Its all cosmetic...made up
ALI, NOTTINGHAM, UK
Would you try to give the same advice to Israel? No? huh....I thought so.
Mumbaikar
Mumbaikar, Boston , USA
It's easy to urge India to be patient but does that mean India has to wait till Pakistan settles it's political differences?? Pakistan's political history shows that's going to be nowhere soon.
India have been a victim of Sponsored terrorism for decades and Pakistan a safe heaven for terrorists.
Mohan, Montreal, Canada
India should apologise to Pakistan for not having a third cheek to be slapped ( the other two have been slapped already).
Shib Das, Guangzhou, China
It's high time the whole world realize how terrorism is deeply rooted in Pakistan and act instead of urging India to be patient.
India has been patient for decades but the problem still persists. when any western countries cannot tolerate and be patient on terrorism why should India be??
Mohan, Montreal, Canada
yes well done oh gopal
bradley, manchester, uk
How many times can anyone be patient, seeing their neighbor's trash spill into their house? And the neighbor keeps denying it with no measure in sight to stop the crap. Patience is probably a western principle meant for everyone else to follow.
Naveen, NYC,
Mumbai attack is a serious caution to the world.
now the whole world sees that there are well organized terrorist groups running in Pakistan soil.
how do we say tomorrow they will not attack other countries AAA,BBB,CCC..?
it is not only a problem to India, it is a problem to the world.
Mr.green, Dallas, USA
Pakistan can never be a secular democracy. The official name is Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Islam and Republic never go together. Or for that matter any religion and republic never go together. Religion should be strictly kept within the four walls of your house and the four walls of the temple
Raghav, Austin,
Were Americans patient after 9/11, were people in the UK willing to make 'concessions' after the London bombings ?
India is a democracy and its people want the those guilty of terrorism caught and punished. The ball is totally in Pakistan's court !
FYI Pak is already in the top 10 failed states.
Vikram, Burnaby, Canada
There is so much of factual evidence & proof, Pak authorities are either trying to be blind or just too scared to accept the facts. Many helpless Hindus, Indian Muslims, Jews, Yanks, Brits & other nationalities were massacred. Pak must help victims of this atrocity to justice & closure.
Pushpa, Brisbane, Australia
This is an indian article and of course indians folks are so proud to be indian that they simply dont see any problem in india. Let me remind everyone, india is no super in any way. look at the history Muslim ruled sub-continent for almost one thousand year. And Inshallah muslims will do it again!
Khan Gul, Morgan Town, USA
1. India's rise will have to be inclusive of all South-Asian (SA) neighbours. Inter-school/college quizzes, sports.. events would help restore trust. 2. Armed radicals have to be dealt with in SA.
Message in the next five-or-so years from India: We do care for your welfare, trust us, we'll be there.
Ram, London, United Kingdom
It has become a cliche for every journalist to draw the historical timeline stopping with ISI creating this and that outfit. It would be credible to delve a little further back in history and state that many of these jihadi outfits were created by ISI for the convenience of USA to fight the Soviets.
Amjad Shah, Solihull, UK
why was not the US patient with the then Taliban Afghanistan and Iraq?
Praveen Raj, Bangalore, India
A great intelligent article, taking a realistic approach, to the extremely complex situation in Pakistan, it's clear Pakistan is shifting it's tact on extremism, and terrorism, as the general public in Pakistan is somewhat secular as evidance from the secular government the people elected.
Rahoon , Leeds, England
Its nice to appeal to India's generosity and request more concessions.
How about American culpability? Billions of dollars being pumped into Pakistan that are directly and indirectly being used to undermine India? That is the real issue.
gopal, California, USA