Camilla Cavendish
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Childbirth has leapt from the outer reaches of the NHS, where I and many other mothers have laboured in what I can only describe as the Dark Ages, on to centre stage. Ten ministers have broken ranks to campaign against the closure of maternity units in their constituencies. Patient groups are lining up to highlight the risks of longer travel times to fewer regional centres. The Tories are calling the moves “a desperate bid to save money” — although it used to be Tory policy that thrift was a good thing. It is, frankly, confusing.
Are these threatened maternity units as god-awful as the ones that I and my friends have suffered in? In which case, should we rue their demise? Will they be replaced by the warm, cosy corners evoked on Tuesday by the Government’s maternity czar (I kid you not), who offered a rosy vision of home births and small, midwife-led centres nestling alongside larger, regional centres with consultants 24/7? It is hard to say, since her report was almost entirely data-free. She also refused to say what distance between home and hospital was considered safe. Ivan Lewis, the minister responsible, did not even turn up to the launch of Sheila Shribman’s report. He, of course, has also been campaigning to save maternity units in his constituency.
If the minister is not convinced, should we be? The consensus that all closures are bad is almost certainly wrong. But government really has to do better in selling them to us. Announcing closures soon after trusts went into debt was bound to convince campaigners that the first was a consequence of the second, although it was not.
The plans for larger units are being driven partly by neonatal paediatricians who want to increase the survival rates of sick babies. In Manchester, they hope to save up to 30 lives a year by reducing the number of units in the city. In Nottingham, consultants want to merge two units that are only five miles apart, because they feel that they cannot provide adequate neonatal care if they are spread across two sites.
There is a logic to this. Consultant time is fixed. Junior-doctor time has been severely limited by the Working Time Directive. Consultants want trainees to be trainees, not amateur stand-ins. You can make better use of doctor time at delivery if you make patients travel farther. Several doctors have assured me that a longer journey rarely affects the outcome, because few deliveries are that quick. But it would be nice to know what the consensus is about how far is too far. We could have one unit treating all 722,000 births a year. But we don’t. So where do you stop?
Other doctors say that we have already gone too far: Britain already has the largest and most centralised maternity units in Europe. The largest French unit handles about 4,000 births a year, and the largest in Germany 3,000. Each of the units that would be merged in Leeds and Nottingham are already considerably larger. A report by the think-tank Reform in 2005 found no evidence that larger units were safer. Reform also pointed out that maternity care now generates more than half of all negligence claims against the NHS. Most are allegations that brain damage or birth defects were caused by mistakes at delivery. The bill is potentially enormous, up to £4 billion. That is eight times the size of last year’s deficit.
It seems to me that there is a simpler argument in favour of larger centres. This is the need to bring more women closer to doctors who are actually available. Only about 60 per cent of women now achieve a normal birth. About a quarter end up having a Caesarean and the rest need forceps or ventouse deliveries. All of these require a doctor. It is impossible to predict which births are going to be tricky. As new mothers get older, it is frankly meaningless to offer them a “choice” of home births and midwife-led centres. The reality is that fewer and fewer clinicians will let them make that choice.
Dr Shribman’s vision of 24-hour consultant care is a myth. Even the biggest units have consultants on site for less than half the time. But maximising access to a doctor during delivery — the time when most women are at greater risk than at any other time in their lives — is surely a sane objective. My first child was born at a weekend when the doctor arrived only after the midwives had had me pushing for an hour and a half. He said it was too early and was putting the baby at risk. Only three days ago one friend was told that she was not in true labour and did not need a bed, when in fact she was fully dilated. The stories are endless. Many of us who expected a normal delivery ended up relieved to see the operating table, because it was the first time we felt we were in the hands of a professional.
Midwives are the weak link that no one wants to talk about. When there are 10,000 midwife vacancies, when 60 per cent of those who do work are part-time, some cannot even spot a woman in labour, let alone provide the one-to-one support that controlled trials have shown can significantly reduce adverse outcomes. And when so many are patronising or panicked, the effect can be disastrous. One reason that the number of Caesareans is so high is because so many women become terrified by the feeling that no one is in charge. It stalls their labour.
Ministers are talking about efficiency. Mothers are talking about feeling safe. Right now, we do not. We need far more good midwives. We need to know how far is too far to travel, so that we can distinguish between what is inconvenient and what is life-threatening. We need a minister making the arguments, not a community paediatrician masquerading as a “maternity czar”.
If we had that, then frankly the proposed closure of 14 out of 282 maternity units might not have become such a controversial issue.

Camilla Cavendish has been a McKinsey management consultant, an aid worker, and CEO of a not-for-profit company. She is now a leader writer and columnist on The Times
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Hi
I had a premature delivery in a hospital and had wonderful 1 to 1 midwife care, granted the midwife who took over at night nearly had me in for a emergancy c-section the senior on duty that night ensured i avoided this and had a unaided delivery succesfully with my now 13mth old son!
i couldnt fault the care there, the only time drs were present were to induce a slowed down labour by yes some dr in another hospital, this neednt have been done but it wasnt a midwife, but a Dr!!!
I felt safe in the hands of the midwife who looked after me and my family throughout the day as she was friendly and never left the room unless to get advice or somethin i had asked for.....
I cannot fault it, and i dont beleive midwives are the weak link at all, some are not as good as others but thats the same in any profession........
Mum to 1, Nottingham, uk
Having just had a water birth at home without the need for drugs or medical intervention, I believe that it is the right of every healthy woman to have this option available.
Contrary to Mr Carpenters view birth is a NORMAL process and females are physiologically designed to give birth without medical intervention. Therefore the best outcome for mother and child is when this natural process is allowed to take place, without a circus of medical paraphernalia involved, unless of course necessary for health reasons.
Society is so obsessed with a fear of pain in childbirth that women are putting themselves and their children at more risk by electing to have drug assisted births or caesareans, which often come with long term suffering and complications that most women do not realise are part of the package until it is too late.
That is all we are asking for options for women and some RESPECT for the birthing process and those trained to facilitate this wonderful experience.
Melanie Walter, Leamington Spa,
As a soon-to-qualify midwife I am disgusted by the opinions of the uninformed writers published above. I have studied midwifery SOLELY for 4 years and I can assure you that I have far more than "very little" training (not that I need MEDICAL training - that is what Doctors are for). MIDWIVES ARE EXPERTS IN NORMAL BIRTH. What that means, is that when Nature is doing her thing, we ARE the people for the job. Doctors don't 'do' Normal Birth - it's not what they're trained to do! (That's what Midwives are for.) Why would one want someone with 'some' knowledge to attend them when they can have an Expert? And, cleverly, 4 years of training has taught me that, when Nature needs a bit of a hand, I can then refer to my medical colleague, to do His or Her Job (caps intentional). We work as a Team - so that the clients are assured of the best person for the job! I have respect for the Doctors as they have respect for me - a little respect from the rest of the population wouldn't go amiss!
Trish, Preston,
In response to Mr Carpenter's comment, what i meant by protectors of normal childbirth, is that when all is said and done pregnancy is a normal, physiological life event and should be treated as such. The medical model of care assumes illness until proven otherwise, as midwives we practice in the realms of normality until something indicates otherwise, at which point medical assistance is called. Midwives need to protect and more importantly promote childbirth as a normal life event, in which case i believe that the rates of medical intervention would be alot lower than they are today.
And in response to the final comment, we do not recieve any medical training as we are not medical staff. Midwives hold a unique position in the health care professions, we are neither doctors or nurses, we are midwives, we are trained to be "With Woman" (the literal translation of midwife), to facilitate a natural, physiological process.
Emma Rushforth, Bradford,
I think Emma from Bradford unwittingly hit the nail on the head when she espoused that "Midwives are practitioners and protectors of normal childbirth."
During my wife's pregnancy we met around half a dozen different midwives, each of whom expressed some kind of reflexive distrust of medical professionals in almost subconscious terms like that.
Since when is it the goal of anyone to 'protect' normal childbirth? I don't see other people describing their function to be to 'protect normal deaths' or carrying out 'natural tooth removal'. Surely the aim should be to ensure the safety of a mother and her child? Like the whole breastfeeding issue, midwifery often seems to become more of a political stance than a medical one.
Midwives have very little medical training - not even in anaesthesiology - but are given a large influence in issues with with major health implications. I think it is entirely fair (if a little emotive) to declare that they are the 'weakest link' in birth provision.
Paul Carpenter, Leeds,
As a student midwife who is in her final year of a three year course, one of the most intense, in depth courses i think exists, i can honestly say i am disgusted at Cavendish's opinion of midwives as being "the weak link" and "unprofessional". Midwives are practitioners and protectors of normal childbirth. I am in no doubt that our medical collegues are invaluable in ensuring safe care of women and their babies when problems arise. As midwives we are trained to recognise deviations from the norm and when to seek medical assistance, but to assume that we are unable to care for women under normal circumstances is completely unfounded. I think Cavendish needs to do alot more research before attempting another so called article and prepare herself for one very large backlash.
Emma, Bradford, England
The author would do better to focus her attention on the poor management on NHS finance as the weak link rather than to single out overstretched midwives who work long shifts mostly without breaks and often working additional unpaid hours.
The biggest problem is there are severly limited resources to employ many of the qualified midwives out there. Many qualifing midwives this year struggled to find any jobs.
Many women are able to achieve a perfectly normal birth, and often it can be doctors who are not experienced at dealing with normal birth who panic and medically manage birth because it enables them to feel they are more in control rather than trusting in womens ability to birth a baby themselves.
When there is an obstetric emergency fast access to care is what is required and women most at risk of complications or death are often those who are socially deprived. They are less likely with the creation of super units to be able to access the obstetric care they need in time.
Liza, London,
I am very sorry for the negative experience that Camilla suffered during her birth, and do not doubt what she describes, however I am disappionted to find that she bases her own experiences as the norm. This article appears to be poorly researched and quite frankly biased journalism. Every day midwives meet women who have a realistic expectation of childbirth, and who manage to appreaciate that for many, childbirth is a natural process, these women often go onto deliver their babies without interference from anyone, just the support and monitering of a midwife. Part of a midwives role is to recognise abnormality occuring within the process of childbirth. This is were our medical colleauges step in. However if Camilla is under the false impression that medical intervention for all will women will result in better birth outcomes, she is wrong. What is needed is good empathetic practioners, who are truely 'woman centered', but have an eqaul regard for the dangers child birth can present.
Mrs N Stringer, Tamworth, Staffordshire
It is a good job that CC researched the available evidence and was able to compose an accurate article regarding the true problems in the maternity services, otherwise I could have just read the type of drivel one may associate with daily papers that relies on images of near naked women to sell them.
Just one question CC, do they actually pay you to write this stuff?
Ian, Blackpool, England
I am really not sure distance is an issue. Most women, certainly for their first birth, have plenty of time between onset of Labour and childbirth. Those who are likely to need clinical assistance will be at the centre anyway.
In my experience, most women wouldn't go anywhere near a maternity unit for their subsequent births. Unless there was an identified medical reason, of course.
Camilla will no doubt be slated for her comments about midwives but I am sorry to say that in my experience, she is spot on. More's the pity.
Seasider, Portsmouth,
what is there to talk about midwives?Are they not doing their jobs well over there? In the USA they are adept at what they do The law suits will be astronomical otherwise
Corrina, minneapolis, MN, USA
The emotive language used in this article is not helpful in facilitating debate to improve maternity care in the UK.While sharing birth experiences is a necessity,this can be met by organisations like the Birth Trauma Association,to help women go forward positively.Implying caesarean rates are increasing due to poor midwifery care is not based on research;wrongly blaming midwives for a multi-faceted problem for which many groups may be responsible.We do need more good midwives.However,accusations wrongly levied against midwives will not strengthen a struggling profession,now wondering if it fails the very people it endeavours to serve.Opinions of the many families who have been cared for by a midwife recently would be helpful to see if Ms Cavendishs opinions represent the population,or are a snapshot of a painful time for an individual with the power to reach many.If she would like to see more good midwives then the first step may be to support the profession that exists to be an advocate for women in a time of unknown,and holds high the aim that women have choice and support in childbirth.Without support from society the midwifery profession will inevitably decline.
Hannah Hind Woodward, Cheltenham,
Despite having some sympathy for the previous commentators, I think that Ms Cavendish has a point. Midwifery led care has become such a holy cow to government thinking on maternity services that obvious flaws are ignored. To be a truly independent practitioner, as midwives wish to be , requires a degree of talent, experience and sharp thinking which not all graduates of midwifery courses possess. Up to the mid -nineties such persons were covered by the presence of junior medical staff who by dint of extremely long hours acquired battlle front experience quickly. They also had the benefit of understanding any medical history which a surprising number of supposedly healthy women have. Now, every midwife is deemed equal...and therefore competent when many would struggle to write soundly grammatical English. Also, the medical staff have been banished from taking the initial history when the would-be mother "books-in" for care in a particular maternity unit. If you think midwives are as medically knowledgeable as junior doctors and that all midwives "cut the mustard", you do not have a problem. Reports from the frontline suggest that that version is just a little indigestible. If clinical nous were the only standard for doctor and midwife alike with cultural awareness, feminist politics and Blairite visions of perfection relegated to their rightful lowly position, things would improve.
Obstet-over-fifty, Sydney, Australia
I'm not quite sure what this columnist is saying here, is it that because midwives work part-time we are useless and can't provide one-to-one support in labour? Crikey, I knew that most maternity units are now reducing the number of whole-time equivalent midwives they employ but I hadn't realised that it was by as many as 10,000, no wonder I often feel so alone, I must be one of the few midwives left, no wonder it's difficult to provide one to one care.
midwifemuse, Buckinghamshire, England
as apraqctising midwife i am appalled by the belief that women feel 'safe' only in the hands of doctors. within in my practice i beg to differ and as a professional i have seen many doctors jump in far too soon so that they can finally get to bed or alternatively they perform a so called emergency c/section because they lack the confidence and ability to perform an instrumental delivery. of course women will feel the doctor has saved the day when offered a c/section as it relieves them of the pain they are suffering (for the time being) but the crucial point is that in todays society women approach childbirth as a complicated illness as opposed to a normal physiological state of well being. as far as finances are concerned... the government is trying to save money where the nhs is concerned, how do they expect to do this with consultants working 24hrs ??? would it not be better to provide to money to employ more midwives who will have the TIME to provide safe high quality care??? As a midwife i can vouch why many work part time. it is because they are burning out and are running a service out of good will. would a shop worker work through his/her break and work after the shift has finished without booking overtime?? thats exactly what myself and my colleagues do on a day to day basis. as far as closing maternity units goes, please remember that not all people have cars. if parents have sick babies in a neonatal unit it may well be there for many weeks, many of these parents have other children and cannot stay on site in hospital accomadation. to summarise. please get your facts right before you begin to criticise the midwives and their profession. would you like to have to run a 6 hour journey in 3 hours?? thats what if feels like to be a midwife - were doing an impossible job in impossible conditions, funnily enough the government feels that is ok
disgruntled midwife, wigan, lancs
"Midwifes are the weak link" I'm sorry but i've had three children and am pregnant with my fourth. When you are in labour the midwife is not a weak link at all, believe me.
Midwifes are responsible for many many successful births and really are professionals. When their hands are tied it is by the local NHS policies.There is a shortage of midwifes, yes, but its my understanding that the posts are been kept empty and are not been advertised due to funding shortages.
This article appears completely unfounded and i'm shocked that without any figures Camilla Cavendish thinks she can slate their profession like this.
.
Samantha Roberts, Shipley/Bradford, West Yorkshire
Independent midwife's Association stats - 75% of women who book with an IM have at least one 'risk factor' and 84% have a normal birth rate, and that is not just a vaginal birth - no induction, no episiotomy, no rupture of membranes and very little pain relief often....................
Deborah Purdue, Blandford Forum, UK