Daniel Finkelstein
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It was strictly forbidden to have a notebook in Belsen, but my Aunt Ruth had one anyway. Just a little pocket diary - an appointment book with one of those tiny pencils. And in it, in the autumn of 1944, she noted that Anne Frank and Anne's sister, Ruth's schoolfriend Margot, had arrived in the concentration camp.
My mother and my aunt had been watching through the camp wire when the Franks arrived. Mum remembers it well, because they had been excited to spot girls they knew from the old days in Amsterdam. They had played in the same streets, been to the same schools and Ruth and Margot attended Hebrew classes together. The pair had once been pressed into service to act as bridesmaids, when a secretive Jewish wedding had taken place at the synagogue during their lesson time.
But Ruth and Margot did not grow up together. Because while Ruth and my mother lived, Margot and Anne never left Belsen. They died of typhus.
I am telling you this story because I want you to understand Israel. Not to agree with all it does, not to keep quiet when you want to protest against its actions, not to side with it always, merely to understand Israel.
There are two things about the tale that help to provide insight. The first is that all these things, the gas chambers, the concentration camps, the attempt to wipe Jews from the face of the Earth, they aren't ancient history, and they aren't fable. They happened to real people and they happened in our lifetime. Anne and Margot Frank were just children to my aunt and my mother; they weren't icons, or symbols of anything.
The second is that world opinion weeps now for Anne Frank. But world opinion did not save her.
The origin of the state of Israel is not religion or nationalism, it is the experience of oppression and murder, the fear of total annihilation and the bitter conclusion that world opinion could not be relied upon to protect the Jews.
Israel was the idea of a journalist. Theodor Herzl was the Paris correspondent of the Neue Freie Presse when he witnessed anti-Semitic rioting against the Jewish army captain Alfred Dreyfus who had been falsely accused of espionage. Herzl was then among the small corps of journalists who in 1895 witnessed the famous ceremony of disgrace in which Dreyfus was stripped of his epaulettes.
The experience led Herzl to abandon his belief in assimilation. He became convinced that Jews would only be safe if they had their own national home. Herzl became the first leader of modern Zionism. For many years many Jews resisted Herzl's conclusion. My grandfather was among them. But the experience of Jews all over the world in the first half of the 20th century - not just in Europe but in the Middle East too - rather bore out Herzl.
So when Israel is urged to respect world opinion and put its faith in the international community the point is rather being missed. The very idea of Israel is a rejection of this option. Israel only exists because Jews do not feel safe as the wards of world opinion. Zionism, that word that is so abused, so reviled, is founded on a determination that, at the end of the day, somehow the Jews will defend themselves and their fellow Jews from destruction. If world opinion was enough, there would be no Israel.
The poverty and the death and the despair among the Palestinians in Gaza moves me to tears. How can it not? Who can see pictures of children in a war zone or a slum street and not be angry and bewildered and driven to protest? And what is so appalling is that it is so unnecessary. For there can be peace and prosperity at the smallest of prices. The Palestinians need only say that they will allow Israel to exist in peace. They need only say this tiny thing, and mean it, and there is pretty much nothing they cannot have.
Yet they will not say it. And they will not mean it. For they do not want the Jews. Again and again - again and again - the Palestinians have been offered a nation state in a divided Palestine. And again and again they have turned the offer down, for it has always been more important to drive out the Jews than to have a Palestinian state. It is difficult sometimes to avoid the feeling that Hamas and Hezbollah don't want to kill Jews because they hate Israel. They hate Israel because they want to kill Jews.
There cannot be peace until this changes. For Israel will not rely on airy guarantees and international gestures to defend it. At its very core, it will not. It will lay down its arms when the Jews are safe, but it will not do it until they are.
And if you reflect on it, doesn't recent experience bear this out? Just as Herzl was borne out? A year or so back I met a teacher while I was on holiday and fell to talking with him about Israel. He was a nice man and all he wanted was for fighting to stop and to end the suffering of children. And he had a question for me.
Why, he asked, doesn't Israel offer to give back the West Bank and Gaza? Why doesn't it just let the Palestinians have a state there? If the Palestinians turned it down, he said, then at least liberal opinion would be on Israel's side and would rally to its assistance.
So I patiently explained to this kind, good man that Israel had, at Camp David in 2000, made precisely this offer and that it had been rejected out of hand by Yassir Arafat, not even used as the basis for negotiation. I told him that Israel was no longer in Gaza, having withdrawn unilaterally and taken the settlers with it. The Palestinians had greeted this movement with suicide bombs and rockets. Yet the teacher, with all his compassion, wasn't even aware of all this. And liberal opinion? Sad to relate, my new friend's faith in it was misplaced. It has turned strongly against Israel.
Israel has made many mistakes. It has acted too aggressively on some occasions, has been too defensive on others. The country hasn't always respected the human rights of its enemies as it should have done. What nation under such a threat would have avoided all errors?
But you know what? As Iran gets a nuclear weapon and so the potential for another Holocaust against the Jews and world opinion does nothing, I am not so sure that the errors of world opinion are so much to be preferred to the errors of Israel.
Daniel Finkelstein is a weekly columnist and Chief Leader Writer of The Times. His blog, Comment Central, is a personal round up of the best political opinion on the web. Before joining the paper in 2001, he was adviser to both Prime Minister John Major and Conservative leader William Hague
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What do the "Palestinians" mean by occupation?
Ask them!
It is not the Westbank and/or Gaza, but the whole of what used to be the British Mandate for Palestine.
If we would do away with this "occupation" there would be no more Israel!
Mordechai Dessaur, Herzlia, Israel
I'm Israeli,and as all my fellow Israelis-always sought peace & safety.we are surrounded by people who seek to kill us, and have succeeded from time to time.the holocaust isn't why we go to war today, it's in the past. 60 years of day to day threat is what sends Israelis to fight. read books.
Ran, London, UK
An equally eloquent article could be written with a title "Palestinians act because the world does not defend them!" Hammas and its support is a symptom - you can not treat a disease by suppressing the symptoms. As for that one word key to the solution: Justice - not crumbs under the table.
Maggie, London, UK
4.Using the words "settlements" and "West Bank" are psychologically persuading the public to think that the "settlements" are temporary communities where people probably live in tents and can move on at any time. The "West Bank" is Judea and Samaria, places that historically Jewish.
Alixandra, Newton, U.S.A.
This article was well written. The point is that we need to see what is happening. As others have said, I wish the powers that be would read it.
C Reese, Sacramento, USA
Fantastic article !!!! Congratulations.
Luiz Gustavo Cherman, Sao Paulo, Brazil
An easy read, gently inviting us to identify with, and thereby absolve, the "human errors" of Israel based on shared fears of a nuclear Iran and the past oppression of Jews by Europeans (not Arabs). What mention of the dead men, women and children in Gaza, the ones who don't read the Times?
Alexis Croucher, Dubai, UAE
This article brought tears to my eyes - to read the truth is refreshing, and I only wish that the powers that be read it !
The world should read it.
Terri Gardner, Sydney, Australia
An excellent article, beautifully written. Thank you.
Barbara , London, UK
Thank you for this article. My grandfather was a holocaust survivor and its so sad that people in this world still have blind folds on. This quote by Golda Meir sums it up for me: "Peace will come when the Arabs start to love their children more than they hate us."
Maayan, Chicago,
Thankyou! Brilliant writing and the truth for once!
Danielle, London, UK
How would a Palestine state look ? Gaza and the West Bank separated by the State of Israel ? A state consisting of two fragments linked by a corridor and speckled with Israeli settlements will not be acceptable by its citizens.
Dr.Christian Grote, Berlin, Germany
Pixie from London, spot on. I am astonished at all the people that write that this is a balanced article. The holocaust was awful - agreed. But that should not be the basis for a country to act without accountibility. Innocent people are dying, including civillians and children.
Kris, London, UK
thanks for seeing that Israel must survive at all costs and that the world should wake up and see what this one small country is doing to benefit that world and our society.
Dr. P.C.Hirsch, LOS ANGELES, USA
Thank you Daniel, a heartening article for us to read.
Irene Rose, London, UK
Yes Mark of London, their grievance might stand, but they have not moved on since 1948. If you are a parent, you might understand the analogy to a temper tantrum, a never ending one in this case, based on the certainty that the land is all theirs, and they cannot share it with the Jews.
Jeremy Smith, Berkeley, USA
Daniel, thank you. Brilliant article!
Elena, Stony Brook, USA
A much needed article. Thank you
Jill, Holt,
DF writes: "The Palestinians need only say that they will allow Israel to exist in peace. They need only say this tiny thing, and mean it, and there is pretty much nothing they cannot have."
No. They cannot have what they lost in 1948. I support Israel's right to exist, but their grievance stands.
Mark, London,
no.many facts ignored.
MAISHAQUE, LANCASTER, UK
Two premises puzzle me about this article. First, that today's events are somehow related to the Holocaust, two, that violence is the fault of the victim. Like you throwing a stone at your friend and him getting a gun out and shooting you in the head. Self defence? Not really. God Bless humanity.
Pixie, London, UK
A beaufifully written and cogent article. It's hard to see where hope lies in this tragic situation. It's past time all concerned peoples and nations should assertively support UN troops deployed to safeguard a ceasefire with the aim of facilitating peace negotiations for these beleagured peoples.
Monique Burchell, Toronto, Canada
Yes. But is it right what israel is doing now? Is it collectively punishing all palestinians with its embargo and bombing? Is its response porportional? And is this attack the best form of defense for Israel in the long run? These are the real questions we should be looking to answer.
Bilal Anwar, London,
Great article!
My two cents:
How would any other nation react under similar circumstances?
Tim, Eagle Pass, TX, United States
If amazes me that as a Jew ( I am) I can move to Israel and be given land and a government loan that I don't have to pay back if I stay there for 10 years. I can even carry and M16/a around in public for...uh...protection.
Something is wrong with this picture.
Peace.
Stephen, Yung-he, Taiwan
Excellent article. Thank you.
Lesley Williams, Wellington, New Zealand
Well said. I am going to be showing my support for Israel at the rally on Trafalgar Sq this Sunday.
Michelle, London,
It is refreshing to see something sensible published in the media.
David, Houston,
An absolutely brilliant article.
Daniel, Israel,
If you can read this and not be moved, you should get your head checked.
john, NYC, USA
Well written. Well said. Enough said.
Richard, Columbus, USA
Excellent Article.
Tony, Waterford, Ireland
Finally, a rational voice. Well done.
JLL, New York,
Well said. It's about time we get this perspective. There are many cases throughout history where UN would have gladly thrown Israel to the wolves if Israel had let it. For example, when UN withdrew its troops from Sinai in 67. Israel can only rely on itself.
david , toronto, canada
Exactly.
Nan, Houston,
Superb..Keep up the good work.
Chris, Horsham, West Sussex
For once an article, that bluntly states what is going on.
Michael, London,
Dear Daniel,
Thank you for one of the most balanced, beautifully written pieces of journalism I have read in a long time.
Kind Regards
JB, Bristol, UK
Excellent, balanced article.
Thank you!
Judy Bodansky, Leeds, England
I agree with every word Daniel
Martin, Vienna, USA
Superb - at last someone spells it out, and so eloquently.
Tom, London, UK
Good article, i am married to an Israeli, and have lived there for a year. I have sympathy for both sides. What i would say is that although Arafat was offered a two state solution, you fail to mention the refugees. Without a promise of return for the refugees, Arafat could never agree to anything.
mathew, hove, UK
excellent article.
Jill, Georgia, USA
Daniel, this piece should be broadcast in all the world's papers and on all the news blogs. You have written from the heart and with passion but it is also pretty balanced and non judgemental on either side. A brilliant article if ever there was one. Thank you.
Dean, London,
Too little or too much can be said about the significance of establishing the state of Israel, or the barbarity at the heart of the holocaust.
Surely an arrangement to protect traditions / so the offended beliefs is not beyond the wit of Blair the technocrat? - removing the need for "crusades".
Terence Park, Burnley, UK
Other accounts of the 2000 negotiations say Jerusalem was the stumbling block for Arafat (as it would have been for Israel).
A weak Palestinian leadership can't successfully negotiate - but Israel (and many others) won't tolerate a stronger one. There will be no progress without change here.
James White, Glasgow, UK
Thank you Daniel for this profoundly moving piece. The fierce desperation of Israel to survive amidst a world that is essentially - albeit subliminally - anti-semitic.
It's powerful to see your usual astute humor give way to this piece from the heart.
Diane, Chiacgo,
Brilliant piece. Of all the issues and debates that surround this current conflict, the points that you have raised are the ones that should be remembered and reminded over all others.
Well done.
Rafi Mendelsohn, London, England
The irony is that demographics favor the Palestinians. Their suffering is needless and entirely self-inflicted. The world is eager to pour resources into a Palestinian state to insure its success. All they have to do is say Yes and, in time, the larger prize will fall effortlessly into their laps..
peter, miami, FL
Thank you DF. I have always been a fervent supporter of Israel and over the last few days I have found it hard to justify this support to myself; you're article has reminded me why I must take a stand against the media bias towards the Palestinians in the UK and Australia.
Carolyn, Melbourne, Australia
Very well put. Thank you.
Daniel Darius, San Diego, USA