Melanie Reid
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A heavy drinker facing a teetotal GP will be familiar with that frisson of disappoval – especially since the advent of the blood test betrayed the lies about how many units have been consumed. A woman with an inconvenient pregnancy who asks a Catholic doctor for an abortion will know the same feeling; as will the odd – one uses the word advisedly – Jehovah’s Witness who is admitted to Accident and Emergency and refuses a blood transfusion.
Doctors, for their part, face just as unpleasant an encounter with those patients unable to hide their dislike at being treated by someone who is black, Catholic, Jewish, Muslim, gay, foreign or female.
Never was the irony of this conflict zone better encapsulated than in the case, some years ago, of a member of an exceedingly posh Scottish golf course who had a heart attack. The female doctor who rushed to treat him was initially ejected from the clubhouse because she had used the men-only entrance.
Up until now, though, both patients and professionals have tended to muddle through. And generally patients have become more tolerant – or at least less vocal in their intolerance – than they were.
In all this, doctors have relied on longstanding advice from the General Medical Council (GMC), which requires them to treat patients with respect, whatever their life choices and beliefs. If carrying out a particular procedure conflicts with a doctor’s belief, he or she has been obliged to tell patients this and to make sure they understand that they can see another doctor.
But this simple advice is no longer sufficient in a more complicated world, where religion casts its cloud more darkly than ever. Militancy of belief is increasingly pressing. When airport check-in staff fight to wear a cross, and teachers go to court to wear a veil, we know we live in a challenging world.
In all too many instances, the medical profession is at the sharp end. As if we needed reminding, last week a 53-year-old consultant paediatrician, Victoria Anyetei, was fatally stabbed in her car in her driveway in Dartford. Police are to investigate her patients’ relatives.
The new conflicts in medicine include the signing of cremation certificates; the wearing of the veil; offering IVF to gay patients, circumcision and gender reassignment. Old problems, specifically abortion, have intensifed. (Did you know, for instance, that some doctors now refuse to offer either abortion or contraception, and advertise this fact in leaflets in their practice? Almost like that old pub sign: please do not ask for credit as refusal often offends.)
The GMC, responding to a growing number of pleas for help, has reviewed its practical guidance and been specific for the first time on some issues. The new code has gone out for consultation on www.gmc-uk.org and meaty stuff it is.
Some Muslim doctors, according to the tenets of their faith, are unwilling to sign cremation certificates. On this, the GMC is admirably hardline, declaring that doctors, regardless of their religious objection to cremation, must sign, largely because delay could cause unnecessary distress.
Veils – as worn by doctors, not patients – are another area of contention. The GMC has recently received a considerable number of inquiries from hospital managers and doctors asking for advice on this.
Its view, the result of long internal discussions, is that doctors must respond to a patient’s individual needs and overcome any barrier to effective communication. To do this may require them to set aside personal and cultural preferences. In other words, take it off if it’s an issue for the patient. Cop out or clever solution? There will certainly be patients unable to express their unease, and what of their rights?
The advice on circumcision, which some believe carries risks and should not be permitted on children who cannot consent, is in favour of maintaining the status quo. Doctors should proceed on the basis of the child’s best interests, and this means taking into account religious beliefs.
The guidance on abortions is interesting, given recent suggestions that so many doctors are reluctant to perform abortions that it can be hard to find staff. Under the law, doctors have the express right to refuse to participate in an abortion but equally do not have the right to refuse it on grounds of conscientious objection where a patient needs medical care.
However, the new advice states that conscientious objectors – for all termination, gender and IVF issues – do not have to refer the patient directly to another doctor.
What they have to do is “ensure the patient has sufficient information to exercise their right to see another doctor with whom they can discuss the situation”. It states that the patient “must not be left with nowhere to turn” and if they are not capable of making their own arrangements to see another doctor, the first doctor must do it for them without delay.
Does this satisfy, in an age where conscientious-objector doctors are growing in number? To what degree should a professional be obliged to open the door to a service which they regard as intrinsically wrong, but which is perfectly legal? The GMC hopes it has created a “reasonable” requirement to do so.
And here, I confess, I become impatient with any consultation that tries, essentially, to keep everyone happy and cause offence nowhere. Sometimes “reasonable” can be misleading; and sometimes offence can be healthy. We reach a point where there is a real danger of indulging conscientious objectors – be they members of a religion, or people who believe it is a sin to wear leather shoes, or those who believe IVF babies are wrong. We need to be sure which party has the greater moral right: the one that indulges in strong personal beliefs; or the one which is entitled to a legal, professional service.
For me the latter’s right will always be ascendant. In a consumer, largely secular culture, patients need a doctor who doesn’t want to provide a legal service for personal reasons to refer them immediately, and directly, to a colleague who will.
Anything short of that is to infringe upon the patient’s equally powerful rights and freedoms – and providing “sufficient information to exercise their right” is clearly open to obfuscation and delay. We are in danger, not for the first time, of betraying the majority for the minority.
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why are the ministry of defence refusing to name soldiers killed in afganistan or have their faces shown in national news bulletins or in the press. We know personally of a soldier very recently killed. His family have been informed. so why are their deaths be kept as numbers. its wrong. The general public need to see faces. it makes it real. its a mark of respect to the soldier. every death should make headline news. why is it not. This particular family friend has lost many of his friends in his batallion, when he came home last none of his friends deaths had been reported nationally. now his family ar suffering this tragic loss. they deserve more than just to be counted as a number, they are real people. they should not be in afganistan in the first place bring them all home. we have listened along with all the family members of how little theses soldiers are protected and the fear they face. their salary is disgusting and they face death every day.
sue waterhouse, chelmsford, england
How I agree with John Ledbury. If there is a specimen that I truly loathe it is the doctor´s receptionist. Truly doctors guardian angel.
Brooks, Munich, Germany
"It is imperative to have faith in a doctor's professionalism to carry out their duty with due diligence and meticulousness, even if it is seemingly in conflict with a doctors moral position."
Eh?
I don't know what you are talking about Shahib Ali - its just a lot of platitudinous waffle. It does seem, however, you are TRYING to imply that the religious beliefs of a doctor are of benefit to their patient. You say:
"The key is to assimilate ones moral principles with an unwavering duty of care. It can enhance patient care. "
No, the "key" is to respect the fact that we see doctors for medical reasons, not for superstitious advice, and the latter has no place in the NHS, either actively or passively present in doctor-patient interaction.
Joe, Manchester,
This is a prima facie pernicious article founded on opinions and views and not underpinned, in any shape or form, by authentic and verifiable facts that stand up to scrutiny of any level.
I am firmly of the view that a doctor who lacks a moral and ethical compass and is not directed by scrupulous impulses might ultimately represent a threat to the holistic and thorough care of a patient. An unrestrained doctor may well lack an acute sense of proportion and reason, and will not be averse to sanctioning procedures that may be considered unwarranted. However, a doctor guided by his or her principles is likely to be circumspect and thoughtful, devising the best possible care.
The key is to assimilate ones moral principles with an unwavering duty of care. It can enhance patient care. It is imperative to have faith in a doctor's professionalism to carry out their duty with due diligence and meticulousness, even if it is seemingly in conflict with a doctors moral position.
Shahib Ali, London, UK
I've never had a problem with doctors, or any other trained medical professional. The problems arise from their receptionists, and the glorified shelf stackers in Boots who all think they've suddenly become surgeon general.
John Ledbury, Kings Lynn, England
What is so surprising if GP's can't stand the sight of a waiting room largely full of professional loafers and "self-abusers", people who spend their whole lives eating junk and taking no exercise! There is a sick belief amongst millions that their health is someone else's responsibility...just queue up for that little prescription note, and all will be well, until next week.
I don't know if religion, ethnicity or gender are really big issues or not, but have a peek round the door of your local GP's waiting room today...you'll probably see plently of reaons why your Doctor deserves a Medal for endurance.
John Robinson, Isle of Dogs, UK
I don't think you can categorise someone wanting to wear a small cross necklace at work as 'militantly religous'. The argument could be turned on it's head with BA being militantly anti-religious. Why make such a fuss about a necklace?
The issue about wearing full face veils is a different matter as it impacts face to face communication. The points being raised about whose rights come first are important ones, but put the issues into perspective please. If I talk to a patient at work I don't think my choice of necklace will impede their rights, but denying them treatment I don't agree with may well have that effect.
yes I wear a necklace,so what?, Leeds,
My Dad a widely respected GP practised strictly according to the ethics of medical profession.
Between a doctor and a patient a moral code is the governing factor.
Color ,race, nationality,religion,status and other man made factors have no place in practise.
On the other side patients must concern themselves with the remedy,treatment or procedure and leave every thing in the hands of the doctor and trust his/hers judgement for the purpose of getting cured of the malady.
It is also important to have complete transparency so that there is no place for any kind of misunderstanding at any point of time.This is in the best interest of both the doctor as well as the patient.There must not be any space for doubts of any kind.
Vijay Banga, New Delhi, India
More examples of "Minority Rules"
John Macleod, Lochmaddy, Scotland
Dear Sir,
We have a lot of warm, very wet land now in the UK,and there may well be land that people will decide not to rebuild on in the future. Given that plants are natural converters of CO2 to oxygen, could we not have a planting spree of whatever plant/ tree/ shrub is deemed most "productive" at this natural process in order to do something practical about global warming. Even a 0.001% shift from CO 2 to oxygen would positively effect the inheritence left for future generations.
Catherine Doyle, Chester, Cheshire
Very disturbing. It is a great shame that doctors are allowing their moral perspectives to infect, and I use that word deliberately, their professional lives. Doctors, like other professionals, should behave ethically and a profession can define ethical standards. Our moral universe is and should be an internal phenomenon and should only be manifest externally by our own standards of behaviour. A doctor may feel that a course of action undertaken by a patient is immoral but if it is legal then the doctor is ethically bound to facilitate it - not only not impede it.
In short, it is unethical to impose your morality on others. A poor understanding of the difference between ethics and morality is all too common.
James , Canberra, Australia.
GPs are mostly quite a tolerant group. The basic deal is that the GP cannot impose their morality over patients and likewise patients cannot impose their morality over GPs.
Mostly GPs and patients end up agreeing on sensible strategies. Sometimes quickly passing the problem to a colleague is the best way of dealing with it keeping honour intact on both sides.
Dr Peter Davies, Halifax, West Yorkshire
The odd â one uses the word advisedly â writer for the Times does behave indecently toward religion from time to time and of course Ms Reid is entitled to her opinions.
To put Ms Reid in the picture - my understanding is that Jehovahs Wiotnesses have refused blood transfusions for a minimum of 60 years and they do not put any blame on the medical proffesion should they suffer because of a lack of blood.
John Higham, Notts,
The words stable doors and horse come to mind. Anyone with a modicum of nous would have anticipated this problem. It was rather like trusting prisoners with the keys to their cells.
Graham Voisey, Brixham, Devonshire
If you require medical staff to become complicit in acts to which they have a conscientious objection (and many would see a direct referral as facilitating and therefore complicit) then you oblige such people to leave the medical professions.
Perhaps this is what you want. That way you will always get your way - that is provided you can get access to a considerably depleted and, I would argue, morally impoverished service.
But what about those who want access to like-minded doctors? The gynaecological profession, whatever you may believe, has long been all but closed to pro-life medics. In my childbearing phase, and in particular when I was diagnosed with a miscarriage, the experience was made much worse when decisions had to be made because I did not have access to a like-minded gynaecologist. But I guess my needs don't matter if I am in a minority.
In a civilised society minority (if that is what they are) views are respected and accommodated for all our sakes.
Pauline Gately, Weybridge,
"Doctors should proceed on the basis of the childâs best interests, and this means taking into account religious beliefs".
Who's beliefs are you referring to in this statement? How can children have a religious belief when they have not yet learned to read or write or understand speech?
Children don't have religious beliefs, only those superstitions foisted on them by their parents.
Al, weybridge,
"the new advice states that conscientious objectors â for all termination, gender and IVF issues â do not have to refer the patient directly to another doctor."
I'd like to conscientiously object to funding an national health service which supports such institutionalised discrimination. Oh, but I can't, can I? Because the money is simply seized from me. Creating an obligation to pay for a service that I may be unable to use.
Isn't that fraud? Charging for something you have no intention of providing?
KL, Cambs, UK
I greatly fear that this article is long load of waffle in justification of religious persecution of Christians.
Roger Pearse, Ipswich, Suffolk
It should be clear that any doctor practising in the UK, who seeks to deny their patients treatment based on personal beliefs, is not acting in the best interests of the patient... and we should question whether we want this sort of 'professional' working in our public sector.
There are innumerable issues over which a 'conscientious objector' doctor object; veils, crosses, sexuality, gender, leather shoes, abortions, fertitlity treatmeant, eating habits, smoking, drinking of alcohol...
Access to services should not be dependent on the GP's personal culture, but on what the GMC and NICE have enshrined as a legal medical service.
Alex McGregor, Plymouth, UK
Who is this Melanie Reid? On occasions such as this we should know more about where the purveyor of these dilemmas is coming from.
Having been a family doctor for 35 years before retiring I have been very conscious of many of the difficulties and unhappy about the stance the GMC and others have takenon different issues. For example, though parents are supposed to be responsible for their children there is now official direction that information parents ought to have about their youngsters has to be kept from them: consequently the parent cannot function properrly.
Dr J Findlater, Carnforth,
You seem to confuse the right to a service that is needed on purely medical grounds with options that people may choose for a variety of reasons. Abortion is a choice unless the mother's life is endangered by the pregnancy (which is mercifully rare). Sexual (gender is a property of nouns not of people) reassignment is also a choice. Offering a life-saving operation or treatment for a chronic condition is surely what we have a right to expect of our NHS, since these are hardly 'life-style choices'.
T H Nathanson, Ipswich,
"in an age where conscientious-objector doctors are growing in number"
what? any evidence?
Ross, London,
An issue that many doctors have, and one that is overlooked, is that as the law stands at present, many terminations carried out are in fact illegal according to a strict interpretation of the law. At present I have to sign a form that states that continuation of the pregnancy would cause greater mental or physical harm to the mother than termination. How can I know whether this is this case? It is time the law was clarified. If society wants termination on demand then parliament needs to legislate for it and stop putting doctors in the invidious position of having to having to decide whether abortion is in a woman's best interests. It is up to the woman concerned to make that decision and take responsibility for it.
C McRae, Edinburgh,