Kit Malthouse
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Every Christmas we see two warring camps loosing a volley of accusations at each other. The cause: what to do about rough sleepers. Make no mistake, this debate is a matter of life and death. Life expectancy on the street is as low as 42.
On one side stand some London boroughs and homeless charities who feel that the plentiful volunteer soup runs in the capital serve only to keep people on the streets. Opposing them are Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London, and other charities, who argue that trying to make such soup runs illegal is cold-hearted and will lead to starvation. But both sides have missed the potential of one novel — some might say outrageous — solution tested in America.
Ten years ago the rough sleeping population in England was more than 2,000 a night. Since then a combination of government focus, lots of money and greater co-operation between boroughs and charities has caused these numbers to fall by two thirds. Most new arrivals today will spend fewer than four nights on the street, and it's vital to keep that number low. After living rough for more than a couple of weeks, habits are formed, addictions are acquired or exacerbated and rescue becomes even more difficult.
In London we are now down to the familiar hardcore cases who have refused so far to be helped. But these chronic rough sleepers are a tough group to help. The likes of Ed Mitchell, the former ITN presenter, driven on to the streets by huge debts is a rarity. Most are casualties of encounters with the State (60 per cent have either been in care, the Army, prison or all three), 70 per cent have mental health problems, 80 per cent have a drink or a drugs problem. Suspicious, paranoid and often irrational, they live a chaotic and brutal life, one 35 times more likely to end in suicide.
Getting them inside is a drawn-out process of contact, familiarisation, flattery and persuasion, the assumption being that the system that has worked well thus far should work for these remaining hard cases; we just need to work harder on them. This logic is flawed. Instead, we need a radical new approach.
In the New Yorker last year, Malcolm Gladwell maintained that chronic homelessness is a problem that can be abolished, not merely managed, because in the end it can be reduced to solving a few hard cases. When you do the maths, he says, the answer becomes clear: just give them a house.
In a number of cities across the United States, they are doing the maths. They discovered to their astonishment that leaving rough sleepers on the street costs a fortune. In Boston a study found that a group of 119 rough sleepers had been admitted to hospital 18,834 times in five years at the cost of $32,000 each a year. In San Diego a similar exercise with 15 of their homeless revealed a bill of $3 million over an 18-month period. In Reno, Nevada, one ten-year veteran rough sleeper had cost the city a cool $1 million with absolutely no improvement to his way of life.
In St Louis, Missouri, they went one step farther. Abandoning the usual approach to rough sleepers, where permanent housing is seen as the goal of rehabilitation, the city authorities decided to make housing the first step on the journey back to normality, not the last. They simply rented some apartments, approached their hardest cases, gave them the keys to their own free homes, and showed them how to get there. No strings, no process, no hassle. It worked. The toughest of vagrants started coming inside.
Of course it isn't quite that simple. With the litany of problems, physical and mental, that assail the majority of rough sleepers, huge amounts of support are needed to maintain a life inside. But how much better and cheaper to support and manage their needs indoors than out. And boy, do we have the skills to do that.
Over the past ten years, local authorities, charities and church groups have become masters at keeping people indoors once they get there, but it's getting the last few through the door that is the problem.
The logjam could be broken and the warring factions reunited by doing exactly what the Americans are doing: giving away homes free to chronic rough sleepers, and then working to keep them indoors.
Are you spluttering “Just give them a flat?! The same flat I have to work all week to pay for? Are you mad?!”?
If the moral argument that we have a duty to the unfortunate doesn't sway you, then the economics might. In Britain, though, the maths is hard to do. Government direct spending on rough sleepers is hidden within general housing grants and we have absolutely no idea what burden this small, troubled group places upon the NHS. Throw in local authority spending, and the budgets of the many homeless charities, and my rough estimate puts the number at anything up to £30,000 a year for each rough sleeper: enough to rent a one-bed flat in Chelsea and pay the minimum full-time wage, and have change left over.
Whatever the exact number, it should be big enough to shock you. Perhaps big enough that we might cut our losses and give rough sleepers the homes that save us money, and that might just save their lives.
Kit Malthouse is a Conservative candidate for the London Assembly
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This suggestion is too simplistic. I want to make three points which argue against such an idea
1. Giving homeless people flats which would otherwise be allocated to people in housing need who have not up to now been homeless will make it more likely that they will become so. So one person's free housing as a route out of homelessness leads to another person's personal and economic stress, which can lead to them becoming homeless. Thus homelessness is not reduced it is just redistributed
2. Anyone who has worked with homeless people knows that if they are housed without any support to manage the problems that made them homeless in the first place there is a high probability that they will be homeless again within six months.
3. People who are working hard to try to solve their own housing problems are likely to find this idea unfair and demotivating. What is the point of doing your best to be independent and responsible if this makes you less likely to get housed?
Diana Roxburgh, London, UK
Perhaps Shelter could spend some of their millions on this solution, instead of misleading people into thinking that they provide front line services to the homeless.
Sarah N., London, UK
The problem is that society has no common sense.
Those who are a burden to society through their bad behavior have by definition proved they are incapable of living according to society's laws. Such people should be forcibly removed from society - period.
Forget about giving them "dignity" - dignit comes from within and they have none.
I would lock them up without their drugs or booze and that would be the end of the problem.
Wayne Penner, Bellevue, Wa/ USA
Let's get away from the fashionable but deeply patronising PC assumption that people with problems have somehow been "failed" by the education system, or "failed" by the justice system or some other public service, and that therefore the "system" somehow owes them. Far better to admit of the possibility that it is they who may have failed themselves, while providing them structured rehabilitation into normal "housed" society.
By all means welcome the homeless in from the cold, but first into a properly supervised and disciplined environment ie inevitably some kind of institution, which also has access to specialised education, health and welfare services.
When they are ready and willing to start putting something back in to society, and are in training or employment, then is the time to help them toward finding their feet in normal independent social or other housing.
People must learn that with benefits and rights come burdens and responsibilities!
Gordon Alexander, Frome, UK
Did anyone else notice that delicious line "Opposing them are Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London, and other charities"
I love it!
Alan Gee, Greenwich, NY/USA
Why not teach them young to be self-responsible.
We all have trauma, were abused in one way or another;
many women were raped as children by relatives
some by homeless people. We all have
addictions - alcohol, drugs to whatever extent,
legal or illegal, even coffee can cause distrubances.
We all hav money, relationship, family, and all kinds
of troubles. We dont all end up on the street.
Instead of understanding what those who try
cannot really understand, why not assume that
each is responsible for themselves, at least;
and hold them to it. Some are suicidal. Well,
that thought crosses many minds, we dont,
however, all jump off the bridge.
Those who assume responsibility for others become
selfrighteous, contemptuous of those who dont agree;
distract themselves/others from their own faults.
ots
M. M., Birmingham, England
The amount spent on the 'rough sleepers initiative' in Scotland would have been more than enough to house and employ every homeless person in Scotland. Unfortunately the lists of homeless people just gets longer and longer, as there are less and less affordable housing and social housing available. Even small flats near to where I live are being sold for £140,000 and upwards.
David Leslie, Perth, Scotland
Anyone who thinks this is a good idea should be made to spend a month living in a council-owned block of flats, where the local authority has an obligation to house the homeless, many of whom have drink and drug problems.
The result is pure hell for the other 99% of decent residents.
Try getting up for work when you've been kept awake all night by those who don't have to. See how you like it when their home because a doss-house for all their other homeless mates. Enjoy them urinating or shooting up in the public areas or even from the balconies as your family or friends arrive for a visit.
Trust me, living it will change your attitude for good!
Robert, Manchester,
I agree with this but how workable woludi t be?
In London, for instance, we don't have that many homes going spare and i'm not sure that most people would agree with people not paying rent having them - maybe you need to play on their empathetic sides (that's assuming they have one!)
I know that it is very rare that a homeless person wants to be homeless and on the street and that most of these people have been abused and have no coping mechanism. They feel hopeless and all it takes sometimes is for someone to care enough to give them back some dignity, which is what this idea would do. However, like most tihngs that are put in place as a safety net, it could become open to abuse.
It must be said again that this government has done more to get the homeless of the street than the last goverment, when you really couldn't go more than 100 yards in London without bumping into someone living rough and I do find it interesting that Kit Malthouse is a Conservative candidate.
Kim, London,
Why do we always focus on these issues at Xmas? This is politicking at its worst. This is a year round problem and will always exist for the reasons you have stated. If you start throwing free Chelsea flats at vagrants, London will be a Mecca for immigrants, illegal or otherwise who will be better at exploiting this ridiculous idea.
Steve Marchant, Torquay, UK
In Moscow the government provides free hostel accommodation for students. Apart from helping students this must take them out of the housing queue and depress rents. Free flats would be exploited but making flats affordable must be better
John Ledbury, Kings Lynn, England
iam sure the neighbours in chelsea, or where ever else , will be very happy having some down and out drug user living next door, free, at the tax payers expense, especially if they hav e young children !
katy, brighton,
Robust, workable systems have to be cheat proof. This one isn't. Simply giving the down and out a flat will eventually create more down and outs.
Rob Wilard, Reading, UK
Surely this imaginative and sensible approach carries its own simple solution - Once housed, a rough sleeper should become eligible for housing benefit, which might pay the rent. Worth exporing?
Anne Gray, Bridport, Dorset
well. this simple solution to the complex problem can't be true. the analysis is true provided all the spending and problems for the rough sleepers are due to homelessness. No, human mind and functioning is more complex than that. However, this can be tried provided this is not exploted by some group of people to get a roof over their head bypassing other pathways.
ravi, potters bar, uk
If it has been shown to work in the US from a human and economic point of view then why wouldn't it work here? this gets my vote.
Mark, London,
Well as you say, it is down to the last hard cases. And as you admit 70% of them have mental health problems, so they should be in care already. But as we have seen the government do not provide full mental health care anymore, they cause the problem and put them back out on the street. So if we place them back in care, that takes the total down a great deal. We have to then see how many of those are actual homeless, and not just refusing to join the system. It does seem unfair just to give them a flat, even if that is the moral thing to do. Some people are homeless due to sad circumstance E.G. abuse, so they should receive support, however others due to their own actions are homeless, and in that case deserving of no support at all. (My girlfriend says we should send them to the colonies!) ;)
Jim, Oulu, Finland
Brilliant analysis. So long as you stop the "pretend homeless" from exploiting the situation, it will work. Most people's answer to any problem is guaranteed to make the problem worse because they never really understand the problem in the first place (or don't want to for political reasons). Most of any problem is simply solved, the last bit is very difficult and needs this kind of imaginative thinking.
Roger S, Esher, UK