Carol Sarler
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A very great deal has been said and written about the suspected suicides by hanging of 17 young people in Bridgend, leaving us with just one unpalatable but necessary question: should we have said and written even more? At the inquests of five of them last week, the coroner carefully trod the well-worn path in search of motive: depression, for instance, or grief or heartbreak. Much the same quest has troubled the media, up to and including far-flung theories, with no evidence whatsoever, of internet provocation and website pacts.
When the gaze moves from the motive to the manner of death, however, the consensus has been to draw a veil. Newspaper reporters, some of them unusually sensitive to accusations of insensitivity, have stuck to the hows and wheres - “found hanging”, “from a tree”, “in an empty house” - while the commentators have similarly tiptoed. One of them, quite properly engaged in compassionate speculation about cause, tried to imagine the despair it took “to fashion the knot, to slip the fixings before the final swing into oblivion”.
Her delicate turn of phrase intended no harm. But one might wonder whether the cumulative effect of such widespread delicacy could inadvertently contrive to give the impression that hanging is an easier, kinder, gentler death than it really is.
Certainly, the significant rise in young women hanging themselves could support this view. Research published last month, by the Department of Social Medicine at the University of Bristol, showed that the proportion of women aged 15 to 34 committing suicide by hanging has increased from 5.7 per cent of all suicides in 1968 to 47.3 per cent by 2005. This is especially puzzling because women, as a rule of thumb, have traditionally tended to eschew a predictably violent or painful death; we are often reminded that the switch from fatally toxic to North Sea gas greatly reduced the numbers of women found dead by their ovens.
Kitchens, by and large, contain a variety of means of suicide, from the perilously sharp to the agonisingly poisonous and the most desperate of women did make use of them when the gas ceased to be lethal. But very many others chose to live instead. By the same token, the cut in toxins in vehicle exhaust fumes, in 1993, and the simple reduction of the number of paracetemol tablets allowed to be sold in a single packet, have driven the resolute to jump under trains - but persuaded the less committed to give life another chance.
Thus we have, in England and Wales, a decline in suicide among young men to the lowest level since the 1970s, and a decline among young women to the lowest level since 1968 - yet at the same time we have what the Bristol researchers call “a massive increase” in the percentage killing themselves by hanging. In which case, it is reasonable at least to ask how many are buying into the decorous notion of hanging as a “swing into oblivion” when in fact it is anything but.
Perhaps there is a distant thought that because it was once the preferred British method of execution there must be something vaguely humane about it. Perhaps those ghastly images of Saddam Hussein's death - here one second, gone literally the next - left some kind of favourable impression. In which case the impressionable young might be better off reading accounts of pre-high-tech public hangings, where the victims “danced” at the end of a rope and it was a final gesture of love for relatives to tug at the twitching feet to shorten the death throes.
Amateur hanging is a dreadful death. An American paramedic friend, with 30 years' experience of collecting the remains of suicides, dreads the hangings most of all. Almost everybody, he says, gets it wrong; some decapitate themselves in the process (“those are the lucky ones,” he adds darkly), some show signs of a protractedly long period of consciousness and some - the ones that haunt - clearly changed their minds too late, as testified by the desperate gouges around the neck.
Even pro-suicide “experts” agree. One of the reasons to feel confident that the internet was not to blame for the Bridgend deaths is that there is too much information available there that actually offers discouragement to hanging. It takes only minutes to find suicide user-guides online - unbearably matter-of-fact, alphabetically ordered lists of means of death, together with the pros and cons of each. Hanging gets a pretty convincing thumbs down. It is, apparently, unreliable and hideously painful: “You might not lose consciousness for five or even ten minutes,” one instructs. “And that will feel like an eternity.”
I understand that the descriptions above are distressing to contemplate; they weren't a barrel of laughs in the writing, either. And they must be even more distressing to any who have lost a friend or family member to a hanging, although presumably those who have sat through a pathologist's report at an inquest will have better than an inkling of the detail.
But the longer we keep the veil drawn, as long as suicides “swing into oblivion”, later to be found “in an empty house”, we are relinquishing the chance to put hanging right up there with the relatively infrequent methods of suicide - jumping from great heights, for example - whose unpopularity boils down to their being just too frightening for all but the seriously determined.
Whether it be hellfire and brimstone preachers, teachers with axes to grind or newspapers on a prurient roll, I do not generally relish modes of communication specifically designed to scare people to death. It is, however, a different matter altogether to scare them back to life.
Carol Sarler is a commentator and broadcaster
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To Tom in Manchester, Sir, may I presume you are not a regular reader of The Times?. May I make so bold as to state that recently, within its pages, we have read of speculations by physicists and scientists on Dark Matter, Time Travel, Parallel Realities and many other matters. Even the Roman Catholic church has been forced to admit the existence of a "Spirit world", because the evidence is so overwhelming. My own thought, perhaps seemingly bizarre to orthodox materialists, is that this world we inhabit is like an old black and white photographic negative, which, when we progress and develop into the next dimension upon physical death, bursts forth into full colour and perspective. Does this answer your point?.
Edwina Funkwhistler, Taunton, UK
I pray for those whose pain is too great to bear. Suicide is a selfish act, that hurts those left alive most of all. Why hurry things along? The Dalai Lama says that to be born is to suffer, and we must all age and die. The only solution is to recognize our universal fate, and to reach out to those who hurt, just like us. Enjoy the vastness of the earth, the sky, the moon......we are here for but a moment. By helping someone who is worse off than you, you can help ease your own suffering, and theirs.
Wilbur Varela, Los Angeles, Tibet
It seems like Marcus is sharing a right tip for the future suiciders, by saying,"always putting the knot of the noose under the left side of the chin."
Great man, i hope you and me and other will not follow the genius technique.
Shantam I Singh, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
This article should be required reading in every school.
Paul Taylor, Poole,
.A Coroner's inquest finding or testimony leaves out the gruesome details of pain and suffering to spare the family of the victim.
Thank you for a much needed article, however painful to read.
Frank Madigan, Capreol, Canada
If these people took the time to read Albert Pierrepoint's book they would get it right every time. Albert hanged over 400 people and was a real master of the art. In all those executions he claimed to never once caused the criminal to die from strangulation or be decapitated. A couple of vital techniques involve stretching the rope overnight, using the right drop length in accordance with weight and build and always putting the knot of the noose under the left side of the chin. In one case from the moment Albert entered the condemned man's cell to the moment he was dead took only about 8 seconds. Genius.
Marcus, London,
A fascinating article. Just a quick note to Edwina in Taunton:
As best I undestand it, death (or as you put it 'oblivion') isn't a belief system. It is, quite simply, fact. To suggest that shuffling off this mortal coil somehow entails shuffling onto an entirely different one, is a foolish and foolhardy thing to do. Perhaps you could back it up with something, such as the name of at least one of these 'leading world scientists' and why they believe this could ever be the case.
Tom, Manchester,
Carol is exactly right. The more people who know how ghastly suicide is -- in particular, the nightmare legacy of guilt and anger and confusion left to the loved ones of the victim -- I'm sure they'd never carry through with that particular way of dying..
And yes, I'm speaking from experience. My youngest brother hanged himself nine years ago. I watched my parents age 20 years overnight, and still have nightmares about it all; about signing the death certificate; about viewing his body in the mortuary and having to decide if it was 'acceptable for viewing ' by the rest of the family... it as all utterly horrific.
Suicide is a horrible way to leave this earth.
Brad, Toronto, Canada
Carol has written a very gruesome feature here. Has she ever seriously considered writing a script for a horror film?. As for the quote mentioning "the final swing into oblivion", this may be one person"s belief but should not be stated as fact. Even our leading world scientists are now suggesting many other realities coexist with our own, perhaps the final swing on the rope sends us thence, on a one-way journey. Perhaps our moral should be, IF YOU WANT A RETURN TICKET, don"t consider hanging yourself, think of something less lethal.
Edwina Funkwhistler, Taunton, UK
An excellent article. Thank you.
Paul M, Puerto del Rosario, Spain