Fintan O'Toole
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The quickest way to understand the uncertainty that holds sway as Ireland prepares for tomorrow's referendum on the EU Lisbon treaty is to think of the “what have the Romans ever done for us?” scene from Monty Python's Life of Brian. On the one hand, there are the equivalents of the People's Front of Judea and the Judean People's Front - a fissiparous array of small groups ranging from right-wing Catholics to Trotskyites - all anxious to strike a blow against the big boys in Brussels.
Like French and Dutch voters, who rejected the abortive EU constitution, of which Lisbon is a low-tar version, the Irish seem instinctively inclined to listen to dissonant voices, to rebel against their own political establishment and to scupper the best-laid plans of the Eurocrats.
But the question “what has Brussels ever done for us?” elicits a similar list to the one that Monty Python's would-be revolutionaries have to concede. There's the roads, the aqueducts, the sanitation - much of Ireland's modern infrastructure was partly paid for by the European taxpayer. Even the treaty's opponents agree that the EU has been crucial in Ireland's belated emergence as a wealthy modern state. More than that, there is a sense in which the EU has been seen not as a threat to Irish independence, but as a vindication of it.
From the vantage point of Britain, with its deep vein of Euroscepticism, this may seem a paradox too far. How could attachment to the EU go hand in hand with the passionate nationalism that created the Irish state and that has remained, through the Troubles, much more than an historical vestige?
The answer is simple enough: before Ireland joined what was then the EEC in 1973, it was a very small country that still depended overwhelmingly on trade with its former ruler, Britain. In 1973, 55 per cent of Irish exports went to the UK. In 2005, just 17 per cent did. Of the thousand or so multinational companies now based in Ireland, just over a hundred are British.
From the Irish point of view, the EU made sense of independence, giving Ireland a seat at the European table that, for example, the Scots do not have. It also underwrote a peaceful social revolution that gradually transformed an agrarian, conservative country exporting beef, butter and Guinness, into a place that feeds much of the world's appetite for Viagra (made in Co Cork), Botox (made in Co Mayo), and microchips (made by Intel in Maynooth, previously known only as the headquarters of the Catholic hierarchy).
The Common Agricultural Policy may not be popular in Britain, but in Ireland it bought off the politically powerful farmers, allowing the country to make radical changes while avoiding social conflict. So, if the EU has been so good for Ireland, why are the polls suggesting a real possibility that the Irish will vote “no” tomorrow, bringing the whole process of structural reform to a shuddering halt?
One reason is the treaty itself. Those in the UK who demand a referendum should be careful what they wish for - reading, analysing and voting on a 287-page legal document (“in the first subparagraph, the words Without prejudice to paragraph 1 and Article 14(3),' shall be replaced by In accordance with Article 11(3)'”) is hard work. The polls suggest that the single biggest reason for voting “no” is that people cannot understand the document.
This wouldn't matter so much if Ireland still had the rather authoritarian culture that the EU has helped to banish. With the Roman Catholic bishops all but advocating a “yes” vote, business and trade union federations both in favour and every substantial political party except Sinn Fein (which has only 7 per cent of the vote in the Republic) campaigning frantically for a “yes”, those who are confused are being asked to trust the great and the good who understand these things.
But trust is at a premium in Irish politics right now. The long-serving Prime Minister Bertie Ahern, once known as the Teflon Taoiseach, was forced from office last month by a drip-feed of revelations about his bizarre personal finances in the 1990s. Last week, while his successor Brian Cowen was out asking voters to trust the Government and vote “yes”, Mr Ahern's answers to questions at a sworn inquiry in Dublin were being greeted with open and incredulous laughter in the public gallery. It is not a great time to be asking Irish voters for blind faith in their leaders.
Something else is going on too - a bit of a sulk. For a long time, Ireland was the EU's little pet. Being poor and small and charming, we were showered with money (about €40 billion or £32 billion) and encouragement. We responded by being model Europeans and, to be fair, used the money to better ourselves. Now, the attention has all shifted eastwards and Ireland's new wealth means that it is about to become a net contributor to the EU budget, rather than a big beneficiary. Although no one in Ireland says so publicly, EU solidarity looks a little different when the Irish taxpayer is building roads in Estonia than it did when the German taxpayer was building roads in Co Mayo.
The temptation to grab the spotlight, to make the EU notice us again, is strong. Add the opportunity, in these disgruntled times, to put up two fingers to the entire local establishment, and it becomes almost irresistible. But it is held in check by the fear that the Irish, so used to being liked in Brussels, will be written off as troublemakers and ultimately lose the little lustre that we still have. And then there is that pesky “What has the EU ever done for us?” question. The Eurocrats, damn them, have done rather a lot. We are poised between the pleasure of poking authority in the eye on the one side and the fear, on the other, of seeming like ungrateful sods.
Fintan O'Toole is an author, columnist and assistant editor of The Irish Times
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Great article. Life of Brian should be compulsory viewing. Still as funny and as potent as it was 25 years ago. I would be really interested in the definition of democracy as espoused by most of the people who voted No, particularly Declan Ganly of Libertas. Fluff with Eamon Dunphy was poor
Pat, Portlaoise, Ireland
"The polls suggest that the single biggest reason for voting no is that people cannot understand the document."
It is also the best reason, as an earlier contributor has already said -"If you cannot understand a legal document don't sign it.." -particularly if you don't trust the daftsmen.
Amin Aswet, Gibraltar,
Asking voters to trust the Government?Or ask the Governments trusting the People.All the other European Governments decided NOT to trust their own People! No referendum, no direct democracy, cannot understand the document. Do you think all this is innocent? I don't think so my self. Vote NO Ireland.
Marius, Montreal, Canada
To Kevin Ryan :)
That's what 's I call a " pro-European" stance. i couldn't agree more...let's tie the knot as you say; We are the same family, right?
pascal-pierre, Dinan/ Brittany, European Union (France)
As England and Germany pay for everything anyway, why dont they just cede from the EU and form a 'Saxon Union' with zero VAT and 10% income tax? (Apologies to my Celtic in-laws). I'm even willing to agree that no English players are allowed to weaken the federal football squad.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Kevin Ryan's right. We Europeans must hang together or assuredly we'll hang separately. We can't compete on equal terms with China and India now, and with Brazil and others tomorrow, if we don't get our act together. Dearly-won Irish independence won't mean much if Europe sinks to 3rd world status.
JF, Canterbury, UK
To Paul in Coventry,
Ireland didn't "vote" to secede from the union - it took several hundred years and countless armed rebellions to realise it. Perhaps a greater irony, now that the UK looks to Ireland to vote NO to Lisbon and to protect it from the EU bogeyman.
Damien, Dublin,
Europe did help us but we gave away our fish stocks. Europe gets 93% of a 5billion/year industry and has done for 25 years. We got 40/50billion cash in return. We have earned our rights in Europe.
A no vote is for democracy, 1% of europe should not be allowed give pseudo validity to this treaty.
john, dublin, ireland
It should be the other way round, "What is the EU going to do for us ?" In Britains case very little of use has been done so far except irritate the natives who have spent the last forty years sharpening their spears. Our roads are falling to pieces, despite the vastness of our taxes. Soon we walk
Phil de Buquet, Newport,
It is ironic the amount of British people hoping for an Irish 'no' vote when the only reason that Irish people have that right to that vote is because the Republic voted to secede from the UK in the first place and hence have its own written constitution, something that we have never had.
Paul, Coventry,
I'll be voting No. I'm not happy that several points are "to be decided at a later date". The rest is uninteligible. If Lisbon is so important, all the details should have been in place prior to us voting on it. If it is rejected, we won't be kicked out and the gravy train will still roll.
Caroline, Wexford, Ireland
It's not really a question of "what has the EU done for us". It's rather a question of "why doesn't the EU listen to its people"? What is at stake here is the transformation of the EU into a democratic institution, in which the people have a say, and not just elitist Commissioners and heads of state
John, Trieste, Italy
When buying insurance it's sensible to read the small print because the devil is in the detail. The ConTreaty is no different. It's deliberately difficult to understand because that's where the 'catches' are. If you don't understand a legal document you shouldn't sign it. Same with this. Vote NO.
Donna Walker, Effingham, England
I've never been to Ireland. Who would I trust if I were Irish and an EU member state? What's this Lisbon treaty all about? I've never heard of that either.
Grady M Revis III, Arvada, USA
Most of our roads, rail network, river crossing bridges, ports, stately homes, government buildings were built under the English - not the EU. We didn't fight them out of ingratitude, rather a desire to decide what is best for ourselves.
I want to trade and travel - not discuss social issues.
Richard, Ireland,
As a Brit expat in Athens, I recall Ireland's "No" on Cyprus's entry to the EU until Brussels came up with a sweetener. No doubt they will re-play that particular game. That said, they deserve credit in offering a referendum and the 1937 Irish consitution is much clearer on civil rights than Lisbon.
Dr David Green, Athens, Greece
Low tar is as dangerous for the health as high tar, just less taste. A man who accedes to a contract he can't understand, and which can't be understood is a fool. Those politicians who say they understand it are either ubermensch or liars. Being politicians the latter choice is considered axiomatic
Bill Q, Derby,
I believe that Ireland should vote yes on Thursday. The real threat to Ireland, Britain and all of Europe over the next 50 years will be from China and India. Now is not the time to fight with the family, now is the time to end the engagement and go and tie this knot once and for all.
Kevin Ryan, Galway City, Irish Republic
The public of Eire could will go down in history as being the second most sensible nation within Europe if they reject the Lisbon Treaty. The other one who did is Switzerland - referenda are a regular feature of its diirect democracy - and their electorate have always been keen on self reliance.
Robert El-Cid, Hull., East Yorks.,
Also Ireland & Britain have civil rights unheard of in Europe, such as the right to home-school (in Germany it's totally illegal and the children are taken into care for educational neglect!) and I'm scared of losing those rights.
Tracy, Tipperary, Ireland
The Irish shouldn't even need to have this vote, it is not, as Fintan O'toole would have us believe, different, it's the constitution, just harder to understand. The corruption riddled democratically deficient eu won't accept this, they just want more power to be handed to the unelected commission.
Barry Davies, Stafford, U. K.
Wake up there Tom in Dublin! Ireland can do (an awful lot) better than pander to the flatearth prejudices of British eurosceptics.
Maeve, Cork,
Louisa (vote YES!), London, UK - you insult both the Irish constitution and the democratic process by referring to the referendum as a 'legal loophole'
Adele, Frankfurt,
Lord Pattern talked at Magdelan College, Oxford calling the Constitutional Treaty the European Constitutional Treaty and that we would fall into an abyss if failed, there was no alternative to the treaty and then we had the Lisbon Treaty.
Susan James, oxford, uk
There still hasn't been put forth a strong argument to vote Yes. The arguments for No are much stronger. Remember the brave men and women who sacrificed much to break the yoke of submission. Don't go backwards.
Tom, Dublin,
Mr. O Toole has rehearsed every argument in the "ungrateful" box. Perhaps the Irish have read the treaty and believe it a bad one, as did the French about constitution. The pushers of this treaty, the big nations, have never acted except in their own interests, why should the small not follow suit.
Raoul Morris, Canterbury,
Scotland does have a seat at the EU table, it's labelled 'United Kingdom'.
Frank Upton, Solihull,
Very good article.Valerie:the reason we have to vote is because the Irish constitution is different to those of other European countries and so,under Irish law, issues which can be decided by government in other coutries must, in Ireland,be put to the electorate in a referendum.It's a legal loophole
Louisa (vote YES!), London, UK
Why would anyone vote yes to an institution set up by the political elite to enable them and their families to have a life of ease and pleasure at the expense of all the workers who to slog it out 24/7 just to get by. This treaty will give these control freaks even more power of our lives.
D Case, Newquay,
The treaty is almost impossible to follow - that it no accident.
The original constitution clearly spelt out what the new treaty seeks to do. When people saw what this was, they rejected it.
The words have changed, the meaning is the same.
NEVER accept an agreement that you don't understand
Paul, brighton, UKI
I don't care whether the Eurocrats multiply loaves and little fishes in their spare time. Europeans have been saying 'enough' for some time now. Ireland has the chance to send a message to Brussels that most of us have been denied.
Mark, Berkhamsted,
Ireland is not the last ditch defence against the Treaty, don't forget there is a Judicial Review underway, and the Lords have not yet had their say, so there's hope yet.
jeremiah, London,
No is the only way to Vote The EU has abanond us all they are only instrest in how many million euros they can line their own pockets with in MEP allowneces, We should not only vote NO, but all so put an end to this mess and end the political part of the EU.
Mr W Jones, Liverpool, England
Having now read the thing I can say it's a darn sight better than the former proposed Constitution and contains important Irish and UK, Danish, Polish opt-outs secured in the face of possible rejection. Ireland today bears a panEuropean veto: over to you Ireland, read it up and vote with conscience!
Mike L, Chippenham, Wilts
(sings)
"And Ireland, once a nation, be
A province once agaaaaaaain"
(pulls at pint)
Thon Brocket, Belfast,
Well, now the Irish people are the last ones with the chance to rescue democracy in the whole EU. Rescue? Yes, even compared to Germany, where people had no vote on important matters like the Lisbon treaty, it's a backstep in democracy. At least to the Germany of now, in 1933 it was a bit different.
Daniel Schupp, Aachen, Germany
have constantly been lied to by our Euroaddict leaders. What we have now is far beyond the "closer economic ties" we were lead to believe was the prospect. People of Ireland can do a massive favour for all of Europe. Vote NO and bring the bureaucratic juggernaught to a shuddering halt
david, london,
Underneath the bloody-mindedness and the fear, there is a genuine unease about what is happening here. Why are we the only Europeans voting on this reformed EU constitution, for that is surely what it is? Something's rotten in the state of Denmark ... and all the other states too. Should we oblige?
Valerie Whelan , Bray , Ireland
"what have the Romans ever done for us?" - havent heard this reason for voting no FROM ANYONE. Big reason for NO I have heard is "I dont understand it, ill vote no". The feeling that this should be voted on by all Euro Citizens is big, shouldnt be just us. And how undemocratic for europe the latter!
aidan o driscoll, Carrigaline, Co. Cork, Ireland
This articles inference that it's an - either or - choice for the Irish is stupid.
The Irish farmers CAP subsidies won't stop and the multi-nationals won't suddenly dissapear leaving the tumbleweeds blowing through Irish success. The unpopular treaty will fail -that's all. Not the end of the EU!
Dale, Australia,
Strange that the Irish are so wiling to have their national, cultural and ethnic identities destroyed. You only have to look at the English premiership to see what becomes of the native English when there are no borders. The Irish will become a people without a homeland.
Paul, Southampton, England
Fintan.
France and the Netherlands like the UK are big net contributors to the EU coffers.
Hence I cast my no vote vicariously for the citizenry of the net contributors - not because I feel our farmers have been abandoned by eastward expansion, the WTO negotiations or quite necessary CAP reform.
Bryan O'Donoghue, Dublin, Ireland
Don't forget that Eurovision dumped Dustin. If they can't pick an Irish song, why should the Irish sing a Euro-tune?
David Kirwan, Sale, Cheshire
Excellent article! And I can assure you Fintan that when the British taxpayer is for paying roads in Estonia AND roads in County Mayo, EU solidarity looks very unappetising indeed!
Pauline Renton, Camberley, UK