Francis Gilbert
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The news that a mother rewards her 13-year-old daughter with cigarettes when she behaves has confirmed what I've been thinking for a while - rewards are, at best, ineffectual and, at worst, positively damaging.
A jobless single mother, Tracy Holt, 43, of Gosport, Hampshire, is so despairing of her daughter, Sam, that she now gives her some of her own fags on the rare occasions when Sam is pleasant. Ms Holt insists that the reward “works”.
Philosophically, she's not alone: last week, Ofsted produced a detailed report on promoting good behaviour in schools and advocated rewards such as trips to the cinema to stop disruptive pupils from being unruly.
Having taught some pretty rowdy children like Sam during my 16 years as a comprehensive teacher, I've tried every bribe in the school book - commendations, certificates, stickers, stars, books, popular movies, trendy music, games, colouring in, melting ice-creams, teddy bears, toys, computer games, shortened lessons, trips to leisure parks, to the sweet shop, and to the lavatory. While these are generally healthier than dishing out tobacco, they are nonetheless fraught with dangers.
The central problem is this: teachers are rarely consistent. For some - the generous, soft-hearted teachers - simply being quiet merits prizes; for others, usually the mean or the forgetful, even a PhD thesis doesn't deserve a bean. As a young teacher, I was trigger-happy about giving out rewards. Just making an interesting comment deserved a sticker, while something difficult, such as reading a book, deserved a slew of chocolate buttons. This led to an older, sterner teacher castigating me for “reward inflation”. He wisely said: “Give them a lollipop and next they'll want your wallet.”
I ignored his warning until a fateful lesson on the last day of term when my pupils surged in a giggling mass towards the large box of chocolates on my desk - and my bribes to avert the riot that had already happened vanished before the lesson began.
This experience, together with my reading of Kant's moral philosophy, made me realise that rewards are ridiculous: learning and good behaviour should be ends in themselves and not a means to an end.
Bribing children to behave merely teaches them that it's necessary to misbehave to gain a fillip for their aberrant good behaviour. It's time the British stopped corrupting their children. Perhaps the sad example of Ms Holt and her daughter will make us all rethink rewards: as with the Holt family fags, it's time to give them up.
Francis Gilbert's Parent Power - the Guide To Getting the Best Education for Your Child is published by Piatkus
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Well done Francis for raising this issue - it is central to our thinking about performance and motivation. Simplistic 'carrot and stick' methods treat adults and children as animals but we are not donkeys! Read Alfie Kohn 'Punished by Rewards' - you will be amazed.
Chris Counsell, Salisbury, UK
An indication that there is no community left in the UK?
The State schools everyone, taxes them and gives them welfare when 'needed'. Why on earth would anything resembling a community, and family spirit be necessary in such a situation?
mo, loughborough, uk
Bonuses for risk taking are also madness. Bankers should make responsible decisions for their basic salaries. Knowing that you have done your best for your shareholders should be its own reward. The serious point here is that the'all carrot no stick' approach permeates our whole society.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Our society offers endless carrots and almost no stick for amoral adults (see sport and finance). It makes sense to prepare children for the world that they will encounter rather than an idealised one of Victorian cant where virtue is rewarded and sin punished! Long live choccy treats and go-karting
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Just to ask the obvious question, you the teacher were handing out chocolate, etc., to children in your class without their parents' permission?
It's good that you now see this is wrong, but how many other teachers are still doing the same thing?
jon livesey, Sunnyvale, CA/USA
The problem is that learning is no longer it's own reward: university is now just a means to an end: earning potential. The advent of fees & continued drain of post graduate funding shows this.
Louise, Liverpool,
Children in foster care receive £20 to go to the dentist and £15 when they attend a LAC review.
What knid of training is this.? by the Corporate Parent who knows all.!
Catherine Mills, London, UK
Chocolate in class? Ice-cream? Trips to the sweet shop? I can't believe it! That type of "reward" in a school is almost as undesirable as the "family fag".
To me it sounds more like "buying" good behaviour rather than rewarding it.
Rewards are OK, but the proper, educational type please.
Sitz Dikstr, Sneek, Netherlands
Spare the rod, spoil the child.
Not very politically correct, but it worked for centuries and would still work today, unlike the ludicrous system of bribing and begging children to behave.
They aren't spontaneously mentally or morally equipped to make the decisions. They need guidance.
j griffiths, manchester, england
As a teacher in a London school I can add my opposition to the argument in this article. Yes rewards can be abused just as sanctions too can be used inappropriatelty. However, to write off rewards seems to be a deliberately contoversial suggestion to draw attention to your glib panacea of a book.
Ben Keely, London,
Thank goodness I don't teach in London anymore!
A Fouche, Thaba, SA
I told my children a good education is like money in the bank so their life will be easier when they are older. Why should a child be rewarded with a £130 X-BOX just because they are doing what they should be doing anyway?
Dave Farmer, Broxbourne, England
I tell my children that the reward for good behaviour and work at school will be the qualifications they gain in later yeras allowing them to pick and choose (i hope) the career they want.
We need to move away from rewarding what should be considered the norm.
Nick Sutcliffe, Thrapston,
children are individuals, what works for one child does not neccesarily work for another. Carrots work far better than sticks for my child but I would never suggest this would therefor be true of every child.
Gillian, Glasgow,
Rewards for complying with social norms contribute to this sense of entitlement that the youth of today have.
"What are you going to give you if I behave" should be answered with "what's going to happen to you if you don't"
If you reward for nothing then nothing is all you'll ever receive
Andy, Eugene, USA
You reward competitions or jobs, not good behaviour per se. It's fine to give a prize for the first one to complete the maths worksheet with 100% correct, or to have paid milk monitors - the coveted post given to reliable pupils. What is not OK is rewards for sitting quiet in class.
Malcolm McLean, Bradford, UK
How is it that Casinos do so much business? Another question: why is it that some kids like to be paddled or sent to the office? I think the central problem is lack of experimental control over the classroom by the instructor. If there are 30 people in the room, 30 people are reinforcing behavior.
David, Nashville, USA
Carrot is occasionally effective, stick is very effective...
...but the most effective of all?
Example.
Lizzie, London,
It is also important to treat every pupil the same in front of other pupils. Even if Tommy is misbehaving because he has been abused by his dad, other children need to see that he is punished for biting Timmy. If children realise that special treatment is available, they will not respect the rules.
Amy Cunningham, London, England
Punishment - or, more usually, the mere threat of it - is far more effective. It's also more appropriate, as we are simply asking children to behave in a normal acceptable way, and do their work to an acceptable standard. They should not be rewarded unless they do something outstanding.
Tom Welsh, Basingstoke,
At long last someone has articulated some sensible advice on classroom/child management.
THANK YOU!!
Pat.R, Cwll,
You don't need to be Einstein to realize that the stick is more effective than the carrot. The PC brigade's removal of the stick from the classroom has produced the generation of jobs that we see every weekend in Britain's city centres. It's time to end this failed experiment.
M smith, Bangkok, Thailand