India Knight
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According to new research carried out at University College London by the Health Behaviour Research Centre of the charity, Cancer Research UK, and published last week in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, there really is such a thing as a fat gene. Researchers who studied 5,000 sets of twins found that genetics has more of an influence on weight than upbringing, exercise and diet. Scientists said parents should therefore not be blamed if their child is fat, as three-quarters of the variations in children’s weight and waist measurements were determined by their genetic make-up.
The long and the short of it is, America may be the most obese nation in the world – Britain is not far behind – but it’s not anyone’s fault. Nothing at all to do with them. Fat genes, you see. More pie? Frappuccino with sweet whipped cream to wash it down?
I hate to blithely dismiss a whole swathe of scientific findings but I don’t believe a word of this. Fat gene, my foot. Funny how it seems to manifest itself only in the prosperous, cake-guzzling carb-and-sugar-laden West. Where are the obese Sudanese toddlers? The porky Ethiopians?
There has been an eightfold rise in prescriptions for obesity drugs – I don’t believe in obesity drugs either, although I do believe in getting a grip – over the past seven years. A million of these are now being written out annually at vast cost to the health service. Nothing to do with fizzy drinks and processed carbohydrates, if we’re to believe these findings – and, of course, nothing to do with self-control: that is, changing your diet and maybe considering dumping the chips and biscuits or, you know, going for a brisk walk every now and then. No: keep at the chips, keep your lardy bottom firmly in your car and demand obesity drugs as your right because it’s not your fault, it’s your genes.
Meanwhile, we are, the government tells us, in the grip of an obesity epidemic; the problem’s magnitude is “comparable with climate change”. According to last year’s Foresight report (the document on which government policy is based), almost two-thirds of British adults and a third of British children are either overweight or obese. The report predicts that by 2050 just 10% to 15% of the population will be at a healthy weight. Britain is the fat man of Europe. We spend £1 billion a year treating obesity-related health problems such as type 2 diabetes (which used to be called “adult onset diabetes”, but got a name change when so many fat children started getting it), strokes, high blood pressure, heart disease, damaged joints and so on. By 2050, according to Foresight, the cost will have risen to about £50 billion, including medical bills, incapacity benefits and lost working days.
The excuses that people make for their own fatness drive me mad (I know whereof I speak and am not wholly unsympathetic: I was very fat myself at one point), and you can just see the mileage they’re going to get out of being told that it’s all down to genes. It’s not. It’s down to taking control of your life and down to choice: you can choose to be fat or choose to be normal. You can choose to make sacrifices or choose to be lazy – and if you choose to be lazy and remain fat, then fair enough, but accept that it’s your own doing and take responsibility for it.
Having written a diet book explaining how I lost my five stone, I also have a diet website that acts as a support tool. I’ve lost track of the number of people who, having read the book and familiarised themselves with its no-sugar, few-carbs principle, still come on and say things such as “I literally can’t live without Coke, is it okay to keep drinking it?” or “I don’t think I can give up biscuits, can I keep eating them?”
There are three things to realise about fatness: a) you made yourself fat (and therefore can make yourself unfat); b) if you want to shrink, you have to dump the kind of eating that made you fat in the first place; c) nobody is mysteriously fat for no reason. The last is the most important: it’s only when you look at yourself honestly and stop making excuses (“but I’ve had a terrible day and this doughnut is cheering me up”) that your diet is going to work. Irritatingly, the diet industry and, to an extent, government advice and guidelines tend to ignore c) completely.
Being fat is as much a mental state as a physical one and until this is addressed I don’t see any reduction in the size of the problem occurring any time soon. It’s no good wailing about rising levels of obesity if you show no interest whatsoever in trying to understand why people overeat in the first place. People overeat for psychological reasons, not physical ones.
There is no such thing as an obese baby – well, there might be a baby with weight problems if it suffers from a certain syndrome or genetic condition, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, of which this is a symptom. But generally speaking, obese newborns simply don’t feature. It’s what you feed your children that makes them fat. In the days when it was considered normal to top up formula milk with a couple of spoonfuls of porridgey baby food, babies got incredibly fat – because stodge makes people fat.
The fat kids you see waddling around aren’t fat because their genes just made them that way – they’re fat because they take very little exercise and are fed a great deal of fattening food which, to add insult to injury, contains very little that’s of any nutritional value. It’s not rocket science. Give your child sugar-laden “juice” and batter-covered chicken, chuck in industrial quantities of “food-product” stodge, dole out sweets as “treats” and raise them to be suspicious of vegetables, and voilà: you can start your own obesity epidemic. Especially if you blame their chafing thighs on their genes.
To be fair, the so-called fat gene identified by researchers needs to be triggered: having it will not automatically result in having three chins. This is the bit that’s going to get lost – the bit that says that if you have a genetic predisposition to fatness, you need to be extra vigilant. However, drowning as we are in nutritionally bereft, fattening everyday foodstuffs, everyone needs to be vigilant about their diet – and their children’s diets. The fact that people clearly aren’t, and that appallingly fattening foods with giant marketing budgets are not only widely available but also constantly touted as being “healthy”, is really reprehensible.
We need to educate ourselves about nutrition and we need to read the label. Above all, we need to get to grips with the fact that fatness is a personal choice, one that can’t be blamed on anybody – or anything – other than our own greedy behaviour.
india.knight@sunday-times.co.uk

India Knight was born in 1965. She lives in London with her three children, writes a weekly column for The Sunday Times, and a weblog, Isn't She Talking Yet?, on bringing up a child with special needs. She has also written two novels, My Life on a Plate and Don't You Want Me?
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Thank you, India Knight, for your rational honesty.
Genes have a lot of explaining to do if they're to be blamed for a tripling in child obesity in just three decades... Not to mention, these fat genes must be affecting everyone in the house, as 30-50% of America's dogs and cats are overweight... (Not sure about the UK figures on domestic pets.)
None of us would be here today if we weren't good at bingeing and storing fat... Only the the genetics to survive famine have made it this far. So the question now is after eons of surviving scarcity, which genes will survive abundance?
Darwin seems to have an answer: Obesity hinders fertility, pregnancy and delivery, and results in a higher incidence of birth defects.
There are plenty of folks out there living healthfully in defiance of their "Fat Genes." Let's avert this crisis from the path of children and dedicate ourselves to PREVENTION.
MeMe Roth, CHC
Nat'l Action Against Obesity
www.actionagainstobesity.com
www.MeMeRoth.net
MeMe Roth, New York, New York, USA
Fat people why do you ask our acceptance?
Fat people are a massive drain on UK finances.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/sep/09/5
That means that whilst people choose to be fat, everyone, without choice, has to pay for it. Therefore people of normal weight have a legitimate cause for concern, the fattest people are of the lower socio economic groupings (courtesy of a europe wide study of 40,000 people).
http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/markets/europe/article1295696.ece
Because they earn less they pay the least taxes. Yet they are the largest drain on financial resources, that's like going to a restaurant and eating the most whilst paying the least (that's an analogy I thought you fatties might understand).
Now do you understand why regular, normal people don't accept fat people?
Eat less, exercise more = A thinner you
James M, London,
The average resting human body puts out between 80 and 100 Watts of heat. Less than that and you feel hot; more than that and you feel cold. Spread over 24 hours (and converted to imperial units), that's somewhere between 1600 and 2000 kcal. Put more in and the body will store it as fat (approx 5000 kcal per pound). Put less of it in and the reverse happens.
Basic thermodynamics and conservation of energy. Fat cannot come out of thin air or be "melted away" with wonder drugs.
Steve Amphlett, Worthing, UK
Dan'l In Portland :
To be fair to Ms Knight, there is a certain form expected of people writing for newspapers rather than academic journals, I wish there weren't but there we go.
Anyway I was rather intruiged and confused regarding your point about East Africans, I think the issue is not East Africans but any population on the planet where food is not abundant will tend to show that in these circumstances people are slim.
I'm totally unconvinced by the genetics argument, I think the issue of obesity is 99% psychology.
Dave, Bristol,
Dear Ms. Knight: It's unfortunate that you've taken a decent point (overindulgence in the west) and muddied it by denying facts. Body type (including 'fat') is often genetic. That hasn't been disagreed with by nutritionists or geneticists for quite some time. The point is, what can you do with what you have; how can you best use the body God gave you. Much of the obesity and overweightness in the west is self-induced. Diet, exercise, rest, stress...all the standard culprits are in the police line-up. But, that doesn't mean someone who's large is abusing their body.
And your point about east Africans is rather disingenuous. To wit, I have many relatives with a similar morphology: and it ain't skinny. However, I have ZERO east African's in my family tree for the last 8-10 generations. Likewise, they do not have my western european genes in their ancestry. Didn't you know that people are different?
Funny how journalists have such a relationship of convenience with facts & science.
Dan'l, Portland, US/Maine
Claudia in Atlanta : You are perpetuating a widespread myth about eating, the person who eats more does so because they have developed a habit to do so. Permanently changing these habits requires dispensing with excuses and self-deception and stopping the bad eating habits for good, then not seeing oneself as someone who "deserves a treat" for self-restraint. There are far more rewarding things in life than eating.
Dave, Bristol,
"have a challenge for you all. Try to exist on half your normal food intake for two weeks, and then see how you feel!!!"
normal food intake? it's not 'normal' thats the point!
my friend has type 1 diabetes and is so frustrated that people give themselves type 2 despite very loud and clear warnings.
lifestyle has changed. more people are in office work than manual labour now. sat on your bum all day at work gives you no exercise, and you can munch on food whilst you work. but even that's no excuse, it is self restraint. simple.
fine, eat chocolate cake! it tastes good! just don't eat it everyday.
Rach, Cardiff, Wales
Society in general has evolved into a blameless culture over the last 15-20 years or so. People are more selfish, and are less likely to accept responsibilty for their own actions, getting fat is easy that's why so many people do it. The path of least resistance is now the more likely choice of anyone who thinks that maybe getting rid of the fat can be done with magic pills and potions.
Tony, Midlands,
The Archbishop has made much of the misreporting by the media, which to an extent seems true. Nevertheless he was asking how aspects of Sharia law can be accomodated into British law, for example divorce and inheritance law, laws that do not give equal rights to men and women, Muslims and non-Muslims. The Archbishop's comments are at best naive.
Nick Lowe, Maidenhead,
What many don't grasp is what's genetic is your baseline appetite level. Some people can eat a couple of tablespoons of icecream and be full. Others can eat the whole container and not be full. Probably in earlier times, many people just existed in a state of greater hunger than others as they all had to eat the same amount of food. For all of you people advocating the fatties to "just lose weight", I have a challenge for you all. Try to exist on half your normal food intake for two weeks, and then see how you feel!!!
Claudia, Atlanta, USA
Hi India. I usually enjoy reading your articles, but not so much today. I'm not sure I can do this justice by putting it in my own words, so I'm adding a link. If you -- or any of your readers -- have the time and inclination to have a read of this and other, similar blogs, you might find them interesting.
http://kateharding.net/but-dont-you-realize-fat-is-unhealthy/
I hope they at least make you a little more open-minded about obesity and fatness.
Mrs Fisch, Northern Italy,
I agree with all of that apart from "We need to educate ourselves about nutrition and we need to read the label" It is not about reading lables, it is about buying food without lables, fresh food, with which you make things. A stir fry of wonderful quality is done, start to finish, in 45 mins. People with weight problems, don't need to not like food as much, they need to like food more. Then they would care about the real quality and unadulterated delight that freach food can bring.
Brian, Oxford,
I certainly have to agree with this. I was always terribly sympatric with fat people until I lived with one. I had a chubby roommate, who became fat, then obese to the point of breaking furniture--all before my very eyes. Finally, I had to ask him to leave.
Although one person does not a study make, the fact that he would not take responsibility for his body and diet--it was appalling--seemed to me to inevitably creep into other areas of domestic life. After breaking a solid oak desk chair, he insisted that it was a design flaw of a chair made since 1850 or so, and not the rolls of his fat taxing the struts. Of course, he refused pay for getting it fixed. Nor to fix the depressions in a pine floor from the breakfast chair legs. As for other psychological tidbits, I can only say that he was a shrink's smorgasbord.
For better or worse, I now look at the obese as individuals with deeply, deeply unresolved problems. I know that when I was putting on lbs, I simply changed my life.
JHSibal, Kew Gardens, , NYC, USA
I simply couldn't agree more.
Rob, London, UK
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