Libby Purves
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Professor Jonathan Waxman wrote eloquently and angrily in this space last week about the “absurd and arrogant” decision by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, NICE, not to recommend health authorities to give four good new drugs to kidney cancer patients. He underlined our low spending on cancer, the shortcomings of the “quality of life” calculations that NICE makes, and the “paltry” sums saved by denying these particular treatments. These arguments, from a senior oncologist, have power and reason; it is hard to think of the anxiety and panic the decision will have spread through the ranks of those who were hoping for a lifeline, even if it turns out to be temporary.
But there is more to be said, on a wider front, about the question of National Health Service rationing. The renal cancer decision seems - from medical comments - to be a particularly bad one, and it may change. Many NICE rulings have done: from Glivec (leukaemia) to Lucentis (age-related blindness). But some of the lay comments and arguments about the decision have been far too simple, like that of Billy Bragg on Any Questions. Such purists condemn all rationing and refusal of expensive treatment, saying from high principle that the NHS must look after everyone, in every way that has been invented, and should always be funded to do so.
That isn't possible. It never will be. Medicine and surgery have advanced too far to make that Utopian universal guarantee viable, and so has society. We now classify as illnesses things that once were accepted as mere misfortune: infertility, addiction, old age, gloom, shyness or childish overexuberance, unusual physical appearance. In many ways this modern solicitousness is admirably humane; economically it is a nightmare. No budget can ever stretch to meet every need with the ideal and latest treatment.
So there is already rationing in the NHS. Oh yes, there is, and it isn't going to stop under any government. Some local health trusts won't give you a new knee if you're fat, or IVF if you smoke, or liver transplants if you drink. Others will. Some defy guidance and go for the latest cancer drugs, yet have woeful mental health services; some run model services for the elderly but refuse to countenance stomach stapling, or minor cosmetic procedures for patients tormented by their sticking-out ears. As to less visible decisions, GPs - now made strongly aware of economics by the fundholding system - make judgments every day: based on age, usefulness, even likeability.
If you read back over ten years, especially in medical journals, the same message keeps coming through: we have rationing, but it is bad rationing because it is muddled, irrational, inconsistent, and all too often covert. Nine years ago a survey of 3,000 doctors found that one in five had known a patient die or deteriorate rapidly because treatment couldn't be afforded. A senior BMA spokesman, Dr Hamish Meldrum, said: “We have to make choices and set priorities... people have been mucking around trying to avoid the word ‘rationing' but we would like a whole public debate.” Geographical anomalies were also striking.
Two years later the British Medical Association said that the concept of the NHS as a service offering all treatments may have “outlived its usefulness” because some rationing is inevitable. Six years later, again, another survey found that it was already half of all doctors - not a fifth any more - who admitted they had patients suffering because of cost. Again, that call for open debate. “Rationing,” said Dr Michael Dixon of the NHS Alliance, “is the great unspoken reality... the only people who refuse to mention the R-word are the media and the politicians”.
The BMA suggested last year that we make a clear statement of “core services” available nationally, leaving local health authorities able to decide, when they had spare money, on what to offer beyond the core: fertility treatment, stomach stapling, cosmetic adjustment, removing the sort of varicose veins that present no health threat. Their report also pleaded for some mechanism to protect the NHS from day-to-day politics, with an independent board taking power away from beleaguered and media-sensitive politicians. There are problems, certainly, not least the difficulty of deciding when local discretion becomes a resented “postcode lottery”. But the calls for a proper debate go on - depressingly identical over the years - right up to this year's BMA statement that rationing is “a fact of life” and we should be honest about it.
Governments freeze at the very idea. Who wants to be in charge - and facing the artfully heartbreaking media tales of deserving cases - at the moment when such rules are laid down? Let me pluck examples from the air, endorsing none in particular. Imagine yourself PM at the moment when it is firmly stated that IVF can't be funded because infertility is not life-threatening whereas cancer is; that drunkards, smokers and addicts are required to get clean before any but emergency treatment; that stomach-banding is subject to co-payment in arrears since you'll be eating less; or that life-extending (as opposed to palliative or Alzheimer's) treatments cease at 85? Imagine being the hard-hearted monster who rules that under-50s, breadwinners and parents of young families get formal priority with new cancer drugs, or that there is an age beyond which heart surgery is not offered. My mother, who died last week at 92 (in an excellent cottage hospital), famously turned down a pig's heart valve two years ago with the sharp observation that the idea was “unseemly'. Being from a morally robust wartime generation and reading The Times daily, she was aware of greater needs unmet.
As I say, I endorse no measure in particular, so don't write in. But the current system is no good: patchy, pot-luck, covert, giving shocks and alarums with every NICE ruling. I am all for doctors making clinical decisions; I am all for the NHS learning to waste less money on administration and duff computers. But as a nation we really do have to sit down and agree on what is in the core national entitlement, and what is not. There would still be more help, hope and comfort in that core than previous generations (and much of the present world) could dream of. And we would know where we are.
Libby Purves worked for some years for BBC Radio 4, as a reporter and a presenter on the Today programme and, since 1983, has presented Midweek. She joined The Times as a columnist in 1990. She received an OBE in 1999 for her services to journalism and was Columnist of the Year in the same year. In her spare time she writes bestselling novels. Her opinion column appears in the The Times on Mondays
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David /San Diego, yes the UK'smay have socialised medicine but dont ignore the faults with your system in the US. On international measures of quality, the USA come out bottom (commonwealthfund) - 47 million Americans dont have health insurance, they wont get care however long they wait,
Bob, London, UK
Billions spent on IT and big pay rises for consultants & GPs??
Maybe we should be charging people that turn up at Hospital with alcohol poisoning or the extremly obese.
and why do we reward alcoholics & drugies with extra cash payments? Only for them to buy more poison!!
Absolute lunacy!
Graham, St Albans, uk
There would be enough cash if the rich paid the same rate of taxation as the workers on PAYE
David Seagrave, Southampton, UK
Did I really see someone write "The NHS should ... provide care only to those who have contributed"?
I didn't ask to be born disabled. I've contributed a lot to society *after* all the childhood healthcare I had. ... who's going to draw the line on provision?
Jane Stemp, Wincanton, Somerset
The peoples of England have chosen socialized medicine. With socialized medicine comes rationing, long waits, reduced survivability. Despite common knowledge of this, there are some in the United States that also are wanting socialized health care. Let's hope we're able to resist it.
David Thomason, San Diego, CA, United States
Don't pay for IVF and ban abortion.
Problem solved.
Charlie, Candler, NC, USA
An agreement between drug companies and the NHS to pay only for treatments that work could be a way forward. Also not replacing trident would give us £100 billion to play with, as well as getting out of Iraq and Afgahnistan. Buy the Heroin give it to addicts,solve our crime wave and aid Afg economy
ian, durham, england
Let me guess, Libby: You're healthy.
Ed, Wailuku,
I sure am glad that I live in the US where healthcare means you call your doctor and get an appointment. I have had appointments "today" a few times. I understand that you can wait for three months for an MRI. I have never had to wait so much as three hours. Tsk. Tsk.
Cyrus Bear, Saint Paul, USA/MN
Why should rationing be at the delivery end?
Treatment should be the priority, not cut randomly because 13 billion's been wasted on rubbish IT and hospitals employ more clerks than consultants. Ration the managers.
UK treatment is delayed by targets, red tape and job creation. Fatal combination.
Susan Wade Weeks, York Central, UK
Rationing healthcare is the only logical way to keep healthcare happening. There is only 100% of healthcare available. Thus, logically, it can be split between people that need it, but only to 100% . It's pure folly to think that Santa Claus deals out healthcare to everyone, forever.
Mrs. Dana Higgins, Oldham, UK
Rationing is inevitable. What is chilling from the list of choices is the one that favours the breadwinner and the parents of young children. Quite popular, as the majority will be in these situations at some time. Cancer knows no boundaries so should win politically, but will it under G.Brown?
D.L. Stephens, York, England
Sorry to hear about your mother, Libby. She must have been a remarkable lady to produce you. It is encouraging to see some people at least realising that a nationalised health service has had its day and a core service with insurance for the add ons is the way forward.
Mike Fowle, Felixstowe, UK
What gauls people more than anything else is the huge amounts of wasted money being poured into the NHS. I would guess that running NICE would fund quite a few treatments alone! Its about time the whole system was overhauled and de-centralised, de-politisised made the peronal service it should be
tony Southampton, Southampton, UK
Perhaps we should follow the example set, many years ago, by Oregon. They held a referendum on what should and should not be covered by state funding.
Some luxury or non-essential items such as fertility treatment and many forms of cosmetic surgery would be candidates for exclusion from cover.
Chris, Ashford, Middx, England
Absolutely right. Provide new drugs to Patient X and you have to decide which other patients should be denied another treatment. I wonder, however, whether a little less might be spent on charlatan IT consultants, administrators (proliferating much faster than medical staff) and NHS pensions?
Frank Upton, Solihull,
Why don't people admit it - the NHS is a fraud. "Best possible care for ALL FREE" was how it was sold and the myth perpetuated. Be honest, go back to the drawing boad Now we have the horrifying concept of the state deciding which sick person is worth saving and who is not.
Dr J Findlater, Carnforth,
Libby is absolutely correct. We all carry around potentially fatal conditions and now live long enough to be affected by them. Medical advances make available a much wider variety of treatments, but if we spent the whole of GDP on health we still couldn't treat everyone for everything.
gordon, Didcot, UK
An absence of democratic accountability makes a bad situation worse. Plebiscites on medical need would be unwieldy and create perverse decisions.
Perhaps local areas need thier own NICE to decide on local priorities?
Tony, Wirral,
Self-responsibility in all health matters one CAN control, NHS aid/treatment in all matters one can NOT, lawsuits to recover damages from those refusing to act responsibly, cost-cutting innovation & moderation in all behaviours. THAT'S the remedy - for ill health AND NHS budgets.
Larry, Middletown,
We have a free at the point of need Health Service and an open immigration policy. The two don't mix. The extra money poured into the NHS since 1997 has been more than matched by the number of people pouring into the country to take advantage of it. The taxpayer loses out completely. What a waste.
Sean Hunter, Glasgow,
A brave and sensible column. Isn't it odd how we accuse the government of "wasting our money" when it's spent on something that doesn't interest us, yet tend to forget it's still "our money" that funds the NHS? Someone has to take hard decisions as to how it's spent - I'm just glad it's not me.
Barry, Wallington, UK
Heres a shocking idea- How about i pay a monthly amount and a company gives me a list of services i can access if i need them, if i want more i pay more. You know like every other service or good, seems to work well food, shelter, clothing, cars, ipods.....
Gavin, London, GB
Excellent article! Where discretion should lie should definitely be publicly debated. Personally I don't think fertility treatment should be funded, but I believe cochlear implants for children should be, yet neither infertility nor deafness are life-threatening conditions.
Shav, London,
The rationing needs to be made more logical but we also need to allow self funding in parallel with NHS treatments. Troubling as it sounds, if I want to buy a few more months of life later on, I should be able to - without compromising my right to any NHS care that I have paid towards all my life.
Melissa, London,
The NHs will never be efficient until it is run by doctors independent of the state.
The state is poor at running the health service. Let the state provide personal insurance and let the medics run the health service.
This model works very well in France. Great service and no waiting.
M Reid, Northampton,
The huge cost of IVF and similar non-life threatening treatments drains resources which could be available for e.g. cancer saving drugs. In the longer term, costs of such new treatments will come down due to economies of scale & so in the longer term cancer and IVF treatments will both be affordable
PP, London,
British people simply do not pay enough for their health services. In Belgium, compulsory health insurance costs about 200 euros per month (according to means), and even then there is a small amount to pay for a visit to a doctor and for a prescription. These costs are similar throught the Eurozone.
Andrew May, De Panne, Belgium
I agree, no budget in the world gives everything wanted. The NHS should a)provide care only to those who have contributed and only to those who cooperate in their care, b)only provide strictly medical care and c)act premptively to prevent many illnesses.
helen, Norwich,
The state cannot have it both ways, expecting citizens to pay huge sums but deciding (rationing) who gets cured. This is not on. The only option therefore is to pass full responsibility to the citizen and privatise.
malcolm, ely,
"there will never be enough money to meet every need" is too defeatist. Treatment is limited by the huge costs of research, but the expectation is that eventually research will basically be done with, and there will be the capability of easily treating almost any condition. Not now, but not never.
Graham Rounce, London, UK
If the NHS didn't give care to everyone who asks but rather only to those who have contributed, perhaps then there would be the money to give the latest drugs. It is decidedly unfair to deny treatment to those who paid their dues for years and yet treat the medical tourist at no charge.
Nona, New York City, USA