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I learnt a salutary lesson about journalism on the day, many years ago, when I was asked to check out a popular myth of the early 1960s. It was the case of the yellow golliwogs, and it was a story that ran and ran.
The claim was that, at a certain grammar school in the West Country, girls who had lost their virginity were proclaiming it by sporting fluffy little golliwogs on their lapels. It sparked an outbreak of social panic: standards were slipping out of control, we had begun to breed a new generation with neither morals nor shame, postwar Britain was heading for disintegration. Clergymen took to the pulpits, there were thundering editorials.
Alas, the story, as I discovered, was without foundation, indeed it had been exposed early on as a complete invention, conjured up on a dull weekend by an imaginative, if somewhat fevered local correspondent, sheltering behind phrases about rumour and gossip. The revelation that it was false had done nothing to undermine the legend. It cropped up again and again, recycled in newspaper articles as an exercise in journalistic prurience. It even became a movie of famous awfulness called The Yellow Teddybears.
The lesson, which probably needs to be relearnt at regular intervals, is that the facts are rarely allowed to interfere with a good story.
When last weekend, The Times reported that the legend of the Loch Ness monster might finally have to be buried because sightings of the creature had dropped to a record low, the story circled the globe, eliciting weird explanations of what might have happened. Global warming, inevitably, was blamed for its demise, low-flying jets were cited in evidence, the call went out for extra vigilance from those who regularly scan the waters of the loch for a glimpse of that famous neck. That every alleged photograph of the monster has been exposed as a demonstrable fraud has done nothing to undermine its credibility. Besides, an entire tourist industry depends on its existence.
It has two other elements that all long-lasting myths require to sustain them – it is not susceptible to final proof, and most people would prefer to believe the fiction than to dwell on the fact. To learn, as we have had to, that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy, just as the Warren Commission determined more than 40 years ago, will never dispose of the conspiracy theories that continue to hang around that earth-shattering event. Not one hard piece of evidence has emerged to sustain the rumours of CIA or Mafia plots, and yet they continue to outweigh the bleak truth of what actually happened.
An entertaining account, just published, of the best of enduring myths by Albert Jack – Ten-Minute Mysteries – shows that rational explanation is often the last to be considered when a genuine mystery presents itself. The Bermuda Triangle – that sinister stretch of ocean that has allegedly swallowed more planes and ships in bizarre circumstances than any other – turns out to be no more dangerous, statistically speaking, than any other part of the world. Marilyn Monroe died, not because she was murdered, but because of the accidental dose of drugs she was prescribed by her doctor.
There is no such thing as the Yeti or Big Foot, an ape-like creature of enormous size, because it was, originally, a straightforward hoax. All those mysterious crop circles were created by a network of admittedly lunatic gardeners. The first sighting of the Loch Ness monster in the 1930s turns out to have been the trunk of a swimming elephant, being given a watery outing by Bertram Mills’s circus.
All this love of myths might simply be dismissed as a loveable disposition for the mildly batty over the humdrum reality of existence, except that mythology can get out of hand. The opening of the inquest yesterday into the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, and Dodi Fayed suggests that a conspiracy theory can escalate into something far more sinister than speculation, and may, if not controlled, destroy reputations and even lives. It seems almost beyond credibility that allegations of conspiracies to murder, of royal plots and state cover-ups are being considered by a formal legal process that will continue for weeks and cost millions.
The facts have been gone over often enough to dispose of the wilder rumours, and no one, except Mohamed Al Fayed and possibly the Daily Express, seriously believes them. They have, however, been given sustenance by a nation, a readership, and now, it seems, a judicial process that demands that they be disinterred yet again, whatever the pain and anguish to those most directly affected by them – Diana’s sons, their family and her former husband. Whatever the conclusion will be, we are all too aware that those who are determined to pursue the vendetta will not accept it.
We should by now be sufficiently mature as a society to dispose of this kind of lunacy. Yet, if anything, our appetite for the fantastical is growing. The Lockerbie bombing now has a serious following that suggests that the explosion was part of a CIA plot, that evidence linking the attack on the Pan Am aircraft to Libya was falsified, manufactured and deliberately planted, with the knowledge and participation of British Intelligence and the Scottish police force.
Just at the point where there is a need for clear heads and serious investigation, the inquiry is hampered by wild and unsubstantiated rumour. There may well be strong evidence for reopening the case and for carrying out a full inquiry, but that does mean that we need to lurch into mad conspiracy theories.
The time has come to wean ourselves off this fatal addiction to mythology. We should learn to distinguish between entertainment and reality, to separate fact and fiction, and to understand that real life is more than just a video game for adolescents. In short, we should learn to grow up.

Magnus Linklater's journalistic career spans 40 years, taking him from editor of Londoner's Diary at the Evening Standard to editor of Spectrum and the Colour Magazine at The Sunday Times and editor of The Scotsman. He joined The Times in 1994 and writes a weekly column on Wednesdays. He was chairman of the Scottish Arts Council from 1996 to 2001, and often writes on Scottish issues
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one should always ask the question, who is the fool, the fool or those watching. The idea we are to believe a person or person who are governed by the official secret act, and are we to believe any memeber of the official establishment to not be on message. The death of Diane is very personel to the people of england and no farce of a court will change their suspicions about diane's death.
michael joseph heavey, cahersiveen>adams towns, madness
That last photo in which Henri Paul appears startled by the flash of the paparazzi's camera right in front of him is, I think, the most crucial evidence. the camera flash blinded him. Also, a person who has been drinking could experience a longer flash image, lasting long enough to cause him to drive into the pillar. At speed in a heavy car, it would be fatal. I think the Henri Paul was blinded by that flash. There were also witnesses who reported a flash in the tunnel. I hope the court considers it.
Aussie, Adelaide, Australia
There is nothing wrong with asking questions!
If someone has been murdered, you cant just dismiss questions if they dont fit in the goverment line of things. It's just imature to dismiss questions as a theary thought up by a "conspiracy theaorist".
For instance, Diana her self though she was the victum of a conspiracy to assisinate her, therefore, in your eyes, she as a conspiracy thearorist?
Who cares if Oswald could make the shot or not? It's not important and has no bearing what so ever, fact being the president was shot.
What about the fact that the injuries the president had, changed from one place to another? When his body was moved to the morge, the head wounds he had from the autopsy had changed along with how his body was wrapped and the casket he's seen going onto the plane with.
What about the witnesses that chased a man with a gun at street level?
What's wrong with asking these questions, they were asked years ago but still havn't been answered?
Andy T, Hartlepool,
What a poor analogy - loch ness and princess Diana's death. The author's giving us an impression we live in a perfect world
where intelligence agencies only give guided tours of of their headquarters to tourists and have colourful websites for office workers to entertain themselves when they're bored!
I sincereley suggest that the author of this article consider doing a little research into what working in the intelligence world entails, but on a lighter note I admire the author's romanticised perception of world events...
Mijan, Newcastle Upon Tyne,
Re Nic Harrison's comment: Oswald was an excellent shot - he achieved sharpshooter status during his time in the USMC. To counter these conspiracy theorists who question if all shots could have been fired in the time that Kennedy's motorcade was within range, it is demonstrable that even a poor shot could do it. For Oswald, it was no problem at all There was no crossfire, no 'magic bullet' - Lee Harvey Oswald's guilt as a lone assassin has been conclusively proven See Dale Myers work on computer reconstruction of Dealey Plaza based on the Zapruder film. http://www.jfkfiles.com/jfk/html/concl.htm
Chris Maitland, Birmingham,
I don't entirely agree with Mr. Linklater... it's not so much an "addiction to mythology" that we suffer from---every indication we have is that human beings *need* some form of mythology---but rather, the problem is a gross deterioration in our critical thinking skills. We're losing the ability to properly examine and judge what is true or plausible, and we're forgetting how to use empirical skills to discard nonsensical ideas. We could debate about the causes of this--and no doubt they're numerous---but surely one cause is the perfectly-justified cynicism we've engendered in ourselves, since many of our cherished institutions have failed us in recent decades. But there *is* a danger--Kenneth Clark pointed to it almost 40 years ago, when he spoke of the threats to civilization, and one of these threats is when we give in to despair and lose confidence. Surely the situation Linklater refers to is indicative of just such a loss of confidence---in ourselves.
Randall Hess, Ithaca, NY, USA
Reference Charmane and Peter. Exactly, when I was young, my parents told me that thunder and lightning was God's way of expressing anger, they were the 'authority' so I blindly believed them.
It is a sign of growing up when you don't take everything at point-blank, face value and you start asking questions for yourself...
Elliott, Cheltenham,
Yeah. That's right. Everything there is to know is already known. Every explanation given by an official is truthful.
The world is exactly how we are told it is. Questioning is a sign of immaturity.
C'mon man, who is it that needs to grow up?
Charmane, Bkk,
There a many stupid irrational people in the world, and always will be. But I like to think I'm not one of them. So, I found the phrase "we've got to grow up" rather irritating.
Peter, Chelmsford,
What's going on here.? Next thing you'll be telling me there's no Santa Claus. I can smell a conspiracy when I see one. You can't fool me!
Jamsie, Carndonagh, Co. Donegal
"A fatal addiction to mythology". Golly. How sad when all we have left to sustain us are reason and mature dissection of known facts. I much prefer these to be tempered by magic, irrationality and the excitement of secrets. I can't prove that Marilyn was murdered by paparazzi acting on orders from the Vatican in league with Joe Kennedy to deflect attention from the Dead Sea Scrolls but that don't mean it ain't true ...
Chris, London, England
Money makes the rumours go round. When James Lewthwaite retired in Manchester the Daily Express staff gave him a framed article - his "scoop" on the existence of a Loch Ness Monster, which he had heard from a drunken old Jock who claimed he had seen a "beastie". But end the myth? Not as long as everyone can make money out of it, and keep the tourists and American professors funded for their "searches" bringing in the dollars. The "beastie" was a golden goose.
Pete, London.
www.peterkinsley.com, london, england
Surprisingly, you barely mention the biggest conspiracy theory of our age: Human caused climate change. This conspiracy will do more than destroy a few peoples lives and reputations.
David Ashton, Warrington, England
Qutie right! We do all prefer some fiction over facts. And this CAN lead to disasterous consequences. Just ask George Bush. He prefered the fiction of WMD over the facts. He prefered to sell Saddam Hussain as a terrorist than a leader of a sovereign country. That Saddam was a monsterous villian straight out of a James Bond film was always going to be believed over the facts. Why? Because we love fiction and Bush and the rest of our leaders know we'll buy that over the facts, because the facts are boring and harmless and won't lead to wars.
Andrew Duncan, Godalming, UK
In order to believe in the wilder such conspiracy theories, you must have a profound disregard for the inability of the human species to collaborate on any but the simplest objectives. We're just not capable of carrying such things off .
Pat ODonnell, Ascot,
Is it not said that 'where there is smoke, there is fire'?
Why have the 'conspiracy theories' grown up around these incidents and not others? There must have been something unusual in the circumstances to bring up suspicion in the first place!
How many Premiers have been assassinated? Why choose JFK for conspiracy theory?
How many UFO sightings/crashes have been reported? Why choose Roswell for conspiracy theory?
How many lakes/lochs have people seen something strange in at one time or another? Why choose Loch Ness for conspiracy theory?
There must have been some particularily unusual circumstances about each incident, it is pure, naive, narrow-minded ignorance to believe the government every time.
Oh, by the way, I once heard something about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq, can't remember where, must have been a very disreputable source...!? ;-)
Elliott, Cheltenham,
And then there's the one about the majority of people in the UK being against going into Iraq, when, in fact, polls taken before the invasion showed that about 60% were for it, UN vote or not.
Check it out on Yougov, and hands up all those who quietly changed their minds in hindsight.
al, weybridge, UK
Now, would Mr. Linklater please come to this side of the pond and debate our televangelists.
Jeffrey, Reading Ma, USA
Agree with the comment on Dealey Plaza in Dallas. I was very surprised how close range a shot it was, the building is not setback at all from the street, With a telescopic sight, the only "skill" involved was working the bolt twice as the car went by. The media went on and on about how Oswald was a qualified marksman, anyone could have hit that shot.
Jim Connors, Durham,
Jeremy Buxton has put it perfectly.
Read his words, all you who whisper malevolent suspicions about the McCann parents, and then crawl off to your holes and die of shame.
Jonathan Wilton, Singapore,
I agree, stick to the facts. However, the crash happened the damage on every photo ever released demonstrates that the driver was well above the safe speed limit in a built up area. A responsible driver with a VIP on board doesn't do that. Cause of death was result of a high-speed collision and that is the driver's responsibility, fair and square.
Of course, Prince Phillip could have leapt out of the glove compartment, pressed the accelerator down before driving into the wall and then leapt out of the car after the crash and flown back to England on a broomstick ... in company with some flying pigs. Why let the facts get in the way of a good story.
KR, Stockport,
Re Lee Harvery Oswald - it is always claimed he was not a good enough shot to have pulled off the killing, a few years ago I was working in Dallas and went to Dealey Plaza.......from the book depository to the Kennedy motorcade was such a short distance he could have practically poked Kennedy with the rifle......................not such a difficult task after all!
Nic Harrison, London, UK
i can't help thinking how neatly religion fits into this article.Another area where we need to grow up.
ron, toronto,
It's something in all of us. From Astrology to Biorhythms we believe in things simply because they are more satisfying than the truth. Science has a long row to hoe.
Alan, Greenwich, NY/USA
Surely to blindly believe everything the government tells you, is worse than investigating things?
If the government tells us that the sky is pink, should we just believe it, or should we actually question what they say?
Sometimes the facts are ignored, simply because we we're told they don't count any more.
Arthur, Newcastle,
I agree - enormously dangerous myths have grown up over the past decades, fed by governments, self-interest groups and a frenzied media. 'Margaret Thatcher is a very clever woman' was one, a few years ago. 'Nuclear power stations are safe' is another. And there's something going round at the moment about David Cameron being an effective leader. Well.... I ask you?
eric campbell, harrogate, uk
Unfortunately, Jeremy Buxton, the simplest explanation is always the most BORING. A bit of conspiracy theory is hard to resist and anything sinister appeals to many of us.
Asta, Hamburg, Germany
Thanks for the common sense. Conspiracy theorists, rumour spreaders, and supporters of moral panics are all of them the enemies of decency and wisdom. God rot these hateful fools!Grubby little imbeciles can't bring themselves to understand the truth that the simplest explanation is always the best.
Jeremy Buxton, Perth, Australia