Magnus Linklater
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Sometimes a country, like a human being, feels under the weather, lacks the will to work, wonders how it is going to get through the day. It is a mood swing that can envelop towns or cities. It infects communities, and entire families from time to time. So when David Cameron yesterday launched his brave new plan to get the long-term unemployed off their feet and back into work, I wondered how it would go down in Easterhouse.
This is not just a rundown housing estate in Glasgow, it is the place where, in a sense, the whole idea began. On these mean streets, Iain Duncan Smith, the former Tory leader, experienced what has come to be known as his “epiphany” - a conversion to compassionate Conservatism as an antidote to the hardnosed Thatcherite version. After touring the crumbling tenement flats and the rubbish-strewn closes that characterised the place in those days, he told the party's spring conference in 2002 that politics was “not about winning votes for the Conservative Party in places like Easterhouse. It's about being a party that doesn't just drive past Easterhouse on the motorway.”
Today, the Tory motorcade swings right into the heart of Easterhouse, bringing with it an idea to convert the hardcore unemployed in this and every other work-free zone in Britain by offering them the chance of finding work through community schemes, backed by the threat that if they fail to seize the oportunity, they may find their benefits stopped.
I cannot, in all honesty, report a universal “huzzah” from the good folk of Easterhouse, still emerging from their new year revels. Sandy Weddell, the Baptist minister who first showed Mr Duncan Smith around the estate, confessed that the atmosphere this week was a little “bedraggled”. Most people, he said, were feeling “dwamy” - a wonderful Scots word that means exactly what it sounds like: something between underwhelmed and oppressed. That is to say, the prospect of them welcoming a Wisconsin-style scheme to ease them off benefits were little better than so-so.
That is not to say that the idea is still-born. On the contrary, Mr Weddell conceded that some of those for whom the unemployed state has not only become ingrained, but has been passed down through two or three generations, would find the stick of a robust threat, such as loss of benefits, at least as important as the carrot of help in winning the skills and confidence that could eventually find them a proper job.
But what he and some of Glasgow's officials emphasise is that a single government scheme with all its centralised bureaucracy would never fit the many and varied issues that keep 100,000 people in Glasgow obstinately on the dole despite the widespread availability of jobs. “Every family is different, every case throws up a new set of circumstances,” he said. “You'd need a Plato-philosopher's government to meet every scenario.”
The same message, in different form, came from the councillors. Cities such as Glasgow, Liverpool, Birmingham or Newcastle, who have been in the front line in grappling with the social ills that stem from an antipathy to work, have experienced several ambitious schemes, not least ten years of the Labour Government's welfare-to-work programme - in the course of which they have acquired more first-hand knowledge about the attitudes and responses of the unemployed than any number of Tory think-tanks.
What Steven Purcell, Glasgow's pragmatic leader, urged was that the cities themselves should be given the ability to tailor any new scheme to the needs of their own citizens. “We need greater flexibility rather than a top-heavy new scheme,” he said, “You have to make the right investment in the right quality of work to gain any long-term benefits and finally get people out of the miserable lifestyle to which they have grown accustomed.”
Determining where and how that investment should be made was best done at local rather than national level. Far from dismissing Mr Cameron's approach, however, he thought it deserved proper consideration, with the proviso that it should be tailored to the needs of the city rather than the other way round.
Nothing in the Conservative policy contradicts this idea - indeed to devolve responsibility for administering it would be a very Tory approach. Every scheme that has been examined around the world, principally in Australia and America, has been tailored to local requirements, and been repeatedly modified through trial and error. Two ideas, however, have predominated: that actually experiencing work helps jobseekers to become more employable; and that continuing to draw benefits confers responsibilities on those who receive them.
The key to success, as every other country has found, lies in finding work that is both readily available, but also undemeaning. Simply assigning jobseekers the nearest bit of local drudgery - a park to be cleaned up, a graffiti-daubed wall to clean - is likely not only to bore them from the start, but also to alienate them from the very concept of work. As Mr Weddell pointed out, the days when it was a matter of pride to be a local park warden or a greenkeeper have largely gone.
What has not been entirely eliminated from the national bloodstream, however, is the notion of achievement - the completion of a decent job well done, the satisfaction of discovering that work can be enjoyable, the financial reward that recognises genuine effort. If, at the same time, it is of direct local benefit, then that is a bonus. It might even be enough to alter the mood of the community, however dwamy it may be feeling.

Magnus Linklater's journalistic career spans 40 years, taking him from editor of Londoner's Diary at the Evening Standard to editor of Spectrum and the Colour Magazine at The Sunday Times and editor of The Scotsman. He joined The Times in 1994 and writes a weekly column on Wednesdays. He was chairman of the Scottish Arts Council from 1996 to 2001, and often writes on Scottish issues
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In the 1950s when I was a boy I visited an exhibition in the campus of Manchester University. One topic was "Cities Of The Future". To my astonishment it was predicted that in the future most people would have large cars, pleasant homes, colour television, central heating and refrigerators. This seemed incredible at the time as most people had none of these things and had no prospects whatsoever of obtaining such items. Another interesting prediction was that "There would be more leisure". It was claimed that computers and all manner of automatic machines would be doing so much work that humans would only need to work two or three days per week. Well they were correct on this point too! What was not mentioned was the way that this "leisure" was going to be distributed. Now that most of the UKs manufacturing has been exported to low wage countries there is even more "leisure" than was predicted in the 50s. Not all unemployed people are lazy.
David Benyon, Bude, UK, Cornwall
Given how appallingly mundane, pointless and unrewarding many low-class jobs are, I'm not surprised that so few people in Easterhouse -- or the Rhondda valley, or a dozen other employment blackspots -- are so reluctant to work for a living. If my only choice to living on benefits my whole life was working in one of those sweat shops they call "call centres", I'd stick with the benefits too!
Andrew, Cardiff, Wales
I think David Camerons idea is just what is needed. There are millions of people out there, living off the working mans taxes. They spend all day in bookmakers and the pub, laughing at everyone else going to work. Get them back to work at any cost. Don't work, Don't eat. Truest statement ever said.
John Adams, Dudley, West Midlands
John Morley - you will find the figures readily available if you do a search. You do get more in work, because although it is possible for basic benefits plus housing benefit to add up to more than the minimum wage, you can get housing benefit if you are on the minimum wage, so you will always get more money if you are in work.
Sue, Birmingham, UK
Sorry if I misunderstand the reference, but if it's to the U.S. State, the name is "Wisconsin", not "Winconsin".
James Stevens, St. Paul, Minnesota,
Nobody except the truly unemployable gains from being on benefits, so we should welcome any fair and humane scheme that will get SOME people off benefits without worrying that it might not fit everybody. The liberal/socialist state government of Wisconsin had great success with its scheme and large numbers who started with menial jobs progressed to better ones. There's no reason to suppose it wouldn't work here, even if our government administration is less effective than Wisconsin's.
Frank Upton, Solihull,
Diddly Do, Liverpool,
If your disruptive at work, your fired.
If you dont work, you dont eat, incentive enough?
Dominic, Manchester, UK
This is pure politics at its worst. The tories would do better offering training and skills development or business grants.
But that doesent scratch the political itch does it. The unemployed are smeared as wrong doing wasters.
So imagine this; You are fifty something your company made you redundant as so often happens. You have made a significant contribution to society all your life including paying your taxes. You cant get another job easily because fifty year olds are expensive in terms of wages and pension contributions. Younger guys are just cheaper to employ.
Then the government disrespectfully labels you as a waster.
The tories seem to believe that all unemplyed people are from a council maintained netherworld of promiscuous young mothers, drugies and car thieves. This of course is not the case. This really does highlight the fact the folks with Camerons background really are out of touch with the people.
Audi Driver, kelso, borders
"Every family is different and has a different set of circumstances"? Oh, right, so we, the taxpayer, have to tailor a program for every one? Get real, benefits should be there as a short term buffer and to offer a basic level of support to individuals between jobs, they are not there to provide a family's main income or to allow people to do jobs they "want" to do or consider it "worth" them doing. An individual on long term benefit is in a gilded cage and is unlikely to want to break free themselves, if you remove their benefits people will find the motivation to work and society, as well as the individuals, will be better off as a result.
Doug Bates, St. Albans,
When the Tories are elected, and mass unemployment returns, they propose to spend hundreds of millions providing attendance centres for those out of work.
Those who prove unable to meet the requirements of employers will be starved on the streets and their lives and prospects will be destroyed.
Instead of having to pay, via contractors, to have parks maintained and toilets cleaned, they will sack the existing workers, forcing them onto the dole, and replace them with an army of unpaid, coerced poor people.
How will they find tasks for all the criminals sentenced to perform unpaid community service?
Oh, and isn't there something in the European Convention on Human Rights banning forced or compulsory labour, and discrimination on the grounds of property?
But then, the 'savings' might help rich people to pay the increased fuel costs that seem inevitable, and there will be substantial economic growth generated by the demand for new prisons.
Compassionate and progressive!
John McAllister, Bristol, England
I take it, therefore, that Mr Linklater is advocating either a 'do nothing' approach because it's too painful, or an approach that offers infinite customisation, even down to a family by family level, which we all know could never be implemented before the UK ran out of the money to fund the programme.
It's worth everyone who has the job of reporting on the Winconsin-style plan to read what the state of Winconsin actually implemented and achieved before writing it off in this off-hand cynical way. Unless Mr Linklater actually wants Easterhouse to remain as-is for the forseeable future.
bobby tran, enfield,
One might have hoped that forcing people to do some sort of work in return for benefits might make a numbe of claimants realise that, rather than doing the drab boring tasks they have been assigned, they coudl put in some effort and get a salsried job which would be more enjoyable and (hopefully) better paid. This being the case, there is an argument that the jobs should include demeaning or low scaled activities.
Of course we need to decide if the "community schemes" are meant to be the carrot or an aspect of the stick. If they are meant to be the sweetner, then th schemes need to provide jobs of work which will both reflect roles available in the local employment market and develop skills to help an applicant win such a job.
Bob, Reading,
I am unsure of the exact figures, however, I am fairly confident that the minimum benefits (JSA, Housing, Council Tax)received by a person who is out of work equate to more than the minimum wage. As some people work for the minimum wage, we cannot possibly call the system fair when some work for the minimum wage and others take more than this for doing nothing.
If you are out of work for a long period then you have either given up on finding work and so being given tasks to do (even if demeaning) will give a sense of purpose back to you, and thus improve your self esteem. Or you were never actually intent on looking for work, in which case being forecd to earn your keep, may make you decide to get a job and stop taking from others.
I do no proport to know the exact policy that should be adopted. However, I do beleive this sort of scheme has to be the only fair way to go forward, I hope the government, local and central will do what we pay them for and develop such schemes.
John Morley, Manchester, UK
The tories started such schemes of forcing the long term unemployed into work under Thatcher. One of these schemes was called Restart, I think. The fact that nobody seems to remember these schemes perhaps shows how successful they were.
ER, Croydon, England
The one thing about these make work schemes or training that does not apeal to the unemployed is the fact that they are de facto compulsorary. Despite everything one might think about being unemployed, this condition, like everything else in life can become something the individual becomes used to and personal coping strategies emerge to enable people to fill their time in adequately. Like a warm blanket this regime encompasses their life and after a time and they resent being forced to change. Just like trying to give up drinking or smoking, the individual really has to want to give up. When the long term unemployed are made to do a job or training then the amount of disruption they cause often undermines these initiatives. Until these problems are tackled imaginatively then the future for these 'community work' schemes or compulsorary training will be bleak indeed.
Diddly Do, Liverpool,
There will always be work that some will consider "demeaning". The question therefore is who should perform the demeaning work? Should the taxpayer be required to pay someone to do it, while at the same time paying someone NOT to work? Do not those who have been on benefits for years owe the taxpayer something in return?
Issues such as this would better be framed as "the people" or "the taxpayers" demanding something in return for their caring, rather that "the Government". Payments to many of those in need are now seen as an entitled beneficence without obligations or reciprocity .
Bob Evans, Anaheim, California