Magnus Linklater
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The killing of Frank McGarahan has an awful resonance for any of us (and that means most of us) who have ever walked away from a street fight, turned a blind eye to violence, blocked our ears to those disturbing cries outside the bedroom window which might be nothing more than an exuberant row, but could be something much worse.
One moment 45-year-old Mr McGarahan was standing in a taxi queue on a Norwich street, the next he had embarked on an act of mercy that led to his death. He saw someone being assaulted and went to their assistance - the kind of action that was once held to be a virtue in our society but is now widely regarded as folly. He was set upon by drunken thugs, badly beaten and taken to hospital, where he died after a traumatic cardiac arrest. His bravery was instinctive and admirable, and it cost him his life.
His case might have been just another crime statistic, except that Mr McGarahan was a leading figure in the banking world, in charge of more than 7,000 staff, managing the assets of some of the world's wealthiest people. An assault which, in the East End of London, in Moss Side, Toxteth or Easterhouse, Glasgow would barely have merited a paragraph, became headline news. For most of those who read it, the story must have confirmed a gut feeling that the country is in the grip of random violence, and that on no street in our towns and cities are we safe from assault, fuelled by drink or drugs, with knives or even guns an occupational hazard.
Yet his death coincided with the issue yesterday of figures from Scotland, which showed that violent crime has dropped to its lowest level for 25 years, and these in turn follow statistics from the British Crime Survey in July, which demonstrated that the risk of being a victim of crime has fallen from 24 per cent to 22 per cent, the lowest level recorded since the survey began in 1981. For most middle-class citizens, violent crime in Britain is a rarity, more rare indeed than it has been for a generation. That may be why a grim assault of the kind that led to the death of Mr McGrahan is so shocking. But it does not explain why the generally accepted perception that we live in a violent society is so deep rooted.
That may be because in some places the perception is an accurate one. The uncomfortable truth is that we live in a society divided by postcode. For those who inhabit the secure world of middle-class Britain, in the suburbs or inner-city enclaves where the height of drama is a failure to empty the wheelie-bins, violent crime is sufficiently unusual for most of us to get through life without ever encountering it directly. We may catch a whiff of it late at night as the crowds pour out of a rowdy nightclub, or find ourselves crossing the road smartly to avoid a sinister-looking gang on the street corner, but we are still shielded to a remarkable extent from the harsh reality of crime.
In other places, by contrast, it has become ingrained in daily life. Most burglaries, most assault, most knife or gun crime, most domestic violence takes place in areas of high unemployment, rundown housing and broken families, which feature on every known index of social deprivation. In places such as Moss Side, Manchester, where the combination of drugs, gangs and racial divisions have, over the years, created a culture of crime, it is almost routine to expect that a gang of youths will be armed.
In Glasgow's meaner housing estates, the expectation that at least one member of a street-corner gang is carrying a “blade” has become so well established that it is not considered worth reporting, and police fight a losing battle in communities that are ruled by a fear of retaliation from criminal elements. There are communities in South London where drugs are the common currency and where some young people have dropped off every known social register to form an underclass that is almost unreachable by the statutory bodies that should be monitoring them.
In places like these, to report that crime is in decline becomes meaningless. The figures that may suggest a percentage point down here or there collide with the grim facts of daily life; here, perception and reality are one and the same. They rarely impinge, however, on the better-off areas that may sometimes adjoin them. Unlike cities such as Johannesburg, where crime is so all-embracing that, to survive at all, it is necessary to retreat behind high fences and barbed-wire barricades, Britain retains social divisions that demarcate between areas high in crimes of violence, and others that are relatively free of it.
From time to time, of course, these two societies collide - by accident, perhaps, by mistake sometimes, through some vicious burglary, fuelled by drink and drugs - or, when a decent human being like Frank McGarahan assumes that the rules that govern his world also apply in the other. That, sadly, is an assumption that none of us can any longer make with impunity. To intervene on behalf of a fellow citizen at risk is a fine thing to do. It may, on the other hand, be just too dangerous.

Magnus Linklater's journalistic career spans 40 years, taking him from editor of Londoner's Diary at the Evening Standard to editor of Spectrum and the Colour Magazine at The Sunday Times and editor of The Scotsman. He joined The Times in 1994 and writes a weekly column on Wednesdays. He was chairman of the Scottish Arts Council from 1996 to 2001, and often writes on Scottish issues
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Andrew, London - let's not kid ourselves that some people's lives are worth more than others. Let's see, who would you save from a blaze - a hard working family man with good values, or a yob who wears his ASBOs proudly? Frankly, even if I could save both guys, I'd leave the latter behind.
Jessica, London, UK
Much of what you say is right, but the reference to Joburg is misleading. It's a vast city with many areas free of street crime,but other suburbs and townships potentially violent.
If we could refrain from over-reacting and let the police do their job much more might be achieved.
Caroline is right
David, Pershore, Worcs, UK
This fatality would never have happened if courts were to give substantial deterrent sentences , and that means either life or death sentence. We are too soft - first in the home, then in schools, and now in everyday life. There is no alternative to corporal punishment and the hangman.
JB, NORWICH,
From the comments by the police, it seems that the man didn't 'intervene' in the incident, he went over afterwards, to have words or something. If the man originally attacked was now out of harm's way this was the banker's mistake. He had nothing to gain and everything to lose.
James, Cambridge, UK
Surely there is a difference between this tragic incident and gang crime? Weekend violence is a reality in town centres but root causes are not necessarily the same as those in poorer areas. Hysteria and bitterness follow this "Daily Mail" style reporting (see comments!). Misleading to say the least
Caroline, London, UK
If Norwich has been changing for the worse, then that is the bigger story, tragic for the dead banker's family though this recent crime has been. Don't lose sight of the basic question how is someone 'a homeless Lithuanian' in a faraway city like Norwich? Nations should solve their own problems.
Pete, London,
" Frank McGarahan assumes that the rules that govern his world also apply in the other." I doubt he assumed that. He knew he took a risk. I don't know if I would do the same. I don't have Mr McGarahan's courage or compassion & I am ashamed of it. His family can be very proud of his selfless action.
John, london, UK
these 3 men were probably already known to the police. In the past, the police would have regularly harrassed them to show who was in charge. But now harassment is not allowed, so they think they can get away with anything.
andrew, swindon, uk
V sad story, and that only 1 person tried to help even sadder. I was out with my partner a few xmas ago and we were set upon by a group of drunken youths. People walked by except a driver who stopped leaving his headlights on and confronted the group. They ran off and thats when other people stop
Anne, nottingham,
Yes Paul Groom, the press do apply a hierarchy to victims of crime. I'm sure we all remember "City lawyer Tom Ap Rhys Price". Your demise will only ever make the front pages if you have a high-powered job and/or are photogenic.
Andrew, London,
The communist apologists who run the country have sold us down the river. The British community spirit has been sacrificed on the twin-altars of politicial correctness and multiculturalism. We are the dumping ground for the world's criminals, who have nothing to fear from our toothless courts.
Dave, Manchester,
Post code has nothing to do with it. In Glasgow's celubrious and trendy West End, there has been a number of rapes and violent attacks on women in the last 18 months. Nowhere is safe these days and unfortunately you do now have to "walk on by" if you witness an incident.
susan, glasgow,
This "division of lifestyles" will become less blurred and, sadly, may bring increased violence into the leafy suburbs where small pockets of social housing have been built on the insistence of this government's social-engineering building policies
Also, who's to say the statistics are true?
Elinor, Hants, UK
as usual-blame immigrants, like britain and eurpoe was such a peaceful place before mass immigration -2 world wards, troubles in Ireland, child prostition, places too dangerous to walk through at night, gangs of youths. These all occurred before immigration to the UK, learn this country's history!
mark williams, stoke-on-trent,
I agree with another poster. Norwich used to be, back ten years ago, a fairly safe-ish place. But then everything changed when noticeable numbers of immigrants began to turn up in the city. Everything seemed to start to fracture.
Viv, norwich,
It would be wrong to label an underclass for this sad event. Not many from the underclass hang around the likes of spearmint rhino in Norwich perhaps why the homeless person was singled out. No excuse for the terrible event, but there needs to be care when exercising a tar brush.
Jimd, Norwich, UK
I do not believe people who say crime is not getting worse. I've lived in Norwich city centre 25 years, and the change in the last two years has been very noticeable. Society here started to break when the immigrants came. It's losing it's character fast, and not so nice to live here any more.
Roger B, Norwich,
You can prove anything with statistics and - as this government has demonstrated more than any other - particularly if you make up your statistics out of whole cloth. Violent crime is "down" because the authorities no longer take any notice of 90% of it and do not properly punish what they do see..
Rosemary, Liverpool,
This is a terrible crime and disgraceful that it happened at all.
However I find it fairly disturbing that you consider that had it happened to me I would have been just another statistic as I'm not a leading banker. Do you really have this value system for people?
Paul Groom, London, UK
The chances are in Norwich that the perpetrators did not come from any social underclass but were just a bunch of drunk and relatively well-off lads.
Bazza, Tokyo, Japan
It is time to go back to the old ways of punishment.. The Stocks, Pillory and Hanging.. We also need to change the way we bring up our kids, schools need the ability to punish again, otherwise kids do not learn to behave correctly. We have been to liberal too long, time for a change now.
jim, london, uk
Be careful. The killjoys and social engineers might hear you and decide that the nice leafy suburbs should be blighted with some public housing just so no one escapes the consequences of socially progressive policy!
Paul Neri, Canberra, Australia
Banking and charging interest is illegal under sharia law. Under sharia law he would have had first his right hand, then his left hand cut off. And sharia law is now the official law of the land in the former UK. So perhaps his death is not such a big deal?
Sim Salabim, London, The former UK
Small town America grows good people, as Sarah Palin says. Britain, however, specialises in growing bad ones. It's done by the reward of indolence with taxpayer funded benefits, and the encouragement of breeding among the least capable. Want a bigger flat? Have another kid. Thanks, Labour.
Mike Evans, Bristol, UK
The UK has become a complete and utter disgrace, it's the most dangerous place, globally with the exception of war zones like Iraq. It seems that thugs can "Execute" fellow human beings in UK and get away with a couple of years behind bars, whilst, other trivial crimes slap people for 25 yr
Stuart, Bangkok, Thailand
True - up to a point, but this piece seems based on a false premise. This attack did not take place in a Moss Side, or Toxteth. The real contrast is surely between perceived levels of violence in major cities and the actual violence that can be seen so often in smaller, rural towns and cities.
Michael Walker, W London,
If the disadvantaged could be encouraged not to breed, we wouldn't have an underclass and we wouldn't have as much violence.
Paul Neri, Canberra, Australia