Melanie Reid
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Personally, I blame the Industrial Revolution. If the average British housewife had never been separated from her agrarian roots, we would not be in half the mess we are in. We'd grow our own organic vegetables, make low-fat casseroles out of pigs' entrails and live healthily and hysteria-free beyond the subliminal control of the Tesco mother ship. We might also be a teensy bit bored, but that's another column altogether.
Can there be anything more depressing than the oppressive superstition of today's food shoppers - predominantly female - when faced with what they perceive as “bad food”? I doubt it. Logic doesn't get a look in. Although faced with galloping bills, a grave world food shortage and unassailable evidence that the high-salt, high-fat and high-sugar processed diet that they favour is killing their loved ones with kindness, consumers are opposed to technological solutions.
For - surprise, surprise - the first credible survey into attitudes to food derived from cloned animals has revealed strong concerns. The public - for which read women - are worried about safety, ethics and animal welfare. The Foods Standards Agency found that they regarded cloned animal products as “interfering with mother nature”; “an unstoppable juggernaut”; and “a slippery slope” - and that they plainly preferred to die of stale clichés rather than drink fresh milk from cloned cows. They feared such products might be unsafe for human consumption and wanted extensive five to ten-year tests - presumably until the moon was in Aries and Gemini was in the ascendancy - in line with checks on new medicines.
It is a funny old world. As food riots break out in Haiti and Egypt and leaders at the UN food summit declare that a relaunch of agriculture is necessary to feed the planet, the great British shopper takes anti- science to new levels by objecting to increased food production.
We have been here before. This same emotional argument put a stop to the widespread use of genetically modified cereals in the UK. GM became a tainted brand that is now snuck into cheap food in small print. Yet if there is evidence that GM foods do any environmental or human damage, I'm still waiting to see it. (like I'm still waiting for the predicted millions to die of human form CJD from infected burgers.)
The ironies mount up: the same people who happily pay thousands of pounds for IVF babies, or seek gene therapy cures for their child's asthma, condemn genetic modification as “dangerous”. The fastidious public, misshapen by obesity and sentenced to early death by doughnut, worry about “Frankenstein food”.
What this irrationality illustrates, vividly, is how ignorant people have become since they were divorced from the basics of agriculture. The land taught a wisdom we have lost. Genetic modification is simply selective breeding; it has been key to farming since the first hunter gatherer decided to stay put and find a bull for his cow. The slow-motion process of modifying animals by breeding has been going on for thousands of years and there is not a single strain of cow, sheep, pig, horse, dog, cat or hamster that is not the result of extensive generations of species manipulation by humans. An identical process went on with plants. And by doing so, productivity has improved immeasurably.
It is completely bonkers to think that today's animals and plants bear any resemblance to what used to exist in the wild. Once upon a time all dogs looked the same; we simply modified them by breeding those with genetic abnormalities. And clever gardeners have done the same: creating, for example, broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower as mutations from the same species of plant.
Genome selection means nothing more radical than clever breeding - discovering what kind of genes work best and using them to improve existing strains or exclude disease. Cloning is a further acceleration of that process - jumping the time period that normal reproduction takes; speeding up of the selection of the most productive. Scientists tasked with solving the world's food crisis - and we can't leave it to politicians - know it's safe. Similarly, the US Food and Drug Administration has decreed produce from clones and their offspring “as safe as food we eat every day”. The European Food Safety Authority, a little more cautiously - because it works on European snail time - says the same.
What happened with GM cereals cannot be allowed to happen again over meat and milk simply because the British shopper is overwhelmed by the “yuck” factor. There is a much more at stake than the sensibilities of the squeamish. It is as simple as this: the welfare, productivity, health and sustainability of farm animals have to improve if the world is going to keep eating meat. The oceans are being fished out, agricultural land is going to biofuels: something has to produce the protein to keep the world alive. The first cloned Holstein dairy cows, said to be capable of producing 30 per cent more milk, have been born in Britain. Instead of getting the vapours, we should rejoice.
Melanie Reid reports and commentates for The Times from Scotland. Before joining the paper, she was an award-winning columnist and senior assistant editor at The Herald in Glasgow
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Safety is NOT the concern here! Morality...that's the qualm.
Amy, Kentucky, US
There are obvious environmental concerns about gm foods, but complete rejection of it is dangerous. Billions of people are starving around the world. If a crop produces 2x more yield and survive in the harshest weather, we have an obligation to embrace it. Don't forget the legacy of Norman Borlaug.
David , Lake Forest, United States
Centuries of selective breeding to fit limited human needs can't be compared with 50 years of industrial farming. This has created monsters already producing way over their natural capacities. Cloning can just create super-monsters and fix genetic weaknesses in marble. Humans' attitude need change.
Jean-Marie Rogue, Brussels, Belgium
If a plant or animal is perfectly safe to consume with no ill effects why should a copy [clone] of that same plant or animal be considered deadly? We have been cloning for 100s of years. When we graft buds from one apple tree to another we are cloning. Rooting a stem from a plant is cloning.
John Lobenstein, Angier NC , USA
Dig a hole in the ground, fill it with water wait a week or two and watch as one type of algae multiplies until there are so many they poison themselves and die. Man has to live in harmony with the planet or suffer the same fate. GM foods are a big step towards a human monoculture.
Clive Stringer, Eggesford, England
Selective breeding is still natural...genetic modification in a lab isn't, thats the difference. You can't blame people for worrying. Stop bio-fuels instead. They are a scandalous waste of resources when alternatives exist. I don't understand the point of women...single men survive somehow?
Anthony, Brum,
Hacking around with genes that we dont fully understand compared with natural selection and good farming? Forcing bits of genes together bears no comparison. To use your silly IVF device, these are probably the same doctors that used to recommend smoking.
Patrick, Red Bank, nj, USA (ex Wales)
I don't understand why you think we should just eat this stuff without testing it.
Emma, Cambridge,
Alan Robinson, that's nice, your garden won't produce nearly enough for you, as in some seasons (notably winter) very little will grow. Even if it did produce enough food for you, multiply that space by 6.5 billion, and the earth isn't big enough.
David Leslie, Perth, Scotland
A recent study showed that GM crops give no greater yield but reduce biodiversity where they are grown. GM products are developed purely to enhance the profits of their licence-holders/producers.
Phil, málaga,
Fear mongers use the label GM too broadly.They should more correctly use the term gene splicing.
Labeling certain brands of produce as 'organic' implies all others are inorganic. What happens if I/we consume these inorganic foods?
John Lobenstein, Angier NC , USA
Selective breeding has already harmed the health and welfare of farm animals, who are sentient beings and can suffer. 50% of clones die shortly before or around the time of birth. Many clones are deformed and sickly. What kind of society would want such unethical breeding methods in agriculture?
Wendy Smith, Waterlooville, UK
It's nice to see someone talking sense on this issue for a change. There are countless examples of foods produced through more "natural" methods that have turned out to be dangerous. GM foods should not be dismissed through ignorance, they will probably be the only answer to world hunger.
Simon, Shanghai, China
At last a bit of common sense, the UK have turned their back on the fundimentals of life, namely food production, for far to long. Two thirds of the world do not have enough to eat, it is rediculous not to embrace technology.
Ray, South molton,
There is also 'no evidence' that the massive increases in cancer in the last fifty years have anything to do with the chemicals, additives and preservatives that are now common-place in our foods. I for one, do not want to be a 'guinea-pig' for this type of 'franken-food'.
Nik, London,
Genome selection is different - cross breeding in nature leads to sterile offspring. Leaving aside incorrect science, simply label properly and let me choose, without low percentage get-outs. At the moment I can afford to choose. If I am starving I will buy whatever I can afford - GM or otherwise.
Caroline, vienna, austria
So long as the likes of the Soil Association continue to lie, people allo over the world will continue to die.
Craig , Liverpool, UK
An excellent article Melanie. We in Britain have this 'luxury' of choice not available to the 850 million suffering starvation. I'm afraid, Mr Naylor, that the Soil Association's Organic food will only feed the chattering classes who can afford it. Organic yields are simply too low....wakey, wakey.
Jim Potter, Cambridge,
The average consumer is so stupid that she will avoid meat treated with hormones, and then go and take an oral contraceptive pill. I'm afraid we're at the end of the age of science.
Malcolm McLean, Bradford, UK
If you don't have an argument, then try abuse, seems to sum this article up
SD, London,
IVF and genetic modification have nothing to do with each other. The argument is fatally flawed, as the only comparison that would make sense would be that between genetically modified crops and genetically modified babies, which would indeed cause an uproar.
Why was this published?
Matt deCamp, Savannah, USA
In the 1970s a variety of barley called Golden Promise took up 80% of the scottish barley production. It was produced from heavily irradiated stock of other varieties, millions of gallons of good beer were sold and drunk, from the malt, many of us have enjoyed it!
David Vinter, Louth, Lincs., UK.
The Government's insistence on GM is bred from a desire to produce as much from less. Their fiscal plan is to give arable land over to industry, a large population of cheap labour in-tow. Both aims seem misguided. You can talk numbers but how do you conceptualise taste, mouth satisfaction?
Malcolm Turner, Alsager, England
This woman is seperated from her agricultural roots. GM is NOT selective breeding. GM requires genes to be FORCED together not combine naturally. The long-term question is what happens when genes combine that shouldn't?. GM risks accrue to consumers, benefits to corporations. Poor deal, poor article
Eddie Reader, birmingham, england
For those of you who are unaware of the counter-arguments, I would direct you to the Soil Association website. Read what they have to say and then make your mind up.
Geoff Naylor, Winchester, England, UK
I'm going the other way thanks. When I retire in a few years from now, my organic garden will produce almost all I need. It will cost almost nothing, and the quality will generally be far better than industrial food.
Oh, nearly forgot, the garden is a paradise for flora and fauna.
Alan Robinson, Bjerreby, Denmark
Hear hear! Great article.
Joanna Hugminster, Ewell, England
You say: "....how ignorant people have become since they were divorced from the basics of agriculture". Really? Try "how ignorant people have become since the Plowden Report.
jon livesey, Sunnyvale, CA/USA
Refreshing to read common sense about food rather than emotional prejudice.
Jim Cooper, Courtenay, Canada
Well said. There is no evidence whatsoever that GM crops are unsafe, and given the number of tests they have to go through, they are probably a lot safer than non-GM food.
Rowan, Oxford,
Selective breeding is incremental. GM involves large step changes. We have caused lots of problems introducing new species into environments to "solve" problems - eg rabbits in Australia. Rational people aren't worried about the food, it's the effect of the new species.
Jamie, Manchester, UK