Peter Riddell, Political Briefing
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The row that No 10 has got into over the anti-road-pricing petition was both predictable and avoidable. It illustrates some of the contradictions of trying to combine experiments in direct democracy with a representative system. The result has been more, not less, anger and disillusionment with mainstream politics.
When Downing Street set up its online petitions site three months ago, the aim was to make it easier for people to make their views known directly at the top of government. But there have always been inherent flaws. Petitions, like marches and phone-in surveys to media outlets, indicate the intensity of feeling on an issue and often the extent of organisation by protesters, but not the balance of views.
It is obviously significant that more than 1.5 million people marched against the Iraq war four years ago and almost 1.2 million have signed the petition against the planned vehicle tracking and road-pricing policy. It shows that a large number of people care and, in the case of the petition, how effective the motoring lobby is.
The numbers reflect particular interests. By definition, they cannot represent the broader public interest. These protests are populist, not democratic: only some people are being heard. Government and Parliament exist to reconcile divergent interests. When the Government rejects them, however, it appears to be ignoring the popular will; witness the alliance of The Mail on Sunday proclaiming “How many people have to sign a petition before this Government takes notice?” and Henry Porter in The Observer giving warning of “road rage like never before” if the Government snubs the petition.
There is a role for more direct participation between general elections but this should supplement, not replace, representative democracy. The key is to convince petitioners that their views are being seriously considered. One of the problems of the No 10 website is that when a petition closes, as the anti-road-pricing one will a week today, all the petitioners usually get is an e-mail stating, or restating, government policy.
A better approach is that adopted by the Scottish Parliament, which has a formal committee to sift public petitions and send substantial ones to relevant subject committees, which can hold formal hearings. This has led to remedies of grievances, alterations in administrative practice and legislative changes. Petitions have become part of the representative system.
A similar approach has been urged for Westminster by, among others, the Hansard Society and the Power inquiry. The Commons Procedure Committee is inquiring into the issue and Gordon Brown is sympathetic.
The danger, as now, is of exaggerated expectations. Members of the public should have a greater say. Their views, whether expressed in petitions, marches or in citizens’ initiatives (as discussed in Supply Side Politics, a new Centre for Policy Studies pamphlet by Matt Qvortrup), should be taken into account, but they should not in themselves determine policy.
Peter Riddell has been a leading political commentator and an Assistant Editor for The Times since 1991. He writes mainly, but not exclusively, about British politics and has published several books on British politics, including not one, but two, on Margaret Thatcher
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I am employed by a care company to enable disabled people to continue to live in their homes. I already have to supply my own car and run it with a very small reimbursement from the company. I have to pay for my own CBR check. I pay for a parking permit and if the time taken to travel from home to home is taken into account I am paid well below the minimum wage. I think road charging will be the final straw which would make the job totally unviable instead of nearly unviable.
L. Pearce, Luton, Luton Borough
Token democracy is worse than none at all and it's half brother representational democracy is a compromise somewhere non specific between the lynch mob idiom of majority rule and the oligarchic rule of super egos.
Ideas about Direct Democracy always seem to be expressed within the narrow terms of reference of the current system and it eludes therefore constructive airing.
DD could actually transfer social responsibility to the public in a fiscal way that would both transform the tax system and give the public direct control more or less over their own fate. It would be a system that could do away with knee jerking ministers all together and replace them with proper civil servants who serve rather than rule.
The issue over this petition is about mixing two forms of token democracies, the one that Blair has played with in connection with a new Road Toll has turned out to be rod for his own back. The rod being his naivety in believing that the public are dumb enough to fall for this token 'political engagement' and his back being the stiff resistance of the establishment to a u-turn toward Direct Democracy.
Mark Golding, Birmingham,
I had thought that this petition had run out of legs at the end of January. It stood at 600,000 on 27th January. Right now it stands at about 1,365,000. So it has put on 750,000+ in 2 weeks. Riddell tried to write this off by saying "how effective the motoring lobby is". This is rubbish. The well organised hunting lobby managed only 25,000 signatures for their petition.
To sign up for this you have to find the petition, add your name and address and type in your e-mail address twice. They then send you an e-mail and you have to confirm your participation. It is not a simple click.
Riddell and those like him are ignoring the roar of middle Britain that does not wanted to be tracked and taxed like this.
Phil Taylor, London,
"Members of the public should have a greater say. Their views, ... should be taken into account, but they should not in themselves determine policy."
Charming! How considerate!
And what business have we (I wonder) to call ourselves a democracy if the views of the public do not - ultimately - determine policy?
Geoffrey Alderman, London, England
"It simply shows that a small minority of the British people, when they receive in their inboxes a paranoid conspiracy theory promoted by a bunch of extremists, get worried by it."
How arrogant! How can you know why over a million people signed it? And as for
"Almost nobody with any understanding of the issues is opposed to road pricing in some form."
the kindest thing to say is, are you sure you understand all the issues (including those affecting personal liberty) as well as you claim, and don't you think that in a democracy it is incumbent on the government to obtain consent to a policy, rather than impose it on an unconvinced population?
Alex Swanson, Milton Keynes, UK
I agree with Peter. It's so easy just to click on a petition (if you have a computer, of course, which many of the elderly, very young, very poor etc. who perhaps can't even drive or afford a car but are adversely affected by congestion and exhaust pollution, may well not have). How many would sign one for taxes to be slashed? We elect governments not to bend with the wind of people's short-term selfishness but to do what is best in the long-term interests of the country and all its citizens, not just a vocal section of them.
Barry, Wallington, South London
What an arrogant, pompous and ill-informed little diatribe from Richard B! Is he a member of Blair's outer office staff? He certainly manifests all the usual trademarks; smear (paranoid, extremists etc), arrogation of a supposed intellectual high ground (almost nobody with any understanding) and ignorance of the subject (rejection of the principle....). Motorists already accept paying for road space and usage through taxation. Motor fuel taxation is an efficient way to charge or penalise road users, as thirstier engines, higher mileages and time spent in heavy traffic all increase costs to the individual. The system for collecting this tax is already in place, can easily be adjusted and is difficult to avoid. In contrast, road pricing has all the requirements to be another IT blackhole, sucking in billions for implementation and running costs. Does anyone believe that road pricing proponents would similarly dismiss a petition supporting its introduction?
Pete, Taunton, Somerset
Please let's not mistake the road pricing petition for anything to do with democracy or the will of the people. It simply shows that a small minority of the British people, when they receive in their inboxes a paranoid conspiracy theory promoted by a bunch of extremists, get worried by it. That's all.
If, having developed a clear understanding of the growing congestion problem, and considered other potential ways of dealing with it, the British people still reject the principle of people paying for the road space they use and the congestion they cause - fine. Let them suffer growing congestion until they change their mind.
Almost nobody with any understanding of the issues is opposed to road pricing in some form. This is the one issue that unites Greenpeace with the Institute of Directors. The public will follow them in due course.
Richard B, London,
What would have been the response if this article was published with regard to the Dunblane petition back in 1997? People would have been baying for the authors blood....And at that time, new labour seemed very interested in paying attention to petitions. Quel suprise, another U-turn....
This article essentially belittles the right to anyone to posess an opinion independent of "your government knows best, so shut up and do as you're told". Democracy supposedly works in such a way that every voice holds equal import, and the answer therefore is to start a pro-road pricing petition to directly compare. Good luck with that, as even the most ardent greenpiece activist will be unhappy about the increase of goods& service costs from road pricing. Failing that, REFERENDUM- see what the coutry really thinks. The government had best tread carefully over this- the high handed attitude they are presenting deserves a sharp reminder at the polls that they are supposed to represent our interests.
Pete North, manchester,
"Members of the public should have a greater say . . . but they should not in themselves determine policy." Really! Surely it is the public, the electorate (as opposed to registered voters) who *should* make policy. It is not sufficient that elected members of parliament, with party and personal agendas, should dictate the direction policy should take; here in California the 'initiative" procedures can influence policy of every kind, from local property taxation to the matter of assisted suicide. Although it is sometimes felt that too many initiatives are on the ballot, for the most part it makes Democracy work at ground level, something which is sadly lacking in the parliamentary system in the UK.
David Cunard, Los Angeles, USA
Two things stand out:
1) "The key is to convince petitioners that their views are being seriously considered" - Poor choice of words? I think you mean to say "petitioners views should be seriously considered".
2) If we have a choice between listening to a part of the population, or listening to no one at all, we should choose no-one, because that is most balanced.
Jack Thursby, Sheffield, UK
I think you are right, because a petition is really no more than a direct opinion poll. This situation does help to put the word democracy in perspective and as equally a matter of opinion. We are governed, and we can merely hope that the people governing take into account the right factors at the right time. As your title suggests, the word democracy is essentially nonsensical in it's application to modern national government.
Henry Percy, London, UK
Participatory democracy has inevitable pitfalls but there can be no other substitute for the airing of strong views by the ordinary member of the public in the higher echelons of power. Some other countries use their Supreme Court through epistolary jurisdiction to ventilate grievances. At the end people talk and Government walks. Walks away most of the time.
Anil Gayan, Curepipe, Mauritius
California regularly has referendums on issues affecting the inhabitants and is closer to true democracy than anything seen in the UK. Petitions do gauge the feeling over issues such as the one on the BBC over the right to protect ones own home. The problem is government and especially this Labour one aren't trusted over any issue that involves more tax. Most feel that Labours track record is to tax, tax and tax again but it never goes on the original purpose of the tax. If a pie chart were produced by the government on tax spending similar to local councils, I'm certain it would prove very interesting to see where the money really goes. Its very unlikely to happen however for fear of embarrassments all around the different ministries and government prefers to keep us in the dark.
Mike, Denia, Spain
Which particular 'representative democracy' do you have in mind ? Blair's 23% mandate, or Livingstone's 8% ?
Do they not have PR in Scottish Parliamentary elections ? I think I remember that they do, which would go a long way to explain Scottish politicos attentiveness to public opinion.
Only a 'village insider' could ignore this fundamental defect in our parliamentary system.
Tom Benford, Kyoto, Japan