Jonathan Romain: Credo
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Will harmony come only if we rewrite our religious texts? One of the great puzzles today is why there is so much turmoil associated with faith. Many external social and political causes can be cited, but there is also a need for the faiths to look internally and to ask whether one of the key problems is the very scriptures of those faiths.
On the positive side, there are so many texts that communicate a sublime sense of inspiration or engender a powerful set of ethics. However, there are also passages that preach ill-will, cause offence or belittle entire groups. Thus the assertion that men shall rule over women (Genesis i, 16) has established a hierarchical relationship between the sexes that has blighted the lives of millions.
References in the New Testament to the Pharisees, the 1st-century rabbis whom Jews hold in great respect as revered teachers, as a “generation of vipers” (Matthew iii, 7) are not only hurtful but can be taken as besmirching all Jewish teachings.
Jews are described in the Koran as “monkeys” (ii, 65), which makes unpleasant reading; although this apparently referred to a particular group of individuals at the time of the Prophet, it carries the danger of being applied to modern Jews too.
Commentators may try to soften such sayings, tempering them in the light of modern insights or claiming that they were not meant in that way originally, but if the text remains unaltered then it stubbornly defies all apologists. The oft-quoted passage in Exodus xxi, 24 “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” is a case in point. For centuries Jewish scholars have declared that the verse does not mean physical retribution but refers to an eye’s value and fiscal compensation; yet most people still read it the literal way.
Similarly, liberal Christian preachers may try to explain away John’s accusation against the Jews that “You are of your father, the Devil . . . a murderer from the beginning” (viii, 44), or the assertion that they are a “synagogue of Satan” (Revelation ii, 10), but if millions of believers read the bare text year after year it cannot but have a negative impact.
Equally problematic is the sura in the Koran which states that husbands whose wives are disobedient can beat them (iv, 34), whereas Islamic scholars understand it to mean a verbal lashing, thus limiting the consequences to admonition only. But how many irate husbands have followed the letter of the law rather than its interpretation?
Those in favour of harmony will always be hamstrung if the sacred texts upon which they base their beliefs are not edited so that the less salubrious parts do not poison future generations. Why continually explain away difficult texts when it would be better to admit that they should not be there any more?
Of course, the idea of emending Scriptures, when so many people treat every word as the unalterable will of God, presents immense problems. But believers of all faiths need to ask themselves whether reverence for ancient verses should be allowed to override the need for better relationships between all of God’s creatures.
A guideline that might be helpful in judging any passage would be to ask: if such words were to be written today, would they fall foul of the Race Relations Act or religious discrimination legislation? If the answer is yes, how can they continue to have religious imprimatur?
Given the scale of the task, the first step might be to urge that copies of the Hebrew Bible, New Testament, Koran and other sacred writings be printed with the parts capable of giving offence in brackets; it would be akin to a religious health warning, to the effect that: “These words have survived from the past but do not necessarily reflect our teachings today.”
No doubt this would be very difficult to do but it might also be the most religious way forward.
Rabbi Dr Jonathan Romain is minister of Maidenhead Synagogue and author of Reform Judaism and Modernity
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The fact of the matter is that the liberalism of the Rabbi is of little use to a troubled serious soul who is seeking the forgiveness of sins and peace with God. The Rabbi's collusion with unbelief will not wash. A spirtual understanding of the context of the Bible solves all the problems and reveals a God of holiness and love. Christians are not bigots but are people who have come to terms with their own sinfulness and have compassion on others. There is no real compassion by denying the truth.
It is also unfair also to compare the Bible to the Koran. There is good reason to criticise the Koran as it contradicts the Bible - denying the deity of Christ and his death on the cross - and therefore shows itself to be false.
The Rabbi is one of many who continue to blame the Bible but in fact he should use the Bible like the great Rabbi Nicodemus of John 3 to come to the Lord Jesus Christ and be saved.
Seek and you will find, promises Jesus.
Rev Peter Ratcliff, Wimbledon, London
Seems like the fundamentalists are having a field day with Dr Romain but he is making a couple of valid points. Is it really God's will for us to continue to stone adulterers and homosexuals, or treat women as obedient property just because there are references to this in holy scriptures? Should Christians still treat Jews as 'vipers' just because Jesus called them so in the New Testament? Is it possible that the scriptures also reflect a society of thousands of years ago, as well as eternal truths? Surely we must learn to differentiate between eternal truths and ancient culture. Why should some people suffer from an antediluvian society just because of scripture? Jesus can still be revered as the eternal Son of God without resort to a cruel patriarchy or the belief in a flat earth a few thousand years old. Strict adherence to the letter of the law at all times was one of the traits of the very Pharisees he condemned - he still loved them and wanted them to be with Him.
Bob, Gloucester, UK
We can only havee our broken relationships with our Creator God repaired through accepting what Jesus Christ has done for us on the cross and, by His grace and the Holy Spirit's work, accepting His rule in our lives. We can only accept what has beeen done for us and react appropriatly if we understand what our true standing before Godis and so what the cross truely represents. Such an understanding show that it represents God putting our just punishment for our rebelion against Him on to His Son, so we might be redeemed to Him.
Without the compleat and accuratly translated Word of God in the Bible and sound Biblical preaching this process is impossible. Selectivly reading and editing God's Word is therefore eternaly dangerous and should not be considered in any way. God bless,
Gareth Rhymes, Hull, UK
The commentary, including substituting English words for English words, should be in the margins. Leave the approximate 1952 version for old testament as is. For example, grace is such an aesthetic expression. Inspired original writers, or uninspired but lofty modern scholars and editorial committees?
zankaon, zanville,
Mr. Romaine is at least disengenuous when he writes, "believers of all faiths need to ask themselves whether reverence for ancient verses should be allowed to override the need for better relationships between all of Gods creatures," suggesting that God's word could somehow be opposed to God's creatures. What "God" is Mr. Romaine talking about? The Christian's reverence is not for "ancient verses," but for the unchanging word of the unchanging God, Yahweh, the God who keeps covenant, the God who is. Mr. Romaine apparently doesn't want to come right out and say it, but his suggestion is not really that we adopt new texts, or even merely a new hermeneutic (religious discrimination legislation). He wants us to find new gods more congenial to our appitites.
Could Mr. Romaine please explain, what anyway is the chief end or purpose of humanity? Have we one?
James T. Griffin, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
No wonder Europe is on the decline! (But the gentlemen from Ireland does give hope of a green tint to Heaven). Change the very Word of God just because it might run afoul of some man-made laws? Have the Brits lost their minds? If we took out those things that offended us, then what would we have left? Instead, let us first seek to understand the proper text and context. The Apostle Paul said: How can they hear without a preacher. Maybe the preachers, instead of being State employed, perhaps they should just be God-called and teach the people what is actually meant.
God have mercy on our Mother Country.
J. L. Watts, Charleston, West Virginia
Yep you are right, when things get tough to explain lets ignore and change them. Come on that is spiritually and intellectually week. You have an allie in the Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams. He wants to change Holy Schripture so that people opposed to and for homosexuality can read the same verse and be happy with it. Boy when he is judged I will be interested to see hou our Lord deals with him if his watering down and manipulation of Holy Scripture causes one person to lose their eternal soul. Of course Hell is a hard and unpleasent teaching to so maybe we should change that in the spirit of everybody feeling good about everything they do.
Are you serious that "One of the great puzzles today is why there is so much turmoil associated with faith.". The reason is the rejection of faith that you and many like you propose.
David Orrino, Denver, CO
This is one of the most idiotic passages of text committed to print in recent history.
Tim, Denton, USA
The Jewish religious leaders of of Jesus day rejected the evidence that he was the Messiah as was found in the hebrew scriptures.They also went beyond the Law with their taditions and commands of men, making life hard for the people.When Jesus called the Jewish leaders ''offspring of vipers'',He was showing them up for their hypocritical ways.The holy scriptures are there to refine and show up what is wrong and ungodly so we can have Gods approval.We cannot water down these requirements and expect Gods approval.If the politics of the day bring in religious discrimination acts and the scriptures are changed it seems that Dr Romain will go with the politicians.I personally would stay with what the scriptures teach and follow Christ's command to love, and not change what God had written deliberately for our benefit.As Peter and the other apostles said''We must obey God as ruler rather than men''
Jonathan King, Tullamore, Ireland
Who has the authority to ditinguish which parts of the Holy Bible should be removed because they offend another faith? Who is qualified, and may I say, bold enough to assert that certain parts of the Scriptures should be blotted out because they are an offence to a part, or all of humanity? At no time did Christ, who is the Author of Scripture decide to ommit certain parts because they were offensive. We might as well stop applying the Moral Law(10 Commandments) to the laws of our nation. Maybe we should turn a blind eye to murder, stealing and adultery; we already have the Lord's name legaly blasphemed in this country. Morality and social/civil order is totaly dependant on holding forth the moral law as contained in the Bible. We neglect it at outr peril.
Donald Morgan, stornoway, Scotland
So in Rabbi Romain's view, any passages in the world's scriptures that "fall foul of" current British law are to be repudiated or expurgated? I wonder how Britain's lawmakers managed to become unassailable arbiters of moral excellence -- it's a trick we certainly haven't managed here in the States. In any event, there is a great deal of teaching in the Hebrew Bible as well as in the Christian scriptures about, say, the proper use of money, the proper treatment of the old and the infirm, and hospitality towards strangers -- to cite just a few topics -- which are flatly inconsistent with current British law. Some of those commandments have annoyed me for years by their demands, so I look forward to their excision in the New Regime Rabbi Romain hopes for.
Alan Jacobs, Wheaton IL, USA
I dont think it is desirable to meddle with historical texts; errors, mistranslations, misinterpretations, manipulations, appropriations, warts and all, they are what have come down to us. They are the rock on which churches are built.
An atheist, I have a lot of sympathy with the Talmudic tradition, but I wonder whether the rabbi is not being a little mischievous in expecting Christians and especially Muslims to question their sacred texts, let alone amend them.
Personally, I consider fundamentalism is religions death rattle. The rational and the reasonable are no longer engaged in their religions. For most, their religion survives through cultural inertia, it is a part of their identity, a cement that holds a community together. At best they believe there is still some figurative worth in the scriptures. The intelligentsia have abandoned religion to those who recoil from the modern world, the disaffected who seek to use it as a shield or a prop. Fundamentalists are intellectual teenagers and religion is their rock music.
Jeremy In Oz, Perth,
To judge that a religious work is 'offensive' you have to have a position from which to reach that judgement. That position is your religion - the thing that rules your life and determines your judgement. All Jonathan Romain has done is shift the centre of gravity from, in this case, Hebrew Scripture to modern 'sensitivities'.
John Richardson, Elsenham, UK
The brackets around the offensive dross is a great idea !
Liturgical psalters ahve done this for years, so it's a good precedent.
Revd Laurence Roberts, London, Britain