Richard Owen of The Times in Rome
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Sixty one Italian scientists have signed a letter protesting against a planned visit this week by Pope Benedict XVI to Rome's Sapienza University because of his stated views on Galileo.
In a letter to Renato Guarini, the university rector, the scientists said the visit was "incongruous". The signatories include distinguished physicists such as Andrea Frova, author of a study of Galileo's persecution by the Church, and Carlo Maiani, the recently appointed head of the Italian National Council for Research or CNR.
The letter said scientists felt "offended and humiliated" by a statement made in 1990 by the then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith - the modern descendant of the Inquisition - suggesting that the trial of Galileo for heresy because of his support for the Copernican system was justified in the context of the time.
The scientists said they hoped the visit by the Pope on Thursday would be cancelled out of respect for the "secular nature of science" and the fact that the university was open to "students of every belief and ideology". Students at the university said they were preparing to welcome the Pope with banners of protest and loud disco music. As a cardinal, Benedict once attacked rock and pop music as the "work of the devil."
However Bruno Dalla Piccola, professor of genetic medicine at the university, said the protests were "a shameful episode which do no credit to a great and important university". Both professors and students should be ashamed of themselves for trying to prevent someone who "enjoys respect at a world level" from speaking, Professor Dalla Piccola said, adding "Perhaps they are afraid of what the Pope has to say".
Benedict's predecessor Pope John Paul II acknowledged that the Roman Catholic Church had erred in condemning Galileo in 1633 for asserting that the Earth revolves around the Sun. He told the Pontifical Academy of Sciences that those who condemned Galileo - who was forced to recant and spent the remaining eight years of his life under house arrest - had failed to recognise the distinction between the text of the Bible and its interpretation.
This had led them "unduly to transpose into the realm of the doctrine of the faith" a matter which had to do with scientific investigation, John Paul said. But he added that the Inquisition had acted correctly in the sense that it was working within knowledge available at the time and had therefore been consistent in guarding the integrity of the Catholic Faith.
The then Cardinal Ratzinger also observed that "At the time of Galileo the Church remained much more faithful to reason than Galileo himself. The process against Galileo was reasonable and just". The Italian Catholic writer Vittorio Messori agreed, saying Galileo "was not condemned for the things he said, but for the way he said them. He made statements with sectarian intolerance....Anyone who would not immediately accept the entire Copernican system was 'an imbecile with his head in the clouds,' 'a stain upon mankind,' 'a child who never grew up,' and so on."
Last month it was disclosed that the Pope had asked the Vatican's astronomers to move out of Castelgandolfo, his summer residence in the Alban Hills, into new premises in a disused convent. However Vatican officials said this was not because the pontiff was "anti science" but because the space used by the Vatican Observatory was needed for diplomatic meetings.
The Observatory's Jesuit director, Father Jose Funes, agreed there was "no downgrading of science in the Vatican." Last year Benedict told the observatory's summer school: "The Vatican Observatory has sought to demonstrate the Church's desire to embrace, encourage, and promote scientific study, on the basis of her conviction that 'faith and reason are like two wings on which the human spirit rises to the contemplation of truth'."
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It is time people stopped believing all this non sense is relevant to others. If you have some kooky beliefs, then fine but I dont think we should devote as much money, time, effort, newspaper print, TV coverage and ultimately lives to what are in essence unprovable fallacies. Religion is stupid. It dosent matter if you believe in it or not, its just plain dumb. Lets free ourselves from the mental hang ups of our past, embrace the fact that we know a little about our universe and spend our time and resources trying to establish a consistent body of evidence about all things that can be of benefit to all people. I know people will reply that a knowledge of god could fulfill these criteria but as the past 5 thousand years proves, it cant.
Dr. N. White, newcastle-Upon-Tyne,
Galileo put the words of the Pope into the mouth of a charector called Simplicius in a dialogue he wrote and then wondered why it all went wrong for him. A child who never grew up seems to be a better description of Galileo given this method of disputation.
Whatever Galileo concluded in science, one should never forget that humankind is the crown and the glory of God's creation. His daughter became a nun.
Christopher Gillibrand, Brussels, Belgium in exile
I too a,m a Physics student Pier! But I went to the Vatican Observatory near Rome I have a sister that studies there. I think that you are wrong in the Church that doesn't allow science and faith and reason.
Also Nelson of Pennsylvania have you ever read the Second Vatican II documents regarding the COuncil quite trying to use the excuse to defend your dissident views and hide them under the disguise the Second Vatican Council. Bil of Glasgow I have an Uncle who is a Priest and teaches evolution!
Mark PAtino, KAnsas City, Kansas USA
Then Cardinal Ratzinger is trying to justify punishing someone for disagreeing with the church. No matter how disrespectful Galileo was at the time, punishing him for his statements was wrong.
Much like other, more recent problems with the church, Ratzinger wants people to believe the church isn't all the bad while in reality it is quite immoral.
The protesters are right. He doesn't deserve the respect of speaking to the University.
Chuck, Providence, RI, USA
Communists always get their way. Anybdody who disagreeas with them must be shut up best to send him to a gulag. Somebody should remind these communist professors and their bullies the students that that the Berlin Wall has fallen and communism is dead maybe in Cuba and north korea where such tactics still work.
william vlasic, new york, usa
It's ironic and sadly telling that those who seem to have the greatest ignorance of the Church are university academics.
Ted, Rome, Italy,
Hurrah for the protesters!!! Is there anyone who has not noticed the profound shift in the Roman Catholic Church since John Paul II. He too was a man who discouraged any deviation from the inane and moribund doctrines which have held the Church back for many years. There was an air of excitement when John XXIII, started the changes when the II Vatican Council began. John XXIII was a visionary who saw the need for change and had the popes after him continued with that change there would be a completely and utterly different church today. It has been my experience as a Catholic that there is no dissent brooked and little if any questioning of doctrine. The Church needs priests, whether male for female, married and not married. Can the Church change under men such as these who will not allow laity to have a place in the decisions made for them? I, seriously doubt that any time soon there will be the likelihood of change within the Church. G-d help us all.
Nelson Robison, Reynoldsville , USA/ Pennsylvania
Bill of Glasgow
The website I ask you to visit needs a correction.
It should read: www.universal-flood.net
Jack J. Szpytman, Grosse Pointe Woods, MI. USA
Do we only ever get sane comments from UK residents? Pope Rat. is anti-science, anti-reason and, well, anti-anything that isn't catholic.
Religion is nonsense. There is not a shred of evidence for any of it and a huge amount of evidence that completely destroys its assertions and predictions (when will you learn?). Religion has no place in education and has been the avowed enemy of learning and reason since its inception. I hope the students have a really good PA for the tunes on Thursday. Crank it up guys!
Bill, Glasgow,
Congratulations to the protesters. I don't imagine they'll succeed in getting his visit cancelled, but all due respect for trying. We inhabitants of the real world need to take every opportunity to expose religious idiocy, and the undue respect accorded to it.
James Freeman, Cardiff,
âThe scientists said they hoped the visit by the Pope on Thursday would be cancelled out of respect for the "secular nature of science" and the fact that the university was open to "students of every belief and ideology".â
So⦠Let me see if I got this right. The scientists are saying that the Popeâs visit should be cancelled because the University is open to âstudents of every belief and ideologyâ⦠Is there a touch of contradiction in that reasoning? It doesnât sound like these supposedly enlightened scientists have great tolerance of diversity in belief or ideology, if it disagrees with their own.
Mark Anthony Mifsud, Msida, Malta
I researched the trial of Galileo when I was an undergrad at UNC-Chapel Hill over 30 years ago. I agree that Galileo was doing just fine with the Inquisition until he quoted Scripture to defend his views. He was intolerant of those who disagreed with him and as a scientist he had no need to try to prove his new discoveries with Scriptural "evidence." His hubris was his downfall, not his science.
Jack Nicholas, Syracuse, NY
What an absurd comment from Pier Paolo in New York. Totally nonsensical. He completely ignores, likely out of convenience for his own viewpoint, the many comments that Benedict XVI, and earlier Cardinal Ratzinger, has made in defense of reason and science. Many European secular ideologues are so filled with hate and betray a deep ignorance of history, sad to say. I have a priest friend in the States who is also a physicist, who would scoff at such stupid comments from this student of physics. By the way, is he aware that there are over twenty places on the moon named after Catholic priests who were astronomers? The papacy was an early supporter of astronomy and the sciences. Some scientists may despise Benedict and the Church but that is due far more to their adherence to the pseudo-religions of secularism and/or atheism rather than to the Church's position on science.
Arnold, Seattle, USA
As an Italian that studies physics in UK, I am very proud that some very important physicists are complaining about this absurd participation of the Pope to an official event in the La Sapienza University. This event is the inauguration of the Academic year, and this Pope (who is fiercely against science and the Enlightenment) is not welcome among the scientific community.
Pier Paolo, York
Pier Paolo Marchisio, York, UK