Ruth Gledhill, Religion Correspondent
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The Pope’s visit to the US is testimony to one of the most unexpected transformations that has taken place in the public image of a religious leader. It goes hand in hand with the renewed importance of faith in public life in the West, in an era when predictions of its decline or even extinction have notably failed to materialise.
Benedict XVI took office three years ago with a fearsome reputation as John Paul II’s doctrinal enforcer. Liberal Roman Catholics in the West, in particular in Britain and the US, already suffering a loss of confidence because of the scandals over paedophile priests, trembled further.
As indicated by his first two encyclicals, on love and hope, Joseph Ratzinger the “rottweiler” has become “Benedict the benign”.
He has admitted that he is “deeply ashamed” of the sexual abuse scandals that have devastated the US Church in particular. Much of his time in his six days in America will be spent with cardinals and bishops, helping to restore their confidence as Christian leaders in a nation where churchgoers see themselves, as in Britain, as fighting an unending battle against the tide of secularisation.
But, beneath the Benedictine benignity, the steel remains. No one exemplifies better than the Pope the living out of the words Jesus spoke to His Apostles, recorded in Matthew’s Gospel: “Behold, I am sending you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.” The Pope’s wisdom is not in doubt.
The speeches given by the Pope and President Bush on the lawn of the White House were mirror images of each other in their mutual commitment to faith in the public space, to the importance of the trend towards globalisation.
Benedict lacks the showmanship of his predecessor, John Paul II, yet a phenomenal intelligence glows from his features like the more nuanced charisma he undoubtedly possesses. Beneath the Pope’s immaculate white attire, elegantly coiffed hair and eirenic presence rests still the tenacious man of faith who is determined beyond measure to fulfil God’s mission on His Earth in his role as successor to St Peter.
Just as Tony Blair did not officially “do God” while Prime Minister but actually did it all the time in private, the Pope will not do politics in this critical election year for the US. But merely by his presence there, he will influence the political landscape.
Methodists in Britain often tell me that they, of all the Christian denominations, are closer in spirit to Roman Catholics than any other. Hillary Clinton, a Methodist, can expect to receive a boost from the visit as she continues to win over the crucial Catholic vote. President Bush is a Methodist too. His brother Jeb, Governor of Florida, is a deeply committed Catholic convert.
So, underlying the visit is a deep, mutual commitment to faith, truth and trust. And it is in that atmosphere that the hard questions will be delivered between the two heads of state. The Pope will not pull his punches in talking on Iraq. He has vehemently opposed the war.
He is also likely to discuss Israel and the Palestinian territories, as well as US policy towards China.
He could himself be asked about the place of women in the Catholic Church, the shortage of priests and the celibacy requirement and how he will prevent paedophiles from entering seminaries in the future.
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Greg don't call me a liar - OK?
And if you still haven't understood my argument about conscience, then please read Jim's excellent and detailed explanation of how conscience developed (evolved) WITHOUT gods.
alan, germany,
Nathan: "Now explain why western society is slowly collapsing as our secular enlightenment grows? "
Explain why America, one of the most religious in the Western world, is also in social turmoil. The answer is almost certainly found in sociology not theology.
David Jones, Loughborough, UK
Early hominids along the line developed socially to the point that they would act, not just selfishly for their own "happiness" or benefit alone, but for the good of their family or group. This was human nature and natural evolution leading to the development of an ethical sense. As groups became tribes, then larger again, higher orders of rules and conventions developed. Moral sense developed independently of religion, though religion was then later conjured up as a way of explaining things now easily explained by science, and as a way of adding social order, developing moral ethics further, and formalising laws to control behaviour. Most people are on the plus side when it comes to being more moral than immoral, and that is a part of our evolution as a species, and is independent of any supernatural force. Ethical principles are to be found in religion, secular state laws, philosophical discourse, literature, the community at large, and other sources. No one area has a mortgage on them.
jim, sydney,
Alan:"You assume a supernatural being".."my conscience tell me what is inherently good "
Where does your consience come from? You are claiming a divine attribute: self-authority.
And you lie about christian assumption as I've often told you that we believe that God reveals himself.
Greg Lorriman, Leatherhead, UK
Steven - from your point of view, maybe.
But from my standpoint as a 100% atheist, a belief in a supernatural fairy-tale dictator in the sky is no basis for my moral values.
You may need an imaginary overseer to prevent you from murdering and lying.
I don't.
alan, germany,
Alan, assume what supernatural being? God is Divine. For many come to belief in God through reasoned and rational thought. They choose to follow God's lead and are not dictated to by God, whom you imagine does not exist.
Steven, Buckhurst Hill,
Nathan - what arrogance!
You assume a supernatural being, and attribute to him the right to dictate what is good or bad.
My intelligence plus my conscience tell me what is inherently good or bad.
This is infinitely better than an imaginary overseer.
(I have no more characters to elaborate.)
alan, germany,
Alan,
Can you tell me WHERE these "inherent" values come from and what makes them innately "good" ?
n.b. evolution cannot give a coherent, reasoned answer.
Now explain why western society is slowly collapsing as our secular enlightenment grows?
Observation disavows your argument
Nathan, Inverness, UK
George - yes, we are answerable for what we choose to believe (or not to believe),.
But we should be answerable to our own consciences, and not - as Allan put it - to some imaginary "Celestial dictator".
There are too many of these imaginary celestial dictators around, and their followers are not well disposed to one another.
Aha, so you say our consciences can be no guide to our actions without a celestial dictator to tell us what is right and what is wrong ...
Well, it's self-evident that murder, lying, hurting are bad. Compassion, selflessness and love and good. Without these inherent values, no society could exist. Do you disagree? Do you really need a celestial dictator to tell you this?
Apart from that, there's no guarantee that that the dictator's words will be heeded.
An evil person will do evil whether he has a celestial dictator or not.
alan, germany,
Allan may care to note John Henry Newman's words, before he dismisses all religious believers as indoctrinated automatons;
"We can believe what we choose. We are answerable for what we choose to believe".
George, London,
Jeb Bush isn't governor of Florida anymore. He served two terms, which is the limit.
M.C., Washington DC, USA
"Give me the Archbishop of Canterbury any day", says David Carr, Halifax, Canada.
He's yours, brother; he's yours.
Brian Champness, Callington, United Kingdom
"Predictions of its decline have failed to materialise." ?
Just look at the number of churches that are being turned to homes, offices, restaurants and even nightclubs. Testimony to the decline of faith and religion. There is no arguing the reduced number of bums on seats, im afraid.
Its the 21st Century. We can think for ourselves now, we no longer need a Celestial dictator.
We are free.
Allan, Stavanger, Norway
Church and state related but distinct, with the primacy of the spiritual life in Christ- in this vale of tears, civilisation can still be built.
Chris Gillibrand, Brussels, Belgium
Not sure what I can say about a "man" (just that) who obviously whilst preaching to the masses, has a hair stylist and is driven around in a glass cage.
Give me the Archbishop of Canterbury any day.
David Carr, Halifax, Canada
"Benedict lacks the showmanship of his predecessor, John Paul II, yet a phenomenal intelligence glows from his features like the more nuanced charisma he undoubtedly possesses."
Thanks, I think that qualifies as this week's entry for the Pseud's Corner section of Private Eye. Gushing and embarrassing.
Mike, London,