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If Turkey’s Army is to be taken at face value, it has 140,000 troops and substantial detachments of heavy armour massed along the country’s southeastern border. It has the Government’s approval in principle for cross-border incursions into Kurdish Iraq. It awaits only parliamentary approval, which could be given as early as today, before launching such operations. And it has ample justification in the form of a 30-year running battle with separatist fighters of the Kurdis-tan Workers’ Party (PKK), which has cost 30,000 lives, including those of 13 Turkish soldiers gunned down on their own soil on Sunday.
Yesterday, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the Prime Minister, confirmed that “preparations for parliamentary authorisation” had begun. He may feel that political and military pressure for a strike on PKK bases in Iraq has become irresistible; it is certainly more intense than at any time since 1995. Even so, he must resist it at all costs.
Mr Erdogan has described his country’s struggle with the PKK as a counter-terrorism campaign with “the same legitimacy for Turkey as it has for the US, Spain or the United Kingdom”. It is true that the Kurdish separatists’ arcane brand of Marxism-Leninism is an ideology almost as extreme, in its way, as that of the al-Qaeda groups that the secular West is battling against worldwide. The PKK is also listed as a terrorist organisation by both the US and the EU. But Turkey’s conflict with the PKK is about territory as well as ideology, and the territory in question is an enclave within an otherwise relatively peaceful and prosperous region of Iraq.
Any significant Turkish military operation in Kurdish Iraq would bring turmoil to the only sector of the country spared large-scale violence since the allied invasion four years ago. It would put at risk Turkey’s strategic alliance with the US, which ensures American access to the vital Incirlik air base but also constitutes Turkey’s single most important source of support in its efforts to win EU accession. It would jeopardise what international support Turkey enjoys in its struggle with Kurdish separatism, and would expose Turkish forces to far greater risks than they now face, not least because of the danger of rival Kurdish factions uniting against them.
Last month Iraq agreed with Turkey to work towards shutting down PKK bases in northern Iraq. The deal is flawed, chiefly because of a perception among Iraq’s Kurds that they have not been consulted. The likelihood, as a result, is that they will attempt to sabotage rather than enforce it. But it explicitly, and rightly, ruled out Turkish cross-border incursions. Ankara had claimed a right to pursue suspected terrorists wherever they fled, but legitimising armed raids across international borders would be an incendiary recipe. It is no more justified for Turkey in Iraq than for Russia in Georgia, where Moscow has courted international opprobrium with cross-border attacks against Chechen terrorists.
Before the Iraq war, Kurdish separatism was a fading force. The PKK has exploited Iraq’s agonies to attack Turkish targets again with little fear of cross-border reprisals. Turkey’s demands for action are understandable, but it must show maturity and forbearance. In return Iraq, with US support if necessary, must deliver on its pledges to deny the PKK a haven. A new conflict in the Middle East would serve no one’s interests.
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To Brian Engler, Vancouver, B.C. , Canada,
Maybe America should have listened to opinions of Turkey before the invasion of Iraq. As far as motives, Turkey has more than enough reasons to take action. I am not talking about satellite pictures of trucks moving around carrying so called weapons of mass destruction. Im talking about civilians and soldiers getting murdered and a threat against the peace and unity of a country and its nation.
Can K., Istanbul, Turkey
The rub of the article is that "Iraq, with US support, must deliver on its pledges to deny the PKK a haven."
The north is run by the Kurdish Regional Government, not the central Iraqi Government - who have been nothing short of supportive of the PKK. Weapons being found in the possession of PKK have subsequently turned out to be US weapons given to the KRG. And the US has withdrawn all its forces from the North, leaving it to the KRG - thereby washing its hands of the situation.
Turkey has watched its citizens and soldiers alike killed on Turkish soil for four years waiting for this pledge to be fulfilled. It is clearly not going to happen, so I fail to see the point of this editorial.
It is not as if the PKK represent the Kurdish people of Turkey - who overwhelmingly voted AKP over the PKKs political wing, DTP. This is not altogether surprising considering most of their victims have been 'uncooperative' Kurds i.e. lining teachers up and executing them. How freedom fighterish.
Ed, London,
I think "TIm Martin, Fukuoka, Japan" statement has summed it all up correclty. Most of the world was behind the USA when it went after al qaeda in Afghanistan for the 9/11 attrocities. Turkey has sufferd nearly 40000 casulties since the PKK terrorist formed. Also Turkeys so called European allies have shown little if no support regularly refering to the terrorist as militants or guerrilla fighters in the media. This blatant double standards by Europe, and if the USA wanted to stop the situation from becoming as such they and their allies the PUK and KDP would have removed the PKK terrorists and stopped giving them support a long time ago; i'm sure if 3000 al qaeda where holed up in the Kandil mountains they would have done so a long tie ago.
Kaz, London, UK
.I think it is the time for Turkey to accept that there is another nation on earth called Kurds and open their eyes to the facts. It is time for them to give the Kurds in Turkey their rights and also to invite the Kurdish federal government in Iraq and sit down with them and try to solve the issues.
Since the Kurdish part of Iraq been living in peace. The Turkish governments are trying to find every possibility to destabilize the region. Well we are Kurds and we are proud who we are, we will never be Turks. We will defend our selves against any aggression and may this will unite us against our enemy. Time of Genocides and destructions finished and it is the time of Talk and accepting the others.
Ameer Ali, London, Uk
The Nestorian Christians who also live in this area of northern Iraq also need to be considered. In 1915 the Turks used the Kurds to massacre them. The legacy of suspicion between Nestorians and Kurds is also a factor in all this.
Roger Pearse, Ipswich,
This article has no doubt been approved by the White House and PKK leaders before being published! Isn't this article condoning the US invasion of Iraq and the Kurd attacks in various Turkish territories? And in the same breadth it suggests Turkish "adventurism" would be wrong, should they choose to attack PKK strongholds inside the Iraqi border, when, if such action was taken, would be no different. Perhaps the only difference would in fact be that the Turkish army would not be be looking for imaginary WMDs as an excuse to invade. And the risks involved? Would that be damaging Turkey's relationships with the EU and the US, who are now officially accusing Turkey of genocide of Armenians? Let's hope the author of this article will try to be lass bias next time.
Umit, London, UK
Well - we are looking at it with a flawed understanding:
For the "national sovereignty" of Iraq to be violated, it needs to exist in the first place. Iraqi police cannot even ensure the most basic security in its capital. "Iraq" doesn't exist as an ordinary "country" for its "borders" to be violated, if Turkey chases PKK terrorists.
PKK has a very weird mix of Marxist-Leninist and ethnic-nationalist ideology, and has been extremely ruthless againsy dealing with Kurds who dared speak against it, as well as the Turks. They have a collective schizophrenia panned with a "desperados" attitude. They lay mines and assasinate both soldiers and civilians.
No democratic claims can be made at the barrel of a gun: then it becomes an armed struggle. It is false that PKK is fighting for democratic rights: one can only fight for physical supremacy when guns are involved.
Baris Tarim, Caen, France
The murders of 15 soldiers in an ambush and 12 civilians who were shot dead in a caravan last week by the PKK terrorist group have elevated the already high anger level in the Turkish community. First of all, I am appalled to see the use of the word "Kurdish rebel", instead of "Kurdish terrorist". These acts have been carried out by "terrorists". The Turkish government has avoided a military action into Iraq until these last two critical events. Turkey needs urgently to take action against terrorism, and Western powers should not show double standards against terrorism. American made weapons have indirectly been delivered to the hands of PKK, and the flow of PKK terrorists into Turkey has not stopped. This is not a "Kurdish issue". This is a PKK-terrorism related issue that threatens the citizens of Turkey. By the way, most of the civilians who were shot dead were of Kurdish decent, as well as one of the 20 year old soldiers who was buried in Diyarbakir in the Southeast region.
Can K., Istanbul, Turkey
"Turkish adventurism in Iraq would be an unmitigated disaster?
Sort of like American adventurism in Iraq "is" an unmitigated disaster?
I mean, why can't the Turks learn from American experience? Rather than imitate it?
Apparently Americans are allowed to do it: Invade other countries on false pretences: Where are those weapons of mass destruction, anyway? . . . but nobody else can . . .
The blatant hypocrisy of this article is appalling . . . .
Brian Engler, Vancouver, B.C. , Canada
Noted ... not a solitary word on the national claims of the Kurds to a homeland.
This has nothing at all to do with terrorism and verything to do with denying the Kurds a viable state which would be a magnet for Kurdish aspirations in the region.
For years, the western powers have conspired with Turkey as part of the grander geopolitcal struggle with the USSR and for hegemony over the middle east. The Kurds have not fared well at all in this. They have been shafterd in Iraq, Iran and also Turkey. The west should hang its collective head in shame.
Fran Barlow, Sydney, Australia
So it's perfectly acceptable for America and the UK to go after terrorists where ever they hide, but not Turkey? Israel can strike Lebanon and Syria for the sake of national security and the pursuit of an enemy, but not Turkey?
Why the double standard? Are the lives of Turks just as valuable? If this is how the big boys play the game shouldn't Turkey be allowed to join the club? If Turkey is to become a stable democratic state shouldn't it follow the example set forth by the global leaders?? Preemptive (and responsive) strikes, invasion and occupation are all tactics successfully used by NATO (which Turkey is a member) and others. Why should Turkey not be allowed to respond in a similar manner. It may cause problems for the US and may strain alliances, but Turkey would simply be emulating some of the more successful and powerful nations.
TIm Martin, Fukuoka, Japan
"Ankara had claimed a right to pursue suspected terrorists wherever they fled, but legitimising armed raids across international borders would be an incendiary recipe. It is no more justified for Turkey in Iraq than for Russia in Georgia, where Moscow has courted international opprobrium with cross-border attacks against Chechen terrorists"
So what has the USA done in Afghanistan and Iraq?
A R Taylor, Hamilton, Ontario