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Hugo Chávez excels at fooling most of the people most of the time, never more so than when persuading Venezuela's poor that he is their mighty champion, striving with passion to improve their lot. A flashy and incorrigible, but tactically astute, populist, the Venezuelan President has used his three election victories since 1998 to wrest more and more of the levers of power away from the people. Chávistas dominate the National Assembly, his nominees run Venezuela's supreme court and the electoral commission; and his henchmen manage (or more commonly mismanage) the nationalised utilities and the all-important oil industry whose bulging revenues bankroll his “battle to build socialism”.
Politicians who forever invoke “the power of the people” are suspect. The dictatorship of the proletariat invariably hands unchecked power to the few. Mr Chávez is a former paratroop commander whose pursuit of power dates back to a failed coup attempt in 1992, and who makes no secret of wanting to stay at the top for good: until he is 95, to be precise. He visibly chafes at constitutional constraints even though he himself wrote the rules, in the revised Constitution of 1999. Time and again Mr Chávez has bent the law and then used street power to drown the protests of his critics. On Sunday he went for broke.
To his astonishment, he lost. The Chávez spell failed to work its magic. In a referendum on a new Constitution that Mr Chávez would not have called had he not been confident of victory, 51 per cent of Venezuelans said “no”. No to handing Mr Chávez a lifelong key to the presidency; no to more “emergency” presidential powers to abridge civil liberties; no to handing him control over Venezuela's central bank and currency reserves no, more generally, to his ancien regime “l'etat c'est moi” take on radical socialism.
Despite the State's domination of the airwaves, despite the opposition's weakness, despite Mr Chávez's talent for polarising the electorate on class lines and convincing his followers that to brook his will is treason, voters understood that the 69 constitutional changes that they were being asked to approve would turn Venezuela into a de facto dictatorship. It was, said a disaffected presidential confidant, a coup by constitutional means. People smelt a rat. Three million voters deserted the Chávez ship.
Their disaffection should hearten reformers, not least because some Chávistas went beyond abstaining to switch sides. The opposition campaign, led by students, wisely concentrated on the threat to democracy, supported some of the genuinely popular proposals, such as a probably unworkable scheme to extend social security to the informal economy, and carefully avoided turning the vote into a referendum on Mr Chávez. In victory, it has called for reconciliation, not retribution. The President has, in turn, accepted defeat with apparent good grace, astutely seeing a chance to polish his rusted democratic credentials. But he has been slowed, not stopped. After the failed 1992 coup, he said: “For now, we couldn't do it.” He used those words again yesterday, adding “this is not a defeat”. This is not a man who takes no for an answer.
This is a small first step. The opposition united round an issue; it has yet to find a leader. But autocrats, whether of Left or Right, need to appear invincible. Mr Chávez has lost that aura.
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I see to see this differently as most of the world's press. Hugo Chavez lost the referendum, and has accepted the results. That is democratic. If he had won the referendum, and accepted the results, that would not be democratic? I'll tell you what's not democratic, and that is a coup.
Gomez Escobar, Chicago, USA / IL
"Sam" you are obvious oblivious to any or even all of Chavez's policies otherwise you would know that your comments are unfounded and incorrect. Chavez has started to re-distribute the money from the big multi-nationals and is returning back into the rightful hands of the people and the country as a whole.
Have you ever realised "Sam", that any Socialist government DEMOCRATICALLY elected in South America seemed to get kicked out by right wing coup's supported by America? I remember Chile being a symbol of how great kicking out democratic leaders and replacing them with paranoid despots works.
Of course Pinochet WAS looking after the people and the country, unlike Chavez. Chavez is only after making money and letting the Multi-nationals exploit their natural resources.
Leon F., Great Yarmouth, Norfolk
"Sam" you are obvious oblivious to any or even all of Chavez's policies otherwise you would know that your comments are unfounded and incorrect. Chavez has started to re-distribute the money from the big multi-nationals and is returning back into the rightful hands of the people and the country as a whole.
Have you ever realised "Sam", that any Socialist government DEMOCRATICALLY elected in South America seemed to get kicked out by right wing coup's supported by America? I remember Chile being a symbol of how great kicking out democratic leaders and replacing them with paranoid despots works.
Of course Pinochet WAS looking after the people and the country, unlike Chavez. Chavez is only after making money and letting the Multi-nationals exploit their natural resources.
Leon F., Great Yarmouth, Norfolk
How refreshing to read a leading article which shows an understanding for the situation in Venezuela. In a country with enormous oil income, the productive capacity has been so damaged by the policies and incompetence of the present government that we have acute shortages of such basic requirements as milk, sugar, cooking oil, tea and toilet paper. Job creation, personal safety and housing have been ignored by a president who happily gives away Venezuelan resources to Cuba, Ecuador, Bolivia, London and many others.
As stated in the article, Chavez needs to maintain the poor in their present state since that is where he has his main support. This is achieved by giving them handouts instead of providing employment.
It is, perhaps, significant that the correspondents praising his "modern socialistic" policies live far away in Canada and France, not here in Venezuela.
Jonas, Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela
To Roy Brydges. Chavez relies on the poor and uneducated, sadly so easily duped by socialist bullies like him, for his power base. Therefore, whatever he says or does, he will make sure that they remain poor and uneducated in the long term, otherwise he will totally lose his support.
It is socialism that has been a worldwide failure â it results in the leaders being the âhavesâ and everyone else being the âhave notsâ. I can only think of a few countries in the world where there are virtually no âhave notsâ and they all run on capitalist lines.
Sam Bartlett, Port El Kantaoui, Tunisia
Didn't Britain control the central bank until quite recently? How is bailing out the Northern Rock not acting like a central bank?
How is suspension of habeas corpus for 28 days democratic?
What is democratic about arresting people who protest peacefully against injustices in public?
How is suspension of civil liberties and detention without trial to protect democracy when the USA does it but dictatorship for anyone else?
Hear Hear Ron Brydges.
Terence Hollingworth, Blagnac, France
Not quite a Mugabe, but when Chavez finally goes he will leave Venezuela in desperate shape compared to what it would have been without him.
Faustino, Brisbane, Australia
Outrageous that the idea of a life long presidency should even be entertained.
The fact that the voting public should want to trade in its right to vote for a president each term for nothing is absurd. I am appalled that even 49% voted for this.
Irrespective of your political beliefs, it is crazy to eliminate your ability to influence politics: if you like Chavez, and continue to like him in 5, 10 15+ years time - then vote for him.
If however, he loses his way, your beliefs change, his policies do not work, etc, then you can always vote for someone else next time.
Shane, Guildford, England
You got it wrong. Chavez is a legitimate champion of the poor who has made significant reductions in poverty unlike a Toni Blair and his new left crowd who portended to address poverty but achieved nothing.
And why is it that British parliamentary system has no constraints upon the number of times a primeminister can run for re-election without the concern of dictatorial mantle while Venezuela cannot. Is this another example of imagined British superiority.
Venezuella is under Chavez going through a democratic revolution that offers hope to millions within that country and beyond. In numerous ways entrenched Capitalism has proven to be an abject failure that has created a world society of haves and have nots. must be challenged. I wish Chavez every succes in realizing a modern democratic socialist that works for the betterment of all people.
What is the matter with you people?
Ron Brydges, St. Catharines, ON Canada