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Yesterday's euphoria will fade fast. After the flags, fireworks, rejoicing and street parties, the people of Kosovo must now deal with the challenges of the solemn parliamentary declaration that proclaimed their country independent. On the diplomatic front, they face the anger and unyielding opposition of Serbia, which yesterday said it would do all it could, short of military action, to annul this “arbitrarily and illegally proclaimed” independence. At home, they must contend with poverty, high unemployment and the sullen resentment of the 120,000-strong Serb minority, who boycotted the parliamentary declaration and are braced for violence. Internationally, Europe's newest nation has divided the European Union and will run into a Russian veto halting any attempt to join the United Nations.
European Union foreign ministers meet today to give broad endorsement to the plan for “supervised” independence drawn up by the EU's special envoy, Martti Ahtisaari. In concert with Washington, Britain, Germany, Italy and France are to recognise Kosovo and authorise the deployment of a 2,000-strong EU police and judicial team intended to underpin the 120-day transition to full independence, after which Kosovo will adopt a new constitution. Several EU members, however, will not follow suit. These include Spain, which fears that the breakaway state will set a precedent for the Basque country. Kosovo's immediate neighbours also have doubts: Greece, Romania, Bulgaria and Cyprus share with Serbia an Orthodox heritage and are wary of emboldening their own secessionist fringes. Indeed, Cyprus, which voted for a new President yesterday, is unlikely ever to recognise Kosovo, fearing that this will entrench its own division.
The more ominous opposition, however, comes from Russia. Moscow has long sided with Serbian nationalists, though the recent re-election of Serbia's pro-West President may limit its influence in Belgrade. But last week President Putin warned the West that Moscow was far from resigned to Kosovan independence and would be “forced to act”. Without UN approval, he said, independence would set a precedent for other “frozen” conflicts, such as the breakaway regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia and the Trans-Dniester area of Moldova. Moscow may recognise their independence, provoking new tensions. It is likely also to prove an even more prickly partner in the Security Council.
Given these legal and diplomatic obstacles, Hashim Thaci, the former head of the Kosovan Liberation Army and now the country's Prime Minister, must show steely realism. He must reinforce the guarantees to the Serb minority and quash any nationalist hopes of a Greater Albania that unites Kosovo with ethnic kinsmen in Albania and Macedonia. He must also puncture exaggerated hopes that independence will bring swift prosperity. Kosovo's economy is still depressed: unemployment is running at around 40 per cent, almost half the population subsists below the poverty line of €1.45 a day and each year 30,000 young people enter the job market - five times the number business can absorb. Kosovo needs better skills, a more robust legal system and less corruption to attract investment. Kosovans have suffered much and have spent nine years in limbo. Now that they are sovereign, they must work hard to make a success of Europe's 46th nation.
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Firstly, if the Kosovars are Albanians, then surely Kosovo is not a new 'nation' but a new 'state'.
Secondly, I don't understand why they simply don't merge with Abania proper. That would be the logical course of action. Does Europe need two separate Albanian-speaking states? It's a similar situation to Romania/Moldova and somewhat similarly to the Netherlands/Flanders scenario.
Erik, Dublin,
Don't worry guys; it will all be forgotten in no time. Serbia was against the independence of Slovenia, then against the independence of Croatia, later on against the independence of Bosnia Herzegovina.
Now is against the independence of Kosova.
I honestly believe the independence of Kosova will set Serbs free out of ultra-nationalism, but will not come too soon. Not as soon as after long struggle, many demonstrations and riots in the streets by the new young blood that will demand from their nationalistic leaders to forget the past and see into the future, and that is EU.
And possibly a new revolution, a similar to the one that ousted Milosevic might be needed to set Serbia in a right direction.
Nick , Egham , UK
As a Serb, I wouldn't mind seeing Kosovo departing from Serbia if people self-determination is established as governing principle. In that case Serbs in Serb Republic in Bosnia have the same right to separate since probably 90% of population want that. But if the only Western principle is being anti-Serb, as it looks these days, that is really bad foundation for any lasting peace in that part of the world. More than half of humanity (China, India, Russia, Brazil, etc.) already said that they won't recognize this breach of international order by the US, and for many years we will have instability that in any moment can blow up into full scale war. It sounds like many in the US think Serbs will just eventually give up after sometime; very foolish assumption if you know anything about Serb history.
Milan, Vancouver,
The claim that Albanians are "newcomers" in Kosovo and the Balkans is truly the mark of a someone who has fallen prey to misinformed media that simply need to fill the lines of their articles. Albanians, as direct descendants of Illyrians, were there before Serbs even started to move into the area from Asia. The best way to learn about history is to read history books. Read for example Noel Malcolm, one of the most respected historians out there, and learn about the history of the Balkans from a trusted source.
AldoPlepi, New York, NY, US
well, well, well. Albanians are new to the region? Albanians came there during Tito's time? You guys need to read some history--unless I got it wrong and Tito was born some 2500 years ago. .
Albanian, NYC, USA
''Some damn fool thing in the Balkans'',as Otto von Bismarck observed. This new ''damn fool thing''comes in the guise of the rackateer KLA,which will usher in jihadism and thus create a demonstrable European beachhead,no differant than that suffered by Russia and its breakaway Chechen ''republic''.
What we see is merely more Albanian Lebensraum,moving into Kosovo,then eyeing designs on Macedonia and Montenegro. Not for nothing do Greece and Russia remain anxious. The western democracies,as usual,will do nothing until Edward Greys [to use another WWI-era metaphor], ''lamps begin going out all over Europe''. These ''lamps''will be the victims of jihadist repression and terrorism itself. Kosovo will become a haven for the angry Muslim streetfighter,now trying out his capabilities in Denmark and France as we speak,and it will become no mean stretch to elevate rocktossing and automobile torching into the bombings that will kill hundreds and thousands. All for ''allah''.
Lee Holmes, Elko, Nevada,USA
Kosovo has been part of Serbia for centuries.
How would we in the US feel if 30 years from now, California, with a likely Latino majority by then decides to declare its independence from the USA, or decides to re-join itself to Mexico?
As an American, I find my country's cheerleading for Kosovo independence really offensive. This is none of our business!
Daniel, Potomac,
I am wondering why would EU create such a radical state in their own R-se... I constantly hear about Albanian criminals in the UK, they should definitely know what those ppl are like.
BTW, how about providing Northern Ireland with independence? I can't see this precedent any different than many other cases of separatism around the world.
* both world wars started in Balkans
Albert, Vancouver,
The basic problem is of one people swamping the population of another. After their population has been swamped any appeal to a democratic decision becomes impossible.
Examples include:
Russian immigration into the Baltic States during the Soviet Union.
Turkish immigration into Northern Cyprus after the invasion.
Albanian immigration into Kosavo (?)
European immigration into what is the USA, Australia etc in colonial times.
English immigration into their last colonies in Wales, Cornwall & Scotland
And many, many more back into ancient history.
Are we starting to do the same thing with the 5 million leaving the UK for Spain, Greece etc ? Problems for the future.
How can the original population have any democratic say when they become a small minority by such swamping.
Brian Vallance, Corfu, Greece
The Pandora's box is open. Now we'll see who claims it's for good.
Maintaining the status quo based on the territorial integrity of states has been a cornerstone of international politics since the Helsinki Accords. I think it doesn't matter how many times the words "exception to the rule" would be repeated, anyhow the concerned actors would see there "violation of the rule" with the all possible consequences.
Finamrus, N.Novgorod, Russia
The former Yugoslavia is full of peoples who have waged bloody merciless war on each other yet all claim to be peace-loving and cuddly earthly angels!
Obviously Serbia contains many kind and gentle human beings, but its political history tells a different story. The violent demonstrations in Belgrade spoke volumes about this arrogant colonial attitude where all of Greater Serbia is there to be possessed; all non-Serbians are there to be oppressed.
Serbia cannot simply claim dictatorial rights simply because a piece of land plays a large part in their folklore any more than Cardiff can claim hegemony over England and the right to slaughter Englishmen just because Celts were in Britain before the Angles and Saxons arrived centuries ago.
Serbians must grow up and learn to live in a world with other peoples and recognise their rights to a civilised and peaceful life. They have not done so yet. Their hands are still red with blood.
Sam, Shrewsbury, England
The Albanians are new to the region, they should be paid to move somewhere else, or transport arranged to Albainia. Wherever.
David From Australia, Mudgee, Australia
Welcome to the World's latest Toy-Town republic, this one an unashameded satrapy of the EU, with Big Daddy - the USA - lurking in the background. That it represents the victory of a conscious policy of ethnic displacement - whereby a particular alien ethno-religious group (Albanians) has, over the years, displaced the original inhabitants (Serbs) from their historical homeland - is never remarked by the press.
Robert Dewar, High Wycombe,
As a Serbian i totaly disagree with everything in this article. Unfortunatly, no one knows and no one is willin' to know the real facts and truth about Kosovo and what Kosovo means for Serbia.
And again, thanks to you journalists, Serbs are again aggressive-nationalistic nation. Sorry, we're not. Simply, we only defended what belongs to us since Albanians came to Kosovo during Tito time and they were first who took over military action against Serbs. And now with this "independence" we have two Albanian countries in Europe. How is that possible? Do we have two French states in Europe? Are the Serbs really violent, criminal and aggressive people? The answer is clear: No!
For all of you who think in the other way i strongly recomend you to come to visit Serbia and to see how friendly people we are, specialy for west Europeans and Americans as well.
This is democratic country, Albanins on Kosovo will only unstable situations in other countries in surrounding.
Kristian, Belgrade, Serbia