Alexandra Frean, Education Editor
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The millions of pounds spent attempting to raise the standard of English in primary schools has had almost no impact on children’s reading skills, according to a devastating critique on the education system.
Pupils feel anxious about school tests and are losing their love of reading in the drive to improve literacy levels, according to a review published today by the University of Cambridge.
There was no strong evidence to support the Government’s claim that national testing in primary schools drives up standards, the review concluded. It added that the current system could be giving up to a third of children the wrong grades.
The researchers, who include some of the country’s leading educationalists, called for a significant overhaul of primary school testing and recommended that national standards should be monitored using a sample survey of pupils instead of collecting results for every child in the country at ages 7 and 11.
The research by academics at the universities of Bristol and Durham and the National Foundation for Educational Research represents the latest findings of the Cambridge Primary Review, the biggest inquiry into primary education for decades.
The Durham University study, led by Peter Tymms, concluded that the National Literacy Strategy, which includes the “literacy hour” daily English lesson, had made a “barely noticeable” impression on reading standards, which had barely improved since the 1950s.
The report said: “£500 million was spent on the National Literacy Strategy with almost no impact on reading levels.” The apparently dramatic rise in primary school test results “exaggerated the changes in pupils’ attainment levels and were seriously misleading”.
Professor Tymms has in the past criticised ministers for suggesting that tests do not reflect the true nature of rising standards. But the independent statistics watchdog has backed his conclusions.
Wynne Harlen from the University of Bristol gave warning in his report that primary school national tests were too narrow. “There is considerable research evidence that high- stakes tests put teachers under pressure to increase scores, which they do by teaching to the tests, giving multiple practice tests and coaching pupils in how to answer questions,” he said. “There is firm evidence that this results in considerable stress for pupils.”
The report calculated that pupils spend about nine school days in Year 5 and 13 school days in Year 6 practising for and taking tests. “This is time that teachers and pupils could use in other ways,” it said.
Despite these concerns, a third report in the series — this time from the National Foundation for Educational Research — found that standards in English primary schools compared favourably with other countries’ results.
In reading, English primaries are still in the top group of countries, outperforming France, Germany, Italy, and the US. In maths, there has been significant improvement from 1995 to 2003, with England surpassing schools in the United States, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Scotland, Norway and eight other countries. In science, English schools were also among the top performers in the world.
Steve Sinnott, general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said that the testing system must be changed. “There is every reason to act to dismantle a testing system whose only effect seems to be to create stress for pupils and teachers,” he said.
Nick Gibb, the Shadow Schools Minister, said: “Millions of pounds have been spent on education but we haven’t seen improvements. As a result, many children, particularly those from poorer backgrounds, are not getting the opportunities they deserve.”
But Lord Adonis, the Schools Minister, rejected the findings, stating that primary standards were at their highest levels. “This is not an opinion, it is fact,” he said.

Offering more parental choice — ranging from comprehensives and partially selective schools to trusts and academies — is leaving the most disadvantaged children socially excluded because their parents are less skilled at exercising choice, the National Union of Teachers says in its new manifesto. It wants spending on state pupils brought up to private sector levels by 2014, schools in poor areas to get more cash and pupils to have more say. It also wants every teacher to be entitled to a one-term sabbatical for research every seven years.
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The question should be posed as to the effect on literacy if the extra millions had not been spent. With the counter attraction of TV in homes, parents both working and the increase of children whose first language is not English we are running to stand still.
John Tinsley, Newark,
The question might be posed on what the effect of literacy would have been without the extra millions spent. As the counter attraction of TV, effects of both parents working and increase of pupils with English not their first language impacts on school children we are running to stand still.
John Tinsley, Newark,
Education, education, education! Yea right!
D Case, Newquay,
It was fairly obvious within a couple of years of the introduction of Labour's initiatives that they weren't making very much difference but, as usual, nobody bothers to consult with the classroom practitioners. It is far more likely that there is little change, as this report quotes, than there has been a 'miraculous' improvement since Government tests said so. If ever there was proof that this Government has dumbed down and exaggerates every tiny statistic that it can lay its disingenuous, grubby hands on, this is it. The waste in Education is enormous and everybody bar those who teach, is an 'expert'. Education is in a mess and needs direction, control and a totally new broom to clear out the dross who are by and large paid, ( large salaries), to turn up, state the obvious and nod. When you look at the amount of money that was spent on all of this, every child in the country could have been afforded one to one. It proves that Education, Education, Education was a con, con, con.
judy, Liverpool, england
There is my question.
We never had so many researchers, papers published and money spent for education.
However, England is known to encounter the most problem in Education in Europe.
Could that mean that the wrong approach has been adopted?
Oh wait. Can we say that. They are the expert, aren't they?
So good that even the journalist can see mice running at 72 km per hour (other article of this website).
I am not even English and I am still seeing error in comments such as the use of it's instead of its. Do you believe this is normal?
aurelien, Middlesbrough,
Can someone tell me what was so terribly wrong with reading standards in the 50's?
I was educated in the 40's & 50's and I cannot recollect anyone in any of my classes incapable of reading and writing during that period.
And guess what, we could all count without a calculator or PC.
Tomas, Alicante, Spain
Another wonderful initiative on testing by this control freak administration. Needless to say it has been an enormous waste of money. Our money. That Lord Adonis should have the nerve to ignore and deride this report is just another example of the crass behaviour of ministers. When will they realise that this sort of behaviour does not fool anyone and is another example of what is wrong with Labour. If they told me it was raining out side I would have to go and take a look.
Diddly Do, Liverpool,
Another body-blow in weeek of governement failings.
A crass waste of taxpayers money. Politician after politician trucked out to say "we've increased funding". Yet in so many areas, the taxpayer doesn't reap any benefit from the extra money thrown at problems. But "increased funding" looks good in the media.
Hopefully, the elctorate will eventually start to ask the question - but are we getting value for money?
I'm afraid the answer across the board will be no.
The Labour government is prepared to drive more people into poverty to fund it's failing initiatives.
Step down Mr Brown, call a general election.
W Smith, Oldham,
No surprise. It's 10 years since the finest system of mathematical education up to GCSE level I have ever experienced was cast aside in favour one based on rote learning for examinations, with little need for understanding. The result is a a disillusioned generation with little inclination for using their minds in a mathematical way. Many have a 'C' at GCSE, of course, which looks good - but it can be obtained by demonstrating that you have not understood two-thirds of what you have studied. Yours in exasperation.
Gordon Cardew, NORWICH, UK
Ministers refuse to accept the findings of every report that's published. Ministers are right, the reports are wrong. The government is expert at wasting our taxes-we are being bled white and nowt to show for it. The unelected Adonis will never see the error of his ways, but then, what else should we expect from a bunch of criminal incompetents.
ben, kettering,
Education!
Edukation!
Eddukasun!
Sparks, uk,
Time to don my I Told You So sweatshirt, I think.
None of this news comes as a surprise to most of our primary teachers, to many parents, or even to our school caretaker;
a man short on educational philosophies, but long on common sense . If WE could all see the writing on the wall growing larger year by year, why did the Government, with its educational gurus, et al., need to wait for a Primary Review to decode it for them? That's a rhetorical question; I know the answer.
The real tragedy - and for some that is the right word - is not the wilfully enormous amount of money that has been wasted. It is that the relentless, politial, misguided initiatives have irrevocably demoralised and soured so many Heads and teachers and, more importantly, the young children in our care. The satisfaction of knowing one was right all along disappears in the anger of the realisation of that. The great fear of course, is that there is no assurance they will know any better this time
HPK, Thatcham, UK