Nicola Woolcock
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Social mobility has not increased in 30 years and British children are the least likely to escape their background, a report says today. The academic progress of children is overwhelmingly linked to how much their parents earn, according to researchers from the London School of Economics.
They say that the brightest children born into the poorest families in 2000 are, by now, being overtaken in test scores by the least academic children from rich backgrounds. And whereas almost half of 23-year-olds from the wealthiest households had acquired a degree in 2002 only 10 per cent of those with the poorest parents did so.
Sir Peter Lampl, chairman of the Sutton Trust, which funded the research, said: “Britain remains stuck at the bottom of the international league tables when it comes to social mobility. It is appalling that young people’s life chances are still so tied to the fortunes of their parents and that this situation has not improved over the last three decades.
“We need a radical review of our approach to improving social mobility, starting with an independent commission to review the underlying causes for our low level of mobility and what can be done to address it.”
Academics from the London School of Economics and the University of Surrey studied data on children born between 1970 and 2000. A previous study showed a decline in social mobility between 1958 and 1970. The latest report shows that it stabilised after 1970 but did not improve, and it charted how well children who were born in 2000 performed in cognitive tests aged 3 and 5.
The authors said: “Those from the poorest fifth of households, but in the brightest group at age 3, drop from the 88th percentile on cognitive tests at 3 to the 65th percentile at age 5.
“Those from the richest households who are least able at age 3 move up from the 15th percentile to the 45th percentile by age 5. If this trend continued these children from affluent backgrounds would be likely to overtake the poorer, but initially bright, children in test scores by age 7.”
Jo Blanden, who led the research, said: “By looking at the relationship between children’s educational outcomes at different ages and parental income we can predict likely patterns of mobility for those who have not yet reached adulthood.”
The report found that the percentage gap in graduation rates between the poorest and richest groups remained static from 1993 and 1998 and had increased slightly by 2002.
The report added that Britain compared unfavourably with other advanced countries in social mobility.
Michael Gove, the Shadow Children’s Secretary, said: “We need a school system that allows bright children to succeed regardless of their economic background.” Beverley Hughes, the Children’s Minister, said: “It is encouraging to see that the previous decline in social mobility in the UK appears to have stabilised.”

Half of parents discourage their children from speaking with local accents for fear that it might harm their prospects, a survey of 2,300 people by Combined Insurance found. More than a quarter of parents from the West Country worried that their children might be teased. Parents in the North East were concerned about the effect when applying to university.

35% of children with free school meals get 5 GCSEs A* to C (National average: 59%)
21% get 5 GCSEs A* to C including English and maths (National average: 45%)
Source: Department for Children, Schools and Families
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I went to a private school in Surrey, graduated from Birmingham university and a London university.
I have struggled to get work. I cannot get a well paid job. In school I felt alienated because people were richer, behaved like an upper middle class, I was often the only non-white person in the class, I was Muslim. I felt alienated by their lifestyle
Abdul, Guildford,
I'm in agreement with Dave Richards on this one...
There is a belief that people who seem to be talented have a natural gift or a "gods gift". Equally, if you try to aspire, you are pulled down by those who don't want to see it.
However, I do see a role in the physcial environment. If your walls are thin and all you hear is your neighbour, then that is highly off-putting. Similarly you'll risk getting an ASBO for trying to learn anything such as a musical instrument, or knocking together a canvas for painting, so on and so forth...
Simon, Oxford, UK
From the reporting of these events, one gets the distinct impression that the findings focus heavily on young kids. At this age, and I speak from my own experience as a teacher, parents' (and also peers') attitudes are more important than actual ability. Smart kids are vilified amongst peers for being swots and receive little encouragement from parents to aspire to something they see as stuck-up.
It's not a failure of the government or society at large, but a failure of bad parents who see no value in education for their children.
Dave Richards, essen, Germany
I do not see how "feckless" parents come into this. This is about financial situations and their roll in education.
The problem is access to learning materials for children at home for low income parents, this does not indicate they are bad parents. Also if you have a lower income you are more likely to live in a more economically deprived area and often schools in those areas have less resources and teachers per child. Its all obvious and I agree I don't think anyones suprised by the findings, but at least it is being adressed and highlighted.
I agree about the comment about access to a degree for poorer families. Low income students often have to work around uni (some full time with a full time course) which is a massive burden. There is some support available, it is not enough.
We are turning some of the brightest and most able children away from education, making a huge impact for the worse on thier lives perhaps.
The system is failing lower income children
C Berry, N. Wales,
Money has nothing to do with it. I'm currently a student at university and I am not from a wealthy background. If children want to succeed and are encouraged then they will. It's a question of how they are raised rather than how wealthy their parents are.
Sarah, Kent, UK.
Why oh why did they abolish most of the grammar schools? They were one of the best channels for advancement of bright but poor children. Comprehensives simply succeed in pulling down the brighter children and encouraging richer parents to move to private education
Ian, Frederick, USA MD
Many 'working-class' parents simply don't value education- I was told 'Schools don't teach useful things' by a bright teenager on a job trial, who proved incapable of learning simple tasks because lack of schooling meant she found the learning process itself difficult.
Nick, Nottingham, Notts
Get rid of titles in your country and everything else will fall into place.
Catherine, Chicago, USA
Dim?? Not very pc is it?
R Bingham, Lauzun, France
Feckless parents and crap schools. Anyway, who cares?
Aden Brill, Hereford, UK
Looking at the charts in the hard copy of The Times and it becomes very clear that the main story is NOT the REAL story we should be taking away from this.
OK, the headlines grab your attention but most importantly between the ages of 3 and 7 you see the brightest kids being pulled DOWN from a score 90% to around 70%.
The implication that âbrightnessâ is being dimmed is far, far more important.
Or have we turned into a culture celebrating âdimnessâ?
Gary Ward, Betley, UK
Why have these academics not made the connection between parental income and the ability to fund a degree course? Time to reduce the number of degree courses available and make them accessible to students whose parents have low incomes.
P Robbins, Cornwall,
The only surprising thing about this report is that anyone was surprised by it. I just hope that politicians don't start banging on about money and wealth as if this is the only or most important issue here. In my experience of living in an inner city area, the problem for many kids is not that their parents are materially poor, but rather that their parents seem to have abdicated any responsibility for the upbringing of their children. You can throw as much money at the problem as you like, but nothing will change until the cycle of poor parenting is broken.
Andrew Brown, derby, UK
A bright child will shine through regardless of their home life, providing they work hard.
VJay, London,
Why is this surprising? Social moblity has been massvely reduced full stop. Entrance to the top tier universities is dominated by the privately educated. Fees for private education are out of reach for most.
The idea of a job for life has disappeared - you are much less likely to get promoted to a senior role based on merit that 20 years ago. Increasingly an MBA is needed as the entrance ticket to senior roles.
Benefits such as share options and decent pensions are disappearing as the management of mid to large companies take more of the money for themselves.
The education system is reflecting society at large.
Dave, Reading, UK
This has just been puffed on the BBC radio news. The spin being applied seems to be setting up the 'middle class' parents as the culprits.
Surely this is, self-evidently, a major failing of the state educational system!
Ray, Dartmouth,