Thousands of students are working in paid jobs as they struggle to survive even with maximum loans and grants, according to research published today.

Almost half of those who work rely on employment to fund basic living expenses. Many say that it has a negative impact on their studies.

The survey by the National Union of Students (NUS) reveals just how widespread working has become. Three quarters of students have jobs. They spend, on average, almost the same number of hours being taught per week (15 hours) as they do at work (14 hours).

Seven in ten of those employed carry out unskilled or hourly paid work such as cleaning, bartending or working in a shop. Oxford and Cambridge frown upon term-time working and discourage students from taking jobs. But students at most universities, particularly the former polytechnics, are resorting increasingly to paid employment.

While a quarter of those who work spend up to eight hours a week doing so, almost half spend nine to sixteen hours in their jobs. Another fifth spend 17 to 24 hours at work each week, and 5 per cent work between 25 and 32 hours. About 40,000 students (3 per cent) work more than 33 hours a week. The report said: “A large minority of students (46 per cent) are reliant on paid employment to fund their basic living expenses, with 36 per cent relying on paid work to pay for books and other study aids.” Forty-five per cent said that employment had a negative impact on their academic work.

The study, funded by HSBC, questioned more than 3,000 students from 146 institutions. Almost a third chose their university because it was close to home. Three quarters said that they were enjoying university. Among those who were unhappy, the two key reasons were the quality of teaching and fears about debt. Many had underestimated basic living costs - by almost two fifths for groceries and 35 per cent for travel.

Sally Hunt, general secretary of the University and College Union, which represents university staff, said: “We are concerned that so many students say they are forced into paid work during term time.”

Times recommends

• Students abandon the drink for gyms and juice
• Ofsted: third of Baby P-style reviews inadequate
• Top boys' school picks first woman head