By Alexandra Frean, Education Editor, The Times
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In the age of top-up fees, choosing the right degree course is more important than ever. Courses that are perceived to offer a clear career path are seeing a significant rise in applications, while some traditional academic subjects are struggling.
The rewards of a degree are extremely variable. The lifetime earnings premium for medical graduates is more than £340,000, compared with just £35,000 for those with an arts degree.
This, coupled with the growing expectations that the £3,145 cap on tuition fees will be lifted after a review, due next year, means that a degree by itself will no longer be a guarantee of much greater wealth and career success.
Applications are rising again, two years after the introduction of top-up fees and the indications are that competition for places on popular courses will be more intense next year. There will be a place somewhere in higher education for most of those hoping to start a course next year but such are the uncertainties that candidates would be wise to consider a wide range of options.
The Times Good University Guide 2009, published by HarperCollins, offers a wealth of essential information to help candidates to do just this, as well as advice on student life.
It is the most authoritative guide to universities in the UK and is an essential and comprehensive tool for students and parents.
The online version of the guide allows students and parents to create their own individual university rankings and to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different institutions by sorting universities according to one of eight criteria - from student satisfaction to research quality and degree results.
Oxford remains at the top of The Times Good University Guide league table for the seventh consecutive year and has stretched its lead over its closest rival Cambridge. But Cambridge tops 37 of the guide's 61 subject tables. Cambridge has the better record on research, entry standards and graduate destinations. But Oxford's grip on the top spot is helped by higher spending on student facilities, staffing levels and a larger proportion of students awarded at least a 2:1 degree.
The biggest movers in the latest tables include York (up from 16 to 9), Leicester (from 21 to 14) and Lancaster (from 27 to 19). Also up are Gloucestershire (from 74 to 58) and Portsmouth (from 79 to 61). Going down are Aston (15 to 28) and Bolton (93 to 111). St Andrews (5) remains the top university in Scotland, Cardiff (29) is easily the leader in Wales.
Among the generation of new universities, Robert Gordon, in Aberdeen, is the best placed at 54. Oxford Brookes is the top new university in England, one place lower. Only Lampeter (70) and Salford (83) finish below any of the post-1992 universities, making the divide between the new and old universities more pronounced than at any time since the early years of the guide.
New names in the table are Buckinghamshire New University (108), plus West of Scotland (a merger between Paisley University and Bell College - 103) and Birmingham City University (previously the University of Central England - 71).
Swansea Metropolitan (the other new university created since last year), Liverpool Hope and London Metropolitan are not in the tables because they instructed the Higher Education Statistics Agency not to release their data.
The biggest development in the new guide is in the 61 subject tables, which for the first time incorporate results from the National Student Survey (NSS). Cambridge was the only English university not to reach the 50 per cent response rate required to publish a national survey score. Like the seven Scottish universities not covered by the survey, its score was generated from its performance on the other measures.
This year there is a change in the main table to entry standards, which are based just on A and AS levels or Highers and Advanced Highers. Previously entry stagdards included a wider range of qualifications, some vocational, included in the tariff laid down by the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. This change is for one year only. The other change is a new method of calculating student satisfaction scores, which shows the percentage satisfied with all aspects of their course in the national survey.
The table does not include some well-known names in higher education, either because they are specialist institutions (such as the Royal College of Art), they do not cater for full-time students (like the Open University and Birkbeck College) or they are overwhelmingly postgraduate (like Cranfield University and the London Business School). Buckingham, the only private university, is omitted because of a lack of data.
Choosing the right course and university is one thing, but an equally big challenge is navigating the maze of student finance. In England and Northern Ireland the maximum tuition fee for 2008-09 will rise in line with inflation to £3,145. Only two universities, Leeds Metropolitan (£2,000) and Greenwich (£2,835), charge less than the maximum.
In Scotland, the fee is £1,775 (£2,825 for medical students), but only students coming to study in Scotland from other UK countries pay it. Scottish students, whose home is in Scotland and who are studying at a Scottish university can apply to the Student Awards Agency for Scotland to have their fees paid. Scottish students no longer have to contribute to a graduate endowment to cover this cost.
In Wales universities can charge variable fees of up to £3,145. But students who normally live in Wales and choose to study there may be eligible for a tuition fee grant of up to £1,890.

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i wanna know about the ranking of oxford brookes university,university of sussex and cardiff university.also which are the best universities for studing international relations in uk.
anirban de, kolkata, india
Panic! I have offfers from Queen Mary and Manchester to study English and Drama. I was swayed towards Manchester as it has an older, more established reputation, but ,after looking at the league tables for Englis, think Queen Mary may be better. Anu ideas?
Siobhan, Tring, Engliand
How good is manchester univ for electrical and power system engineering
jenny, Chennai, India
In response to Mike Gow, Bristol - To apply to Oxford or Cambridge you have to go through UCAS, and you don't have to be put forward by a teacher - but you will need academic references - as you do for all universities.
Kristie, Foulsham, Norfolk
As in too many areas of modern life, the coinage has been debased. The era of mass mediocrity is upon us and our glorious leaders now revel in the promotion of all things grey. This is nowhere more the case than in the realm of higher education. It is now open to all and that is a contradiction.
Duncan, Waterloo, Belgium
To be honest, this university ranking is just a gimmicky thing that tries hard to attract attentions by manipulating the rankings (especially those within 5th - 25th range) every year, so that people would mistakenly believe that this ranking is actually 'useful'.
James, London,
There is one disadvantage in most prestigious universities: when people graduate them, they sometimes think that they are the best and know everything, and can not listen to collegues at work. Sometimes it is realy difficult to deal with such a person.
Elya, Usinsk, Russia
Also, I think the best university is the one that suits the individual student best in terms of teaching, forms of assessment and so on, not just what someone else says is best.
Does anyone else agree?
Clare, Cambridge,
To add to what Nasir said, I believe Oxford is the third most prestigious and best university in the world after Harvard and one other American university (i cannot remember which). If I am wrong in saying about Oxford being the third university, please correct me.
Clare, Cambridge, England
To me, ask yourself, are you consider yourself is a clever, creative, innovative and dynamic person after you r graduated or study from/in the "BEST" universities or "WORST" universities?If yes, why not try to think of a solution i.e. how to resuce economics crisis.
Walter, Penang, Malaysia
Dear all, why wanna bother about how years you need to study in Engineering field or etc either in UK or other foreign countries? Why not think of what kind of the contribution you have contributed to the world in Technologies, medical and etc?
Walter , Penang, Malaysia
The Guy who made comments (1st comment) about Oxford is wrong. I graduated from one of British Universities (Lampeter) before coming to Oxford for my MSc. This is the only University with almost perfect academic services delivery. You have every right to envy us, but we remain the best University.
Nasir Daniya, Oxford, United Kingdom
Oxford is a worthless, over-rated university, where people have seemingly adopted a care-free attitude toward their students. I know, I attended. I would not recommend Oxford to anyone.
Richard, Orlando, USA
Dear Ryan D'Souza....not nicely said...because from what I recall from my 5 years in a Scottish University...the ones that actually made the difference in Engineering degrees, were the Greeks (as far as maths and physics is concerned) and French in Digital and Communications....
Andy , Rome, Italy
Trinity college Dublin, as the name suggests is in fact in DUBLIN which is located in the republic of Ireland and not in fact in the UK at all.
Lesley Duggan, Dublin, Ireland
Michael McGrath: Dublin isn't in the UK
Will, London,
The best university in the U.K. is Trinity College Dublin !!!
Michael McGrath, Dublin, Ireland
Where to get the whole table of the best universities in UK? Or at least the top ten
Imantas, Klaipeda, Lithuania
I completely disagree with Ryan D'Souza's comments, but could other commentators please not generalise that all English have the same opinion. Its equally ignorant to assume so.
Shane, London, UK
Of course, the English can finish thier degree in 3 years. This is why they are all overall completely ignorant about everything else but their subject. Therefore are not aware that Europeans also take their degrees in 3 years, that is called BA and that the subsequent 2/3 years is specialization.
Helen, Cambridge, UK
I totally disagree with Ryan D'Souza's comment which is totally disrespectfull and epitomises the English's cocky and arrogant attitude towards others. I believe students from both Nationalities are equally capable, although there are, on a whole, better Universities in England.
Gwern Owain, Ruthin,
The fact of the matter is that English students on a whole are simply more intelligent, more capable and more advanced than their European counterparts. That is why our degrees are shorter. We English can learn in three years what takes you Germans four or five years.
Ryan D'Souza, Barnes, England
A three-year British degree has the added benefit of making you think quickly, packing more into less time. There is little time to sit about, and speaking from experience I think that students in the German system would exhibit a bit more dynamism if exposed to such time pressure.
Gareth, Durham, UK
I totally disagree with you Stefan! I study in Munich as well and the question isnt whether you spend a lifetime at the University or not, its more about the quality you receive while studying. I think the English have really tried to provide this quality even if there are exceptions.
Ibrahim, Munich, Germany
I completely agree with Tom from Auckland, the standards of the Engineering degrees in Britain are really poor since these are three years degrees whilst in the rest of Europe it takes five years to get an Engineering degree.
Stefan, Munich, Germany
It's incredible the substantial difference in earnings for those studying medicine in comparison to those with an arts degree!
Lucy, Kings Hill, England
This league table is full of half truths. Make your own mind up and remember England is one of the few countries in the world with 3 year University Engineering degrees, so most of these Unis look suspect when compared internationally. (except the Scottish ones that is).
Tom, Auckland, New Zealand
"It is outside the standard UCAS system." What is exactly sorry? In what way does that make them biased?
You have to provide evidence when you make statements such as "They also receive much more funding than any other uni." If you can provide concrete evidence for any of your statements, please..
Dan, Oxford, OXON
Whoever said that rubbish about Oxford and Cambridge is totally wrong. The selection criteria is very fair- tough yes, but that's because the courses ARE tough. It is not outside the UCAS system. They select what they think are the best candidates for the courses, it's the real world, suck it up
Jules, London,
What do these ratings actually mean? Edinburgh comes out pretty poorly yet it is classed as one of the top 30 universities worldwide, and one of the best in life/biomedical sciences.
Students shouldn't be fooled by ratings alone.
Adam, Glasgow,
I think Oxofrd and Cambridge should be excluded from these lists.
Their selection criteria is biased and students have to be put forward by their teachers in order to apply. It is outside the standard UCAS system.
They also receive much more funding than any other uni.
Mike Gow, Bristol, UK
In support of Chris at Oxford, I am in the unusual position of having done an undergraduate gistory degree at both Oxford and London universities. No offence to anyone at London, but I did more more work in one eight week term at Oxford than I did in an entire year at London.
William, London,
The Times idea of "best" colleges and universities really is blinkered. I work for a small HE institution: Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication, one of the top colleges in the country for Broadcast and Fashion. If you want to enter these industries you may want to come to us.
RC, London,
Chris from Oxford is obviously not studying market research!
roddy gordon, Dubai,
I have been at Oxford for a year, and comparative to my friends at other top 10 universities, we do significantly more work to a better standard. The best lecturers work intelligent students incredibily hard, and subsequently results are achieved.
Chris, Oxford,
As with everything the name is what determines wether an institution is given the higher rank. I went to a branch of the Met. and I enjoyed a very pleasant time at it, with no more than 10 students per class and a quality personlised teaching but i guess it will not compete with the likes of Oxford
john, london,
I have been to Westminster University, although it is not listed top in the league table I was very happy with the teaching and facilities. I felt the student support was there and l learnt so much.
Maureen, London, UK
Surely any opinions or ranks are subject to averages. Where one person may fail, another may flourish. It is difficult to believe or base my choices on such a list, as an A-level student.Some of the best uni's I have visited don't even rank in the list, but they look like great places to study.
Natalie, Huddersfield,