Mark Henderson
Win VIP tickets
The idea that vitamin C supplements can ward off colds is a myth, a major review of the evidence has concluded.
The analysis of data from 30 studies involving more than 11,000 people found no evidence that high doses of the vitamin have any effect against colds for the average person.
The research, conducted by Australian and Finnish scientists, found that extra vitamin C is beneficial only for people under extreme physical stress, such as marathon runners and soldiers, who are 50 per cent less likely to catch a cold if they take daily supplements. For people living ordinary lives, any benefits conferred by vitamin C are so small that they would not be worth the effort or expense, the researchers said.
Professor Harri Hemilä, of the University of Helsinki, who led the meta-analysis, said: “It doesn’t make sense to take vitamin C 365 days a year to lessen the chance of a cold.”
The analysis appears in the latest issue of The Cochrane Library, published by the research organisation, the Cochrane Collaboration, an international organisation that evaluates medical research.
Scientists pooled information from studies, spanning several decades, that looked at the effect of taking daily supplements of at least 200 milligrams of vitamin C.
The belief that vitamin C can prevent or treat the common cold was championed in the 1970s by the Nobel prize-winning chemist Linus Pauling, who encouraged people to take 1,000 milligrams of the vitamin daily.
This is more than 17 times the recommended daily amount of 60 milligrams, which can be obtained from a single glass of orange juice.
Win a luxury weekend to Newcastle and its neighbour Gateshead, find out more here
Risk, resilience and embracing new technology
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
Discover the power of collective thinking. Submit a solution and be in with a chance to win a Media Hub Home Entertainment System
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Make the most of the summer and enter our fabulous photographic competition, you could win a £5000 holiday
Corsica is an island of beauty and contrast, an ideal holiday destination
Enjoy further reading from Travel to Fashion, Business to Sport, discover more




Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
The clever way to lease a new car is with Car leasing made simple™
2009
per month on 36-month
Personal Contract Hire (PCH)
2008
42850
Car Insurance
£23,093 - £56,211
The Office for National Statistics
Newport, South Wales
£60,000
The Environment Agency
Bristol
Up to £90K
Boots
Midlands
OTE £85k
Credit Protection Association
Nationwide Opportunities
Completely London
Luxury Condo's in Manhattan with NYC views
The best new homes in Wimbledon?
Nationwide
Fabulous Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers Including Virgin Atlantic Flights Prices Start From Only £699pp!
Last Minute Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers. Med From £499pp, Caribbean From £699pp!
5 star quality at a 3 star price.
8 fabulous Canadian cities ...you won’t find cheaper
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths | Subscriptions | E-paper
News International associated websites: Globrix Property Search | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
Numerous trials have been carried out that provides inconclusive evidence that Vitamin C has any benefit to warding of colds or helping the immune system to fight cancer. However, most of the trials however have been flawed. Nobody has not taken into consideration the diet that those participating in the trials. I refer to foods that contain excessive amounts of sugar, including low fat foods.
Refined sugar and vitamin C have similar chemical structures, so what happens is that they compete for one another upon entering the cells. And the thing that mediates the entry of glucose into the cells is the same thing that mediates the entry of vitamin C into the cells. If there is more glucose around, there is going to be less vitamin C allowed into the cell. So with the western diet being what it is, sugar not only depresses the immune system as the body tries to get rid of it, but also prevents vitamin C from entering the cells. No wonder the results have been mixed.
Fred Harding, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire
Echinacea has not been proven to be effective in any studies. Actually, the results of the more well known and better produced studies show just the opposite. Naturopathy in general is bunk. Google Echinacea Efficacy and then think about this
Tom, mississauga,
It´s incredible to see how people are still so ignorant about the need of extra vitamins these days, even more incredible coming from a professor. Vitamin C is not only good to keep colds away, but it´s needed to keep healthy tissues, hair, teeth, skin, nails, etc. and has amazing antioxidant power to fight those free radicals that make us age.
The over exploited and depleted soils of today mean that the foods we eat have minimum amounts of vitamins and minerals. It doesn´t matter if you eat your 5 fruit and veg, you still don´t get enough, even less if you don´t eat properly.
The RDA today is ridiculous and it hasn´t been reviewed for too many years, it is only enough to keep you away from scurvy, but you will not be able to fight illness the way you could be with optimum nutrition. That´s why we ALL need nutritional supplements these days.
Cristina Sebastian, Mallorca, Spain
The herb that will keep colds away is echinacea; get it in tea bags in most supermarkets, Holland & Barrett. I have not had a cold for 4 years, I started taking echinacea 4 times a week, now I take it about twice a week. Green tea is also hugely beneficial. Also garlic - the active ingredient, alicin is preserved in tablet form; garlic in anti-bacterial, anti-viral. I did not say it will kill the aids virus, that is to be tested. The technique for extracting alicin was only perfected recently.
Phil Stilliard, TWICKENHAM, MIDDX
Foods that contain vitamin C are uniformly healthy foods for reasons beyond the vitamin content. In addition, vitamin C tablets are cheap, easily excreted if overdosed, and promote mild acidity of skin, mucous membranes, and urinary tract retarding the growth of bacteria and fungi. C taken with zinc supplements increase absorption of the zinc which has positive effect on the prostate and fighting infection.
Single, narrow focus on curing colds is interesting, but essentially meaningless for those practicing holistic health improvement.
Paul Charbonnet, Baton Rouge, la
There you go, Richard, an Indian who puts his lack of colds down to 5g of vitamin C per day. Could it be the same for the rest of them?
Rajeev, I remember reading quite recently (well, within the last 2 years) that taking too much of a vitamin can actually have a detrimental effect on health because the body doesn't actually need very large doses of them.
Selma, most cartons of orange juice (I'm not sure about longlife) claim that one glass will provide you with your daily vitamin C requirements. Usually it also tells you how large that one glass should be: normally 200ml or 250ml.
Please note that the article cites "physical stress" rather than just "stress" as you infer.
Also, I'm interested to know what makes Jewish chicken soup Jewish. Is it made by Jews? Do the chickens themselves follow the religious teachings of the Torah? Or both?
Alice, Sheffield,
And the rest gets excreted via urine. Charming isn't it... water soluble vitamins don't get stored in the body and we don't benefit hugely from eating tablets. Why not just have a healthy balanced diet?
Diana, London,
I've had fewer colds and less severe colds since taking at least a gram of vitamin C daily. I also take it during allergy season and it stops allergic reaction for at least two hours. Linus Pauling surmised that large apes (who also do not manufacture vitamin C internally) ate three grams of the vitamin daily, so that might be an evolutionary clue. Low doses such as 200 mg would be meaningless for many people. The 60 mg "recommended" dose simply prevents scurvy in most people. That dosage shouldn't be considered an "optimal" dosage.
Doug, Pleasant Valley, New York, US
Vitamin C taken in conjunction with zinc. regularly, can ward off colds and cold sores.
Orange juice does contain Vitamin C, but does the study mean freshly picked oranges with freshly squeezed juice or concentrated /carton/long life juice? How many ml constitutes a 'single glass'?
Does the study attempt to indentify the preventative or curative effects of Vitamin C?
It states that people under 'stress' (and cites athletes) may require a supplementary dose of Vitamin C, but many of us are stressed and stress is known to deplete vitamins and minerals, particularly water soluble ones.
Intensive farming and storage of fruit and veg also depletes the potential vitamin content .
A balanced diet is imperative, exercise, water and fresh air, no alcohol or smoking. And no stress (now where is my map of Utopia??)
Freshly grated root ginger, fresh lemon/lime juice, hot water and honey 'tea' helps.
I understand that Jewish chicken soup is v. good!
Selma, Bristol, UK
I find it's very useful in PREVENTING colds.
Jonathan Lowenstein, Tel-Aviv, Israel
From personal experience I believe curry from an Indian/ Pakistani restaurant is the best remedy and deterant.
When ever I feel a cold is coming on I then have a medium curry and the next day I feel great and the feeling has gone; ask yourself honestly when you last saw an Indian/ Pakistani with a cold? This isn't racism it's fact.
Richard, London, UK
At 200 mg level vitamin C cannot ward off a cold. But it can prevent colds at the dose Linus Pauling suggested. This study really does not refute what Pauling said because the dosage used is miniscule.
Pauling himself used to take over 10 grams (10,000 mg) a day. I have been regularly taking 5 grams a day in divided doses and find that it is very effective in preventing colds and most other infections as well.
Rajeev, Kanpur, India