Is there sickening, severe pain, swelling or restrained movement around an affected joint?

Yes: It is likely to be a dislocation, in which bones are partially or completely pulled out of position. It most commonly affects the jaw, shoulders or fingers and thumbs. It is sometimes hard to distinguish dislocations from fractures, and therefore they should be treated in the same way until medical attention is sought.

No: If a joint or injured part can take some weight or exert some movement, it is likely to be a strain (caused by overstretched muscles which can partially tear or damage tendons) or a sprain (damage to the ligaments at or near the joint).

What to do: Initially treat with the RICE method (rest, ice, compression and elevation of the injured part) which will relieve swelling. A bandage around the injured joint will provide compression. If the pain is severe, visit the hospital to check that it is not a fracture.

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