CHILDREN

General back pain: According to the charity Back-Care, half of all children suffer back problems at some time, and for two to three children in every class that pain is chronic or recurrent. For many, changing life-style can help – avoid heavy bags, slouching at desks and computers or in front of the TV, and increase physical activity. If the back pain is chronic and severe, consult a paediatric physiotherapist via your GP.

Scoliosis: Children can be born with this sideways curvature of the spine, although it can also occur during childhood and adolescence. The condition is usually obvious and pronounced, and causes a child to hunch. It can also cause immense pain. Consult your GP, who should refer your child to a specialist although, in many cases, no treatment is required. In severe cases, a brace may be needed and special exercises will be advocated.

ADULTS

Sciatica: Characterised by shooting pains down one leg, this condition is caused by a slipped disk that irritates the sciatic nerve. Consult your GP, who may advise taking painkillers and general movement to ease the condition. A physiotherapist may also be consulted if the problem persists.

Ankylosing spondylitis: Common among the 20-40 age group and usually resulting in gradual stiffening of the back over a number of months or years. Consult your GP, who may prescribe NSAIDs on diagnosis as well as referral to a physiotherapist for helpful exercises. Swimming is especially useful for this condition.

Osteoarthritis in the spine: A condition in which the joints between the vertebrae in the spine are damaged over time. It is more common among the overweight and those aged 50-plus. A doctor will refer you for a blood test and X-ray to confirm the condition and will recommend over-the-counter painkillers. Physiotherapy treatment might also be necessary to help to strengthen back-supporting muscles.

Neck pain: If your pain followed a sudden movement, it is likely that you have injured the ligaments or tendons in the neck. No treatment is usually required, although over-the-counter painkillers can help to stem pain. Call an ambulance if you have suffered a neck injury and develop pain or numbness in any limbs or a problem with bladder control. In severe cases the spinal cord may be damaged.

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