Atopic eczema: Symptoms include red, inflamed skin that has a tendency to blister and weep. It usually occurs in areas such as the inside of elbows, under arms, backs of knees and on the face and ankles. It often runs in families.

What to do: Consult a doctor who might prescribe a corticosteroid cream if the eczema is very persistent. Bathe in warm, rather than hot, water with an emollient and wear cotton next to the skin whenever possible. It can be helpful to identify triggers such as eggs or dairy foods and to see if eliminating them helps.

Allergic contact dermatitis: An allergic response to a particular substance or chemical that could be anything from washing-up liquid to nickel in jewellery or latex in clothing. It usually occurs (and recurs) in the same place.

What to do: If you can identify the trigger and avoid it, treatment will not be necessary. Your GP may refer you for skin-prick tests at your local hospital to determine the trigger.

Irritant hand eczema: A form of dermatitis that commonly affects those working in professions where hands are frequently exposed to chemicals.

What to do: Wear rubber gloves with a natural lining and use an emollient barrier cream throughout the day. Use nonperfumed soap.

Drug reaction: Some over-the-counter drugs and medications cause a rash in people who are allergic to them. Call your doctor before taking the next dose if this should happen.

Hives: If one or more raised, itchy blotches appears on the skin suddenly, it might be hives. It can affect children as well as adults.

What to do: There is no known cause. An over-the-counter antihistamine can relieve itching, but an ambulance should be called if the mouth or tongue appear to become swollen.

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