Mark Henderson, Science Editor
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People who drink up to almost 2½ bottles of wine a week have a lower risk of premature death than those who abstain from alcohol, research has suggested.
Moderate drinkers are less likely than either teetotallers or heavy drinkers to die of heart disease and other causes, and the protective effect is magnified if they also take plenty of exercise, scientists have found.
A weekly consumption of up to 14 drinks – classified as a glass of wine, a bottle of beer or a single measure of spirits – offers the greatest health benefits, a 20-year study of almost 12,000 Danish men and women has concluded.
The healthiest were those who were moderate drinkers and moderately or very physically active. Their risk of dying from heart disease was about half that of inactive nondrinkers.
Martin Grønbaek, of the University of Southern Denmark in Copenhagen, who led the research, said: “Our study shows that being both physically active and drinking a moderate amount of alcohol is important for lowering the risk of both fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and death from all causes. For both men and women, being physically active was associated with a significantly lower risk for both fatal IHD and all-cause mortality than being physically inactive, and drinking alcohol was associated with a lower risk of fatal IHD than abstaining.
“A weekly moderate alcohol intake reduced the risk of all-cause mortality among both men and women, whereas the risk among heavy drinkers was similar to nondrinkers.”
In the study, published in the European Heart Journal, a team led by Professor Grønbaek, Berit Heitmann and Jane Østergaard Pedersen, analysed data collected by the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a long-running research cohort assembled in the 1970s to investigate cardiovascular health.
In the mid1970s, almost 20,000 Danish men and women from the same area of Copenhagen were selected randomly from electoral rolls. About 70 per cent agreed to participate, and 11,914 adults eventually answered detailed questionnaires between 1981 and 1983 about many aspects of their behaviour that were considered possible influences on cardiovascular health, including exercise and drinking habits.
The goal was to follow up a large group of ordinary people over a long period to find out whether different behaviours among a people of broadly similar social background were associated with any health effects.
There have been 5,901 deaths, including 1,242 from ischaemic heart disease.
Ms Østergaard Pedersen said: “The lowest risk of death from all causes was observed among the physically active moderate drinkers and the highest risk among the physically inactive non and heavy drinkers.”
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I'll drink to that!
Ian, Sandhurst, UK
Having spent quite a lot of time in Denmark, I can say that they do seem inordinately fond of their drink. My host family drank amazing amounts of wine, far more than I've seen even in France. So did their friends. Also, there were drunks lurching terrifyingly around the small town from early morning until late at night.So I'm not surprised that it was a Danish university which wished to prove that wine is good for you - drinking is an integral part of their culture..
Alys, Colchester, UK
The confusion in the comments here largely stems from the definition of what an alcoholic unit is. The original study, the link for which is kindly provided by CC, speaks of moderate drinking as 1-14 "drinks" per week (15 however is heavy drinking). A drink is there spoken of as a glass of wine, without further definition, not a unit of alcohol.
In the UK, the definition of a unit of alcohol is very low. I believe it is a 12cl glass of 10 degree alcohol wine. It is quite difficult to find wine as low as 10 degrees of alcohol even here in France. So 6 to a bottle, and the article's 2.5 bottles a week is about right.
It is said, though I don't have a link, that the unit of alcohol in France and Italy is larger than in UK, reflecting the different mores of these countries.
I would say that the low definition of a unit of alcohol in the UK, though understandable in the puritan atmosphere of health studies, is counterproductive, in confusing people about how much they can really drink.
Alex, Paris, France
This is great news, perhaps if we drink 5 bottles a week our risk goes to a quarter and 10 bottles a week down to an eighth.
My money is on this research.
Nick Spanner, Neuchatel, Switzerland
Problems with this kind of research are:
Correlation is not causation. Moderate alcohol consumption and good health could both be promoted by third factors, such as general happiness, exercise, wealth, and being in control of one's life.
Some of the non-drinkers may have given up alcohol because they had heart problems or were overweight. In the same way, people who eat slimming foods tend to be overweight, but they are not overweight because they eat slimming foods.
The sample of people was ultimately self-selected and therefore NOT random.
The survey was based on what people said they did rather than objectively what they actually did.
Frank Upton, Solihull,
The active ingredient in wine is pleasure.
Pierre Bernardi, Paris, France
A couple of years ago while living in France I visited my doctor and was prescribed several medicines for a minor ailment. I asked him if I could drink with these. He asked me what I drank and I told him mainly red wine. His reply was ; "Oh, you must! You have to understand Monsieur, in France wine is not alcohol...!"
I don't see what business it is of anyone how much I drink, provided (and I agree this is important) it affects no-one else.
Peter, Birmingham, UK
Seems lack of exercise has a lot to do with it. The rest is a marketing plug from the wine industry. If it is so beneficial then the active ingredient should be found. You do not get banned from driving a car for lack of exercise. This article as most like it was probably composed after sampling too many of the wares, cheers!
Alan, Luton,
21/2 bottles each week. I get the impression that the writer must have shares in the wine industry. But I suppose if you think about it, it's not such a lot. It only means one glass per person each day, so drink up and live linger.
victor arram, westcliff on sea, essex
Benjemin India, There most definitely is such a thing as a moderate drinker ! just because you couldn't handle it don't judge others the same . Before & during my evening meal I have a medium glass of wine , this would be classed as two very small glasses. I never drink during the day or after dinner, because I don't want to, not because of any rule.
Wine is no different than any other addictive habit , if you have an addictive nature don't drink it.
I have done this for years , if I am out for dinner I do not like it when the host constantly 'tops up ' the glass it's an annoying habit & also not possible to keep track of quantity.
So many cynics commenting here I wonder if they are all recovering alcoholics ?
maggie Millington, Brittany, France.
just a lot of bull.there is no way alcohol can be good for health because there is no such thing as a moderate drinker. I being a non drinker since the past 15 years have practically seen the way drinkers go out of their way to explain how moderately they drink but in reality they do just the opposite.
wonder whether the abovementioned research has been funded by the wine industry!
benjamin alvares, mumbai, India
Danish people also (presumably) consume diets rich in fish (Omega 3's) and use wine more as a tonic against the chill...
Diet is key.
It reminds me of the study of Japanese people whose incidence of cancer was lower than that of Western societies (due to fish, soy and rice).
I'm sure that if Americans drank two and a half bottles of wine every week to wash down the McDonalds, we'd be keeling over from heart disease even more spectacularly than we are now.
Elan Durham, Santa Monica, US/CA
MichaelHV et al, the paper referenced is at
http://xrl.us/bd2wp (Link to item in eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org).
CC, Ireland,
What he really means is that the vineyard industry would be saved if everyone drank more.
tom, perth,
Is this another way of promoting alcohol.The good thing about this article is it just talks about heart.Well thought and decided not to discuss about liver. how can someone even think of recommending to drink??? disgusting...all our tax money spent on all stupid researches
John, glasgow, UK
Oh dear, someone's got my hopes up, only for them to be dashed when I read The Guardian's version of the story. That quotes moderate drinking as 14 UNITS of alcohol a week and notes that one 175ml glass of wine equates to 2.3 units. So, on that basis 14 units = 1.06l = 1.4 bottles of wine a week. Both stories can't be right!
Michael Hulme-Vickerstaff, Leeds,
In view of this perhaps wine - grapes - should be included as part of the Governments much lauded "five a day" programme.
Richard Garland , Greater Manchester,
I couldn't drink 2½ glasses a month let alone 2½ bottles a week.
Disgusting stuff!
Phill, The Wirral, England
It is a well known fact that when people are asked about their drinking habits they mostly estimate the quantity of drink consumed as fifty per cent of their real intake. This has been confirmed by an American study. So it seems you can drink twice as much as the above survey. Cheers!
George Sign, Nice, France