David Rose
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Doctors must display posters or give out information leaflets detailing any ethical objections they hold on abortion or other contentious medical issues under new guidelines published today by the medical regulator.
The General Medical Council’s recommendations state that all hospital doctors and GPs must set out explicitly any views that may colour their approach to legal treatments.
The guidance has been drawn up amid growing concerns about the possibility of a doctor’s personal beliefs conflicting with a treatment he or she is duty-bound to provide. This would include issues such as carrying out abortions in the later stages of the 24-week pregnancy limit permitted by law.
The document, Personal Beliefs and Medical Practice, states that doctors must be “open with patients – both in person and in printed materials such as practice leaflets – about any treatments they do not provide or arrange because of a conscientious objection but which are not otherwise prohibited”.
They must also set aside their own beliefs where a patient wishes it, or directly refer the patient to another doctor who does not hold the same objections.
While the guidance is set out as advice by the GMC, it stipulates: “Serious or persistent failure to follow this guidance will put your [medical] registration at risk.”
According to the GMC, referring patients for a termination is one of several moral dilemmas leading to growing concern from doctors about how they marry their personal beliefs with their professional practice. One recent survey of GPs, for the medical magazine Pulse, suggested that as many as one in four refuses to refer patients for terminations.
Doctors and patients are raising ethical concerns with the GMC at the rate of more than one a week, up 50 per cent on a year ago. Sensitive issues include abortion, cremations, nontherapeutic circumcision, contraception and the rights of Muslim doctors to wear the hijab (headscarf) or niqab (facial veil).
The Medical Defence Union said that it, too, was fielding a growing number of concerns. Recent examples have included a GP with moral objections to abortion and a hospital doctor who sought advice about a colleague thought to be trying to influence elderly patients with his religious beliefs.
Other provisions in the guidance include the right of Jehovah’s Witnesses to refuse blood transfusions. The GMC insists that no patient should be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, sexuality or social class.
Abortion, in particular, has been at the forefront of ethical concerns, particularly from Roman Catholic and Muslim doctors. Many doctors have also said they disagree with government plans to allow them to carry out medical abortions in their surgeries. The idea is being tested in NHS pilot schemes.
The guidance could also affect Roman Catholics who fail to offer scans for pregnant women because they involve a risk of miscarriage. Other possible objections from doctors could include referrals for gender reassignment surgery, offering fertility treatments to lesbian couples or unmarried mothers, or even cosmetic surgery procedures.
The GMC guidance warns doctors and medical students: “You have an overriding duty to provide care for patients who are in need of medical treatment, whatever the cause of that medical need. It is not acceptable to seek to opt out of treating a particular patient or group of patients because of your personal views about them.”
Catholic and Muslim doctors said they feared a “brutal” interpretation of the new advice that would not respect doctors’ rights to freedom of conscience or religion.
David Jones, a Roman Catholic professor of bioethics at St Mary’s University College, London, said that doctors with a strong objection to abortion may feel like “an accessory to murder” if they directly referred patients to other doctors for the procedure, as the GMC suggests. “How this guidance will be implememented is crucial,” he said.
Jafer Qureshi, a co-founder of the Islamic Medical Ethics Forum, which advises Muslim doctors on issues including medical euthanasia and organ transplantation, added that medical students had recently complained about a “climate of intolerance” to their beliefs.
The GMC consulted 2,000 people within medical and religious organisations for the recommendations, which expand and update existing guidelines on best practice.
Care vs conscientious objection
GMC guidelines on doctors’ beliefs include
— You must not allow any personal views about patients to prejudice your assessment of their clinical needs, [including] patient’s age, culture, disability, gender, lifestyle, marital status, race, religion, sexual orientation, or economic status
— You should not normally discuss your personal beliefs with patients unless those beliefs are directly relevant to their care
— Patients may ask you to perform, advise on, or refer them for a treatment...to which you have a conscientious objection. In such cases you must tell patients of their right to see another doctor
— You must be open with patients – both in person and in printed materials such as practice leaflets – about any treatments or procedures which you choose not to provide or arrange because of a conscientious objection, but which are not otherwise prohibited
— If your post involves arranging treatment or carrying out procedures to which you object, you should explain your concerns to your employer or contracting body
— It is not acceptable to seek to opt out of treating a patient or group of patients because of your personal beliefs or views about them
Source: General Medical Council
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I personaly do not agree with abortion but that is my own thought, but it clearly states in Tabers Medical Dictionary under the word treatment [ME. treten, to handle definition #1 states medical, surgical, dental, or psychiatric management of a patient. abortion is medical managment.
SarahMarie Smith, Pensacola, usa
I would also just like to say I do respect everyones veiws that were submitted and that is what they are ones views. I am a nursing student because i want to give the best possible care to people.. There are not enough people in the world that wish that. I am just blessed.
SarahMarie Smith, Pensacola, usa
First of all everyone has a point of their own, here is mine: the Tabers Medical Dictionary 20th edition clearly lists Treatment definition one's exact words are: [ME. treten, to handle] Medical, Surgical, Dental, or psychiatric management of a patient.
That even means abortion
SarahMarie Smith, Pensacola, usa
Wow Alice, that was such a brilliant comment. I agree with you. Thank you.
Ash, London, UK
Not all acts that are legal are necessarily ethical or moral. Western history is replete with laws that were eventually struck down as being unethical and therefore unlawful (slavery, segregation, to name a few). It will be a sad day for society when members of a profession are prohibited from freely exercising freedom of conscience. When freedom of conscience is abolished in a profession, then only those without conscience will join that profession. One can then imagine their collective response when future generations ask "Why did you do these things?" They'll answer âWe were only following ordersâ¦â
John, Omaha, USA
It may be unseemly to comment twice, but since Sean has addressed his remarks to me, I feel a response is called for.
If an elective abortion is, indeed, a medical treatment, it should be unproblematic to say just what is the medical pathology that is being treated. A biologically normal pregnancy, however, hardly qualifies as a medical pathology. And far from being a "semantic" problem, this is directly relevant to questions concerning the scope of physicians' professional obligations. So it's not merely my problem -- it's a problem for the entire medical profession.
Bob Koepp, Minneapolis, USA
Among the most signficant statements in the GMC Guidance are that, "You should not normally discuss your personal beliefs with patients unless those beliefs are directly relevant to the patientâs care. You must not impose your beliefs on patients... you must not put pressure on patients to discuss or justify their beliefs (or the absence of them)." The serious abuse by some doctors of the doctor-patient power relationship in order to proselytise and convert patients is something with thousands of people of different faiths profoundly reject. The GMC is to be strongly congratulated for defending the religious freedom and human rights of vulnerable patients against a minority of Evangelical and other doctors who have abused the power asymmetry between doctors and patients in this way.
Muhammad Yusuf, London,
Bob Koepp
You may object to abortion being presented as a medical treatment, but it most certainly is and should be - unless you would like to see more of those dangerous illegal backstreet operations. I think your problem is a semantic one - and merely YOUR PROBLEM.
Sean, Coventry, UK
What about doctors who allow their views on suicide, for example, to colour their treatment of mentally ill people? There are far too many reports of hospital staff seeming to disregard self-harm injuries, in particular, as being the patient's 'own fault', showing a brusque and reproachful attitude and not being quite as careful as they should in their treatment. Mental illness is a difficult thing for some people to understand but such prejudice at what is clearly a bad time (or the patient wouldn't be there in the first place) isn't helpful or appropriate, particularly from medical professionals who should know better.
Eleanor, Derbyshire,
I would also like to be sure that my GP is prepared to act on my living will, and will not try to keep me alive after I myself feel that the quality of my life has diminished to a level I find unacceptable.
E Thomson, London, England
Although I have long been a supporter of the right of women to control their own reproduction, and although I do not find abortion morally objectionable, I do object quite strenuously to the sleight of hand whereby abortion is presented as a "medical treatment." While there surely are medically indicated abortions that do qualify as therapeutic measures, it is misleading, at best, to use the language of 'treatment' when discussing so-called elective abortions (at worst, it is dishonest).
Bob Koepp, Minneapolis, USA / Minnesota
The guidelines as quoted seem reasonable enough, but it all depends on how they are interpreted. There needs to be adequate respect and protection of legitimate diversity of view among professionals just as much as respect for diversity among patients. If employers are allowed to ask about conscientious objection before making apointments then clearly there is a danger of direct discrimination. Doctors should inform patients of the right to see another doctor, but they should not be forced to arrange treatment that they do not think medically indicated.
David Jones, Twickenham, UK
NHS doctors - and doctors in general - should re-claim their original priciple: healing - or at least treating - the sick. All these other 'treatments' - abortion, contraception and the like - should be made available at market rates by those practioners who wish to earn their living that way. They should not be paid for by taxpayers. It is quite wrong to lump together those whose primary wish is to treat the sick with those who see themselves as social workers getting a girl out of trouble etc. What about the beliefs of patients? What about those patients who, irrespective of what their illness might be, do not wish to be treated by a doctor who recommends, approves or even performs abortions? Has the BMA looked at these patients' needs?
Alice J McCabe, Doncaster , UK
The Jehovah's Witness blood transfusion issue is still a hot item, even though the Watchtower has practically allowed all 'parts' of the blood individually, just not together!
Their entire doctrine is senseless and deadly.
The Bible says nothing about blood transfusions. They didn't exist when the Old Testament and Acts were written. The Bible passages in question (kosher law) have to do with diet. Neither the Jews nor other groups oppose blood transfusions because they don't try to put a spin on something that isn't there. If the Watchtower had not issued this prohibition, no Jehovah's Witness would oppose them on Biblical grounds.
Charles Watson, London, UK
Big surprise. The powers that be are concerned to make sure that Christians' views don't have any effect on their patients, yet appear to be unwilling to issue an edict that muslim women doctors must wash themselves properly before surgery... or else. Ah - what it must be to be sick in Britain. It is not acceptable to have a negative view about aborting unborn children on the basis on moral conviction, but it is fine to spread infection.
Nick, Rotherham, UK