Amanda Ursell
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I became a vegetarian at 13, for the simple reason that I don't like the
taste of meat. Then, in my early twenties, when I realised the impact that
raising animals for human consumption has on the planet, I became vegan. I
am now 34 and I would like to have a baby. My partner is a vegetarian, and I
had assumed that it would be fine to be pregnant and to raise the baby on
either of our diets. However, I recently heard about the case of a young
girl who developed a severe form of rickets because of a strict meat and
dairy-free diet. This has made me concerned - is it possible to raise a
healthy baby on a vegan diet? Should I consider temporarily becoming a
lacto-ovo vegetarian while pregnant?
Lorraine 34, Leeds
If you would prefer to continue to be vegan, you can do so in the knowledge that there are many examples of healthy “second generation” vegans in this country - in other words, people who are now adults whose mothers and fathers were vegan at their time of conception and who were subsequently raised as vegan infants and children.
However, be aware that, as with any diet, there are “good” and “bad” versions of veganism, and you have to be particularly careful about getting the balance right, for yourself and your offspring, when following this regimen. You need to be scrupulously careful to ensure, particularly, that you get enough vitamin D (needed for strong bones) and B12 (for a robust nervous system), as well as minerals such as selenium and iodine. This is a challenge to achieve when eschewing all animal products in your diet.
The Vegan Society has published a very good book entitled Feeding Your Vegan Child (£9.99), written by the dietitian Sandra Hood. In it, she reveals how parents, infants and children can thrive on a diet that avoids completely all animal products, including meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy foods, honey and by-products of animals such as gelatin. By using soya milk fortified with vitamin D, vitamin B12 and calcium, you can get enough of the bone-building nutrients you need to help your infant's skeleton to develop while you are pregnant and when breast-feeding.
One sound piece of advice is to invest in a specially formulated supplement for Vegans called Veg1 (90 tablets, £4.99), which contains the nutrients mentioned above, plus folic acid - women trying to conceive need to have 400 micrograms of this each day. Purists may resent the idea of taking a supplement, but in my view it is a sensible “insurance policy”.
It is worth remembering that there are plenty of unhealthy omnivorous diets, and that a lot of infants in this country are being raised on diets that are too high in salt, saturated fats and sugars, so if you take your responsibilities seriously to eat a well-balanced vegan diet, you need not feel that you are doing anything wrong.
Vegans appear to have lower rates of heart disease in later life, so de-stressing about the subject is important for improving your chances of conception and for having a happy, healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.
Diet advice
1. Make wholegrain cereals and potatoes the basis of every meal. Fortified breakfast cereals are useful for boosting nutrients. Wholegrain cereals provide iron for energy and zinc for strong immunity.
2. Have a “meat alternative” at every meal. Tofu, beans, lentils, chickpeas, nuts, seeds and peanut butter all give you protein instead of meat, fish, poultry and eggs.
3. Eat dairy alternatives at least twice a day. These include fortified soya milk, soya yoghurts and soya cheese, plus calcium-rich foods such as dried apricots, green leafy vegetables (except spinach), nuts and sesame seeds.
4. Fruit and vegetables. Have at least five a day, with lots of variety. Eat those rich in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits and peppers, at main meals to help the absorption of iron. Have vitamin D-fortified spreads, soya milk and cereals daily, and try to get into the sunlight, especially between March and September.
5. Have iodised salt or small amounts of seaweed each day.
6. Eat three or four brazil nuts a day for selenium, or make sure that your vegan supplement supplies it.
For more information and to buy Sandra Hood's book or the Veg1 supplement, contact www.vegansociety.com or call 0845 4588244.
If you have nutrition questions for Amanda, e-mail her at amandaursell@thetimes.co.uk
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I'm really glad that veganism and vegetarianism is really moving forward. When I first became veg in 1991,in WV,people were horrified! Now,with books,internet and celebrities speaking out,it's kind of a new fad,and a good one! It's true,we do only hear of the horror stories of people getting sick-
Meagan Palmer, Charlottenlund, Denmark
One not to forget: omega-3 fatty acids. It's difficult to get enough of these without fish, etc. in the diet, because the body has to convert the form found in nuts, seeds, etc. and the conversion is not always very efficient (sometimes as little as 10%). These are critical for brain development.
Jim, Santa Barbara, USA
Kate/Patricia: the posting limitations here forced me to break up my writing and the original meaning was distorted as a result. Yes, fortified cereal and leafy greens contain iron- but the phytic acid in soy products chelate (leach) iron. (Organic) animal products don't come with any such caveats.
Chris W., Toronto, Canada
Chris W of Toronto,
iron is not only found in animal products, the article advises that you make wholegrain cereals and potatoes a basis for every meal to provide iron, the dietary advice has not left out iron at all.
Lorna, Bedfordshire,
I know this is not really the place for this comment, but it always makes me laugh hwo so many vegetarians/vegans wear leether shoes and trainers. They find extremely unethical to eta animals, but have no problems WEARING them...
Yeni, Sydney,
Good Luck with your baby first and foremost!
And whoever was saying we aren't designed to eat meat should also note that we aren't designed to have alcohol or loads of sugar either, but we do.
It can all be balanced, but then so can a vegan diet - I just imagine vegans need more imagination!
Indigo, UK,
I see Chris W from Toronto has bought into the industry propaganda. In short,you don't know what you're talking about. 100s of 1000s of people now in their 30s have been raised from baby to adult on a vegan diet and have 'not' fallen prety to the industry hysteria you are copying and pasting here.
Andy, West Country, UK
Chris and Gill - I can understand your anger and ignorance, most of the western world is deluded into thinking that the only healthy living is one with meat. It is just not true, I have many friends from India and the US that raise healthy Vegan children to adult hood - no forcing either.
C Evans, Portland, OR, US
I just want to add that we are NOT designed to eat meat. When in our history have we had claws or teeth to rip flesh, our eye teeth are only equipped to crack nuts or similiar. When is the last time you physically chased down prey, killed it and ripped the flesh from its bones?
C Evans, Portland, OR, US
Patricia/Kate: the meaning of my post was distorted because I was forced to break it up to accommodate the site's limits. Yes, fortified grains and leafy greens contain iron. But all of those soy products chelate- or leach- iron from the body. (Organic) animal products don't come with such a caveat.
Chris W., Toronto, Canada
There are many benefits to a vegan diet, but somehow you always hear about just the "horror" stories. There is a good website called VeganWorld.com, where there are articles and discussions about parents successfully raising vegan children. Research for yourself. http://www.VeganWorld.com
Mike, Miami, US
Gill, as meat-eaters (me too) we're also imposing our own dietary habits on our children. A veggie child can decide to eat meat as an adult. Our bodies are built to reproduce/die at 40; we don't live remotely naturally, and most of us eat far more meat than is healthy in hunter-gatherer bodies.
Kate, London, UK
A good test to see if you are in fact a bonified meat eater is to look for some road kill and see if you find yourself getting hungry and wanting to eat it. Now try the same thing with an apple laying on the ground. You get my point now?
C Evans, Portland, OR, US
Finally, an article that looks at veganism rationally. It is all too common to read about the horrors of veganism and the 'terrible consequences' of raising children on a vegan diet.
Thankyou for this article, and good luck to Lorraine.
Alice, Birmingham, England
Gill: our bodies aren't suited or 'designed' to the high fat, salt and sugar diet most of us eat today. All parents 'force' their diet on their children whether that is vegan or meat eating- if the child doesn't suffer it isn't cruel. The mother has followed this diet for 20 years- hardly a fad.
Claire, London,
Chris in Toronto has some reading to do! There is iron in green leafy vegetables, especially the dark-green ones!!
Anaemia is no more common in vegans than it is in meat-eaters.
Patricia Tricker, Bedale, UK
Chris W - Where does the article recommend leaving out iron?
There are several references to iron-rich foods such as whole grains, leafy green veg, iron-fortified cereals and the recommendation to eat foods rich in vitamin C to aid iron absorption.
Kate Saltfleet, Cleethorpes, UK
ALL parents impose their beliefs on children. A well balanced vegan diet is suitable for all life stages, thanks for the balanced article.
Vicky, Midlands,
It's cruel to enforce these food fads on innocent babies. Our bodies are built to use animal protein, essential amino acids, especially during growth. Let the child decide when it grows up. Buy a rabbit or a cow. People who impose diets on their pets are also cruel - cats and dogs are carnivores.
Gill Sperrin, Dorking, Surrey
Additionally, soy products contain phytic acid, goitrogens, trypsin inhibitors, excitotoxins and isoflavones (genistein). These leach critical elements (ca-mag-zinc-cu-fe), interfere with metabolism (Iodine) & the uptake of protein, affect nerve cell death, and inhibit synthesis of steroid hormones.
Chris W., Toronto, Canada
Take vitamin B-12, but leave out the iron? The advice given here is irresponsible. This critical element is only found in animal products- something that vegetarians and vegans don't eat. Diets containing little or no iron WILL give rise to anemia and dramatically boost the risk of childhood stroke.
Chris W., Toronto, Canada
This child will not lack the nutrients found in dairy products if the mother breastfeeds several years. This is common in many countries, some of which have no dairy animals. Natural term BF results in naturally healthy mums and babies. Let's hope this mum can get early, good support to BF.
Alison Blenkinsop IBCLC, Aldershot, UK
Excellent article. Much better than the inflamatory & sensationalist "girl made ill by strict vegan diet" story of last week, that failed to offer any real nutritional information or advice. This article shows a good awareness of the health benefits of a vegan diet & i hope this baby is a happy one!
Ben Hillyer, Yorkshire,
For people wanting help, advice or guidance on going vegetarian or vegan, the Vegetarian & Vegan Foundation produce a range of easy-to-read guides full of practical tips and recipes as well as a series of useful fact sheets and fully referenced scientific reports.
J Butler, Bristol, UK