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An artificial heart that beats almost exactly like the real thing is to be implanted in patients within three years in a trial that may offer hope to heart disease sufferers unable to receive a transplant.
The device, which uses electronic sensors to regulate the heart rate and blood flow, was developed by Alain Carpentier, France's leading cardiac surgeon, and engineers from the group that makes Airbus aircraft. Presented yesterday, it was described by its inventors as the closest thing yet to the human heart. “If you show the graphs to a cardiac surgeon, he will say it's a human heart,” Professor Carpentier said. “But no, it’s not a human heart, it’s the prosthesis.”
He said that he had spent two decades on the project because “I found it intolerable to see young people - aged 40, 45 or 50 - dying of massive heart attacks without having a prosthesis available to replace their hearts”.
The French announcement is the latest in a race by doctors to produce a device that could be fitted into the 20,000 patients a year worldwide who are unable to receive a life-saving heart transplant because of a shortage of donors.
Two artificial hearts have been invented in the US, the Jarvik 7 and the AbioCor, but both have drawbacks, according to Professor Carpentier’s team: the first has wires that protrude through the skin, and the second can produce blood clots that can lead to strokes, they said.
Carmat, the company founded by Professor Carpentier and EADS, Europe’s aerospace and defence giant, says that it is close to overcoming these hurdles. Sensors in the artificial heart will automatically regulate the heart beat, detecting the body’s needs: increasing the rhythm when patients are walking, for instance, and slowing it when they are resting.
“If you get up in the middle of the night to go to the loo, you need the artificial heart to know immediately or you’ll collapse on the floor,” said Philippe Pouletty, an immunologist whose private equity firm, Truffle Capital, has invested €5 million (£4 million) in the project.
Professor Carpentier said that he had reduced the risk of clots by creating the heart with a “pseudo-skin” of biosynthetic, microporous materials. “This has been the essential problem until now,” he said.
Two options are under study for the power supply, which remains a significant hurdle. One involves implanting a titanium receiver in the skull that would channel energy sent through the skin - without piercing it - from a battery outside the body to the heart. The second would work by a similar method: getting electricity through the skin between two transformers, one inside and one outside the body. Carmat says the battery could last for between 5 and 16 hours, after which it would have to be recharged to prevent the artificial heart stopping.
The artificial heart has been tested successfully on calves and sheep, according to Professor Carpentier, and will be implanted in patients with terminal heart failure for a clinical trial in two or three years’ time. If that is successful - and if Carmat can find about €100 million in funding - the French artificial heart will be available as an alternative to transplant in 2013.
“These are tremendous advances,” said Leslie Hamilton, consultant cardiac surgeon at Freeman Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne. “Transplantation is limited to a fixed number of patients. But for artificial hearts, the sky’s the limit.” He added that the French device needed to undergo trials before it could be used in hospitals, which may take many years.
Smart heart
As the artificial heart’s motors compress the left chamber and open the right one, oxygen-rich blood from the left chamber is pumped out into the body and blood lacking in oxygen fills the right chamber.
The left chamber is then opened while the right chamber is compressed, pumping the deoxygenated blood from the right chamber back to the lungs and drawing a fresh supply of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left chamber.
Unlike previous artificial hearts, this one detects the body’s activity level (and therefore how much oxygen it requires) and changes its pace accordingly
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My father received the Jarvik 7 back in the 80's and I remember seeing how big this thing was. His transplant allowed him more time which let us grow up to hold our own memories of him, we were too young to be fatherless
Thank you and well done. May the good work continue!
Gail, Hucknall, Nottingham
i would like to know more information on the Smart heart.
Lester, Singapore,
i agree with mr dennis everyone needs t die its a natural part of life and heart problems and medical problems such as epidemics help to control the population so by stopping them we are altering the way of life. even though its sad we need people to die or other wise we will have a plague of people
Eloise, Melbourne, Australia
Fantastic news... Gives hope to many... I aplaud Dr Alain Carpentier..
Tony Jennings, Sunshine Coast, Australia
"Face the fact that we will die one day?" You must be really depressed.... Overpopulation means we should stop to reproduce!
Dennis, A'dam,
This is great news! I will need a transplant in 5 years because of a heart defect I was born with. This gives me hope.
Michael McDonald, Heber, USA
Why can't we all just face the fact that we will someday die and stop trying to stall the inevitable? We are living on a planet that is just about stretched to it's limit with overpopulation.
Eagle, Eburg, USA
.... would you have been happier if we turned them in to sandwitch meat ? Nice.
Judging by the many responses my comment generated I regret to say that just too many people seem to take animal's lives for granted - why not find alternative ways to test?
colleen, woodbridge, canada
As a transplant recipient myself 12/98 I think that is good news. Now, if they would just come up with a non invasive way to check for rejection other that the heart biopsy, that would be nice.
Bill, Boise, Idaho, USA
I heartily congratulate the french team and would the nuts who go on about the poor animals grow up and take off thier rose tinted glasses, If it was you or yours that needed a heart would you say think of the poor animals, No. Nature in tooth and claw is not pretty. So well done the French.
William, Cowdenbeath, Scotland
I really don't think this will fly it still relies on external power. You couldn't put on of these in mean with a gun.
kevin, Milwaukee, USA
A great advance. Now just solve the power problem. It certainly beats having myself cloned to establish a supply of spare parts. My wife never liked that idea.
Harold Mitnick, Palm Harbor, USA
thank god it was tested on animals so that a human life may have the chance to be extended
Pat, Cleveland,
i suspect that as newer models come online as is always the case, there won't be a need for live human heart transplants as there is now, and that it will be as commonplace as pacemakers and artifical limbs. sci-fi is now science fact, the bionic heart has offically arrived.
dustin, NC,
This is a true leap in medical science.
I for one welcome such inventions. Some people that have commented on here do need to think a little more about what they are saying.
I do not smoke I drink occasionally yet I have a genetic heart condition which could very well see me dead by the time I am 40
matt, wilta,
I feel sorry for the poor dinosaurs who died and became oil just so we can use it to make the plastic that was used to make this gadget.
Mike, Eaton Rapids, MI, USA
This is an amazing invention. If the tests prove it works, those involved in its development deserve the Nobel prize.
Zoe Robinson, Manchester, United Kingdom
This is a device that may save hundreds of thousands of human lives! I think the animals should be proud that they are helping save lives rather than just getting eaten.
Travis, Topeka, USA
I have heart failure. I am 46 years old and have always tried to eat right, exercise, and not smoke. This kind of news is so encouraging. I have two school-age daughters - I would be happy to recharge every 5 to 16 hours for the chance to be there for them.
Tonya Watson, Mechanicsville, VA, US
Amazing, although I hope that they will be able to develop batteries that last longer than 5-16 hours soon. Real sci-fi drama as JimBob mentioned; we'll probably see this as the underlying plot for a film in the future!
Still, great news for patients with heart disease though!
Felicia, London,
"I feel very sorry for the poor animals who suffered having this gadget tested on them."
Are you kidding me?! The people who's lives will hopefully be prolonged because of this breakthrough will be thankful that this artificial heart was tested on animals first.
Patrick, Atlanta, USA
Colleen of Woodbridge, Canada, would you feel sorry for those potential fathers and mothers and friends whose lives could be saved for the sake of some calves and sheep?
Christian, Dallas, Texas
"I feel very sorry for the poor animals who suffered having this gadget tested on them.
colleen, woodbridge, canada"
Colleen,
Do you realize that every medicine and device on the market has been tested on animals. And, I bet you that you have taken something that has been tested on a animal.
Bob, Los Angeles, USA
"I feel very sorry for the poor animals who suffered having this gadget tested on them. "
colleen, woodbridge, canada
.... would you have been happier if we turned them in to sandwitch meat ?
Robert, Baltimore, USA
Every so often, a piece of news like this surfaces and brings out the 14-year old in me that wants to travel 100, 150, 1000 years into the future.
Sigh.
Pete, Coventry,
Tom Hreben: I understand your frustration. Did you see the articles the times wrote a few months ago detailing how several diabetics were actually cured using their own stem cells? Run a search for it, it's amazing. Hope this helps.
Martin, St andrews, Scotland
I feel very sorry for the poor animals who suffered having this gadget tested on them.
colleen, woodbridge, canada
I'm a cardiac/transplant RN.
Actually, in concept this really isn't that different than what we have now. Current artificial hearts have the same limited battery life, but can be the size of a washing machine.
If this shrinks it down to make the patient more mobile and independent, excellent!
Ed, Phoenix, United States
Thanks to all the individual thinkers whose work made this possible. May my gratitude be the first of many rewards.
JoeL, Rochester,NY, USA
Not convinced I would want a piece of plastic inside my body, how reliable are they and what is the financial cost to manufacture one.
When will a scientist discover how to make us live forever.
Tuftmeister
Tufty, Swansea, Wonderful Wales
Is it 3G?
Steve, London, England
And when might I ask, is the artifical pancreas coming? Nice to know that vast amounts are spent on heart disease but comparatively little is spent on diabetes research. Just as dangerous both ailments but one gets more funding than the other, WHY???
A disgruntled diabetic.
Tom Hreben, Eastbourne, England
Better to stay healthy: moderate alchohol, no cigarettes, lots of vegetables, fish and brown bread, walking or cycling to work.
Plastic heart with batteries? No thanks.
Peter, Cambridge, UK
What happens if there is a blackout? does it run on AA batteries from Tesco's?
But seriously, good job the French!!
steve, London,
Mashallah, what a great step. Generation 1 may require daily charges, but wait for generation 2...
Farrukh, Woking,
As a heart recipient myself if it does away with the daily anti-immune pills we have to take then it is progress.
However what is to stop a rich person from buying this device and extending their life.........I mean theoretically this robotic
heart can beat forever?
Digby, Orlando, USA
Freaky? Perhaps-- but far better than dying for lack of an alternative.
I find it no different than needing a "recharge" of air every few seconds, or food and water 3 times a day.
Mike, Atlanta, GA
Better that than just die awaiting transplant.
BobJim, Arlington,
I will take the recharge anyday. Beats being dead
Chris, Newark,
Cool, I have a mechanical aortic valve and now I can upgrade.
Joe, Duluth, GA, USA
A constant dismay to me, to see people die and suffer over all these decades, after I designed a viable artificial heart back in 1974, and could not get anyone interested in developing the design.
Surgeons were convinced that pig hearts etc were the way to go. I still believe, my design was best
John Bayldon, Harrogate,
... yes, every day of your life or... no life! tough decision...
Delia, Paris,Fr.,
That would be freaky -- to have to get a recharge every 5 to 16 hours or die. Real science fiction drama, every day of your life.
JimBob, Los Angeles, CA, USA