Q: How common is Lyme disease? We’re planning a walking holiday, but a number of friends say it’s a growing problem.

A: Although traditionally associated with remote places, the ticks that carry the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease — borrelia burgdorferi — are common in many parts of the UK, particularly those favoured by deer. Recognised hotspots include Exmoor, the Lake District, the Scottish Highlands, North York Moors, Thetford Forest, the South Downs, the New Forest and Richmond and Bushey parks in West London.

Ticks are particularly active at this time of year. But don’t be too worried — there are fewer than 1,000 confirmed cases a year in the UK, most ticks don’t carry the infection and serious repercussions are unusual.

Caught early, Lyme disease is relatively easy to treat, but this becomes complicated in more established cases and the infection can sometimes lead to permanent nerve, heart and joint damage if not picked up promptly.

The ticks attach themselves to people walking through long grass or undergrowth and transfer the bacteria as they bite to feed. The first telltale sign of trouble is usually a spreading circular rash that typically comes on within three weeks of being bitten. Other symptoms include headache, aching joints and a flu-like illness.

If you get bitten, don’t panic. It’s thought that the tick has to be attached for at least 12 hours, and probably 48, to stand a good chance of passing on the infection. Remove the tick as soon as possible (using tweezers to grip the head rather than the body) and tell your GP if you develop the rash, or any of the other symptoms, within the next 30 days (the average incubation period is 7 to 10 days). The GP will be able to confirm the diagnosis from a blood test and treat you with antibiotics.

Some doctors prefer a one-off dose of an antibiotic called doxycycline to everyone bitten in an endemic area. Studies suggest that this is effective as long as the antibiotics are given within 72 hours of the bite. Walkers, cyclists and picnickers visiting at-risk areas should use insect-repellent, wear shoes, socks and long trousers, and check regularly for ticks. For more information, visit the Health Protection Agency website at www.hpa.org.uk.