Roger Dobson and Roger Waite
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IF a woman finds that the kind and considerate man she has lived with for years suddenly stops helping with the washing and bridles at taking out the rubbish, it is probably because the couple have got married.
Academics have found cohabiting couples are far more likely than those who are married to split housework evenly - but after the wedding they revert to stereotype, with the woman taking on the great majority of tasks.
The study argues that the effect holds true even in couples with a strongly egalitarian outlook before they are married, at which point women become less likely to fight for their rights.
“Marriage is generally accompanied by expectations of permanence that may not be the case in a cohabiting relationship,” says the research by American academics to be published in the Journal of Family Issues.
“Cohabitors, therefore, may be more prone to aggressive bargaining when it comes to exchanges of time and effort in the household, and less willing to do more than what they perceive as their fair share.”
The researchers, based at North Carolina State and George Mason universities, took data from more than 17,000 people in 28 countries.
Overall, men averaged 9.41 hours’ housework per week and women 21.13 hours. It found that the higher the marriage rate in each country, the higher the proportion of housework carried out by women.
British men come in 10th place, performing 35% of chores, well below the most egalitarian countries of Denmark, Finland and Norway. The Scandinavian countries, as well as splitting housework more evenly, also have the highest cohabitation rates.
Anna Addison, 30, who lives in Middlesbrough with her husband Paul, said: “When we first moved in, the novelty of living together meant we shared the housework.
“It was the same for the first year after we got married, but when I got a nine-to-five job everything was left to the weekends and I ended up doing it all myself.
“Paul definitely changed after marriage. I do rely on him for some technical things in the house but, for housework, it’s just me now.”
Frank Hanna, co-founder of the Mediation Agency and author of a book on conflict resolution, said: “With cohabitation, to put it bluntly, there’s no contract and the likelihood of a more peaceful relationship is higher than in a marriage. When marriage takes place, the race is over. Men see the requirement to behave as starting to diminish.”
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It's a well known fact that married men work longer hours than single men. In the eternal but facile debate about women earning less than men, the REAL facts are that single men and women earn the same salaries whereas married women earn less because of the time they spend in the home, and married men earn most because he needs the extra money to keep his family.
Married women cannot expect to earn the same salary as her husband if she works shorter hours than he does. This only happens to women tennis players at Wimbledon. Consequently, a married man has less time to spend in his home and cannot be expected to help much with housework.
An interesting point emerges in the article: housework is defined as cleaning, washing, ironing etc. What about servicing and cleaning the car, digging and planting the garden, harvesting the crops and the multitude of DIY jobs ever present in a house. Aren't these jobs "housework"? Who does those?
David Hughes, Newport, UK
The premise of this article is misguided, as are the conclusions quoted within in the text. In actual fact, the researchers did not track co-habiting couples to see if the divisions in housework changed over time. It is far more likely that of the couples surveyed, the cohabiting couples, who tend to be younger on average than married couples, are more aware of equality issues and therefore adapt a more equal approach to housework. It is not, therefore, as the article tries to suggest, that when couples marry the male counterpart does less housework. Instead, it is more likely that that older couples retain the habits which emerged from a more unequal society and younger couples are beginning to embrace notions of gender equality and adapt accordingly.
Shelagh Sutton, Cork, Ireland
I think it is ridiculous to make a comparison like this without considering the amount of work done outside of the home. Last time I checked, the average man has a considerably longer work week than the average woman. Which is why, on average, the average man might not do as much housework.
PS. calling this the "men's" section of the Life&Style section of this publication is more than just a little bogus. This "men's" section is *clearly* designed to appeal more to women than men.
Harold, Fort Collins, USA
It's all quite obvious. After you get married you have a new weapon in any argument, which is the costs of divorce. If you just live in the same place, it's no so hard to just pack your stuff and leave.
José Duarte, Santiago do Cacém, Portugal
Everyone should be capable of cleaning up after themselves - any man who doesn't clean up his own mess has clearly been brought up badly and will pass on such bad behaviour to his children. What gives these men the notion that they have a right to have their tables cleared, beds made and floors cleaned? Some women really need to find their backbone and stand up to this nonsense. I'm all for sharing of tasks according to ability, e.g. whoever is best at cooking prepares the meals, but cleaning is not a skill but something everyone should do for him- or herself.
MB, Edinburgh,
I do most of the housework, because I am mostly home with the kids. However, when my hubby is home, he is MORE than willing to help around the house. I choose to try to get as much as possible done during my kids' naps, that way hubby and I can have the evening together -- when I'm not working during the evening. We both think that this works wonderfully well.
Kimberley, Niceville, FL
Why is there a presumption that men and women should do an equal share of the housework? My partner is at home all day looking after our children, while I am out of the house for 12 hours each day earning a living. I have my job and in my view her job is to do the majority of housework. I do "help" her out, but that it was it is, helping her.
Division of housework should not be drawn on lines of sex, but when included with all labour, on lines of who has the most time left. Before I worked full time I did the majority of the housework, because I had time to, even though my partner didnt worj at all.
Damian, Guildford, Surrey
I'm not allowed to help out as it will not be to her 'high' standards and I'll only interrupt her routine.
One mystery is why everything has a place in a drawer or a cupboard (even the bath plug) except her beauty 'products' which take centre stage in the bathroom.
Martin, Almeria, Spain
And that is a big reason that you get men find they are getting less sex. If you can not do your part in the rest of the home, women are too tired or just too irritated by the idea that we can either live in filth or do it all. I have several married male friends who let us all know they "help" their wives around the house. That very statement is so annoying in implying it is her job and anything he does to "help" should be awarded a gold star.
Janna , scottsdale, arizona
I think I must be one of the very few lucky ones!! After twelve years of marriage my husband does nearly all of the ironing, most of the washing, always vacuum cleans, baths and showers are down to him as are the windows on all three floors. He does the dusting too, and hangs out the washing. In fact he does pretty much everything apart from the cooking!
sh, Hampshire, UK
Where's the big surprise in this change of behaviour? Exactly who is supposed to be surprised here?
Scott, Durham, NC, USA