MARK HENDERSON
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The notion that the MMR vaccine can trigger autism should have ceased to be news long before this week’s widely reported study that shows it to be unfounded. From a scientific point of view, the hypothesis has never had much going for it.
The Andrew Wakefield paper that started the scare, published in The Lancet in 1998, reported only the anecdotal suspicions of a few parents who thought their children’s autism started when they were given MMR. It had no controls, it presented no evidence, and it has been so thoroughly discredited that the journal’s editor admits he should not have run it.
Wakefield and two colleagues are now defending allegations of serious professional misconduct from the General Medical Council.
Several epidemiological studies, which have compared the prevalence of autism with MMR vaccination rates in Britain and abroad, have found no association. Autism specialists, virologists and paediatricians have long spoken with one voice: the triple jab is as safe as any other vaccine.
Though the basis for alarm was flimsy, public concern has remained strong. Confidence in the vaccine collapsed after Wakefield’s claims, causing immunisation rates to fall to just 60 per cent in some areas. Measles and mumps have accordingly made a comeback: there were about 1,000 cases of measles last year, compared with about 100 annually before 2002, and cases of mumps now run into thousands instead of hundreds. Only recently has the immunisation programme started to recover.
There are lessons to be learnt from the saga. Health officials could have presented complex information about risk more clearly, and Tony Blair fed suspicion by refusing to say whether his son, Leo, had been vaccinated.
Parents should understand that, while a decision to vaccinate may seem to have risks, these are far outweighed by the real risks of leaving children unprotected. And journalists must learn to beware of mavericks with scary theories but few facts. The way much of the media stirred up the MMR panic did more damage than anybody besides Wakefield himself. But it is time to draw a line under the affair. The evidence is unambiguous, and this week’s study is important as it provides the missing piece.
The strongest card of the vaccine’s opponents has been their claim to have identified measles virus in the guts of some autistic children. This, if true, would support their hypothesis – though they’ve been loath to publish data, preferring announcements to newspapers. Strong doubt has been cast on the methods by which the virus has been found, but without detailed independent investigation of autistic children, the issue remained unsettled.
The Wakefield camp has long called for such a study, and it has now been done. The new research compared the blood of children with autism with that of typically developing children and those with other learning difficulties. All had had MMR.
If measles virus from the jab was causing autism, the effects should have been visible in the autistic group, through the presence of either persistent measles infection or measles antibodies in the blood. Yet neither was found: the blood of the autistic children looked identical to that of both control groups. The very study that the MMR critics wanted has given the vaccine a clean bill of health. It has shot their last fox.
Several junk medicine columns have discussed MMR over the past few years. It would be nice to think this will be the last one. Every ounce of evidence that has been assembled on the issue, now covering every possible approach, has reached the same conclusion: the vaccine does not cause autism. It is surely time for those who have claimed otherwise to apologise to the thousands of parents whose children have missed out on important health protection as a result.
Mark Henderson is Science Editor of The Times
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Wakefield's results have been reproduced 7 times in independent studies that actually looked at gut biopsies. Who cares if it is not in the blood that is the whole reason Wakefield went for the gut in the first place. Lab specimens don't lie.
Monica, Sydney,
The recent study in question declining autism-MMR relationship is poor and full of flaws. Why studt children born between 1990 and 1991. Why not study toddlers for the last 5-6 years where there has been a boom in autism epidemic.
The manufacturing process and virus strains have changed since past 17 years.
This article come up at the same type as ELISTONE tv show.
A coincidence, I do not think so.
If there is really no real autism vaccin relationship, they should design study in serveral countries taking into account subtypes of autism puting emphasis on regressive types.
Followed by gut biopsies, titers evaluation, viral examinations for MMR and DTaP.
Then, the results should speak for themselves.
Till then keep ur kids away form vaccination if you do not want to meet Mr. AUTISM.
They will not succeed in failing us with these epidemiological studies.
payamn, Montreal, Canada
Autism is some destruction of the brain neurones so that normal functioning is lost.
It can be reversible.
Genetic illness is NOT reversible.
Just TEN years ago we had no clue to why this disability was striking the countries with the BEST health services in the world.
This FACT is undeniable and there are many "studies" to prove that the BEST medical attention in the world is not at FAULT.
The BEST brains are now at work to explain why it is NOT the fault of an expensive medical welfare system that has caused the problems.
As a chemist the one I like is the explanation that the world's most TOXIC non-radioactive element put in our vaccines is NOT at fault.
In the 1960's this element was a brain nerve destroying toxin.
Today the same element is a FOOD and BRAIN IQ ENHANCER.
Transmutating elements I thought was ALCHEMY?
I think 2008 medical science is moving backwards in a reverse genetic epidemic and we will all end up like monkeys or perhaps if it goes backawrds anymore as amoeba?
John Fryer, Paris, France
Well, what a surprise that known anti-vaccine activists like Jackie Fletcher and David Thrower disagree...
Testing for measles antibodies is a perfectly good approach to determining whether measles is present in the body. Measles in the gut should mean measles antibodies in the blood.
As it happens, the evidence for measles in the gut of autistic children is extremely shaky. Steven Bustin's testimony to the US Congress has blown the experiments that purport to have found it out of the water. See here for more.
http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/3562/
Graham Halford, London,
I sympathise with parents who wish for an explanation for their child's autism. MMR makes a convenient scapegoat. An important study took place in Denmark in direct response to Wakefield's hypothesis. A vast number of children were tracked from birth in 1997 and the (large) number who did not receive MMR had more or less identical levels of autism to the group whose children received MMR. The difference in incidence between the two groups was fractional. So you could reject MMR for your child (as did a friend of mine) and still end up with an autistic child. She came to see her child's autism as genetic in origin.
Dectora, London, UK
Since the MMR was introduced in 1988 thousands of parents have reported severe adverse reactions to this combination vaccine. Serious side effects include neurological damage, acquired autism and convulsions. The Chief Medical Officer had to concede in 1992 that the MMR pre-licence trials were inadequate because two of the three versions of MMR had to be withdrawn as they were found to be causing mumps meningitis. Neurological problems with the mumps element and also with the measles component were known by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) prior to the vaccine's introduction.
In 1997, (prior to Dr Wakefield's Lancet report) JABS representatives presented the Health Minister and her Department of Health (DoH) advisers with details of some 1200 children and asked for them to be clinically investigated to try and determine why these children's lives had changed or ended so dramatically within such a short time of the vaccine being given, regardless of the age of the child when the vaccine was administered. The parents reported that the children had been progressing well, many had had a known reaction to the vaccine within the incubation period and had subsequently been diagnosed with a long-term debilitating illness or had died without any other medical explanation from the treating consultants.
A clinical study was denied and the DoH's propaganda machine swung into action to criticise Dr Wakefield for raising a red flag over the issue.
This new study takes us no further forward in determining whether MMR vaccine is causing regressive autistic-like conditions or other serious neurological problems. It has not investigated children with both a regressive form of autism and a bowel condition nor any that have been known to have reacted to the MMR vaccine. The study looked at antibody levels but not gut biopsies or cerebral spinal fluid.
If one keeps looking in the wrong place one can keep saying there is no scientific evidence.
Jackie Fletcher, Warrington, UK
I read, and re-read, Mark Henderson's article. He states that the strongest claim of the critics of MMR is that they have found measles virus in the guts of regressive-autistic children, and that they have called for further studies of this phenomena. He then goes on to state (correctly) that the Baird study covered in the media last week looked at the blood (the peripheral blood cells) of a sample of children.
But the study did not, repeat not, look at the guts of these children. The study that parents such as myself have been calling for remains undone. The Baird study said on its first page that to take gut biopsies from the sample of children studied would be unethical - so they didn't do it. They looked, instead, at the blood cells.
To my knowledge, no one (amongst MMR's critics) has ever claimed to have found measles virus in the peripheral blood cells. So the Baird study did not address the Wakefield findings. And is thus wholly irrelevant to the MMR safety question.
David Thrower, Warrington, UK
This will be an issue until a cause and cure is found. You talk about a fantasy world of the junk columns. Your article will be just one in an ocean of those yet to come.
The study reqquested was an unbiased look at an unvaccinated population versus a vaccinated population. We have yet to have a credible study done that way.
Also we need to have someone look at genetic predisposition and the effects of the myriad of preservatives and other additives in the jabs.
All I know is my son spoke and the week he got his shots... His last words were:
"My name is Tanner My name is Tanner."
Ever since then I have been changing diapers, staying up nights, worrying about him escaping into the night, and dreaming of that voice I heard over five years ago.... Do I need scientists? Who exactly runs the junk columns? Have you experienced the role of caring for a low functioning autistic?
Find a cure... give us help... Give us hope!
Tim Welsh, Catlin , Illinois