Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter of The Times
Your last chance to get tickets to Top Gear Live
Biofuels will cause more harm than good to the environment unless strict controls are imposed on how they are grown, the Royal Society has cautioned.
While they have the potential to help reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are driving climate change, biofuels will devastate forests and other habitats unless controlled, scientists said.
The Royal Society report of a 14-month inquiry was published as the European Union announced that its targets for biofuels are to be re-examined because of fears of their impact on the environment. Stavros Dimas, its Environment Commissioner, said that the environmental consequences of boosting biofuel production and the effects on poor communities were bigger than originally thought.
The misgivings followed increasing anxiety about forests being cut down and savanna and other habitats being dug up to make room for biofuel crops. Communities living on the lands often had little say in the decisions and there is rising concern about the competition for agricultural land between biofuels and crops to feed the expanding world population.
Scientists questioned strongly the EU target of deriving 10 per cent of petrol and diesel needs from renewable sources by 2020 and said curbing carbon dioxide emissions would be achieved more easily by restoring and protecting forests. The quantity of carbon dioxide absorbed by forests over 30 years would be “considerably greater” than the emissions avoided by using biofuels, a study published last year in the journal Science concluded.
The Royal Society report, Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges, called on the Government to switch emphasis from the quantity of biofuels produced to the effect such a reduction had on cutting greenhouse gas emissions. John Pickett, of Rothamsted Research, who chaired the inquiry, said too little was known about the benefits and costs of each biofuel crop.
The Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation (RTFO), being introduced in April, requires suppliers to ensure that 5 per cent of all fuel sold in Britain comes from renewable sources. The Royal Society report demanded that it take account of how effective the fuel was at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Professor Pickett said that it was essential for the entire supply chain to be included in such an assessment for each type of biofuel, taking into account everything from the fertilisers used to grow them to the fossil fuel they replace in vehicles. “Unless certification is applied to the production of all biofuels and is a system used by all countries we will merely displace rather than remedy the potentially negative effects of these fuels,” he said.
He cited US maize grown to produce ethanol as being of questionable value because it struggles to achieve a 10 per cent greenhouse gas cut, whereas some ethanol crops in Brazil can achieve 80 per cent reductions.
The report recognised biofuels as having a potentially important role to play in tackling climate change because 20 per cent of manmade carbon dioxide emissions are caused by transport, a figure that rises to 25 per cent in Britain. Without cuts in transport emissions, the report said, the UK would be unable to meet its target of a 60 per cent cut in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050.
Professor Pickett said: “In designing policies and incentives to encourage investment in and the use of biofuels it is important to remember that one biofuel is not the same as another.
“The greenhouse gas savings of each depends on how crops are grown and converted and how the fuel is used. So indiscriminately increasing the amount of biofuels we are using may not automatically lead to the best reductions in emissions.”
Graham Wynne, of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, said: “Today's report by the Royal Society makes it clear that these targets could fuel climate change, destroy forests and threaten livelihoods in developing countries. Our Government must take a lead in stopping this madness.”
The Department for Transport said that the impact of each biofuel on tackling climate change was to be taken into account within two years. “The Government is determined to support sustainable biofuels and we aim to move towards mandatory standards for greenhouse gas savings by 2010, with targets for wider sustainability by 2011,” it said.
Explore your passion for food with the delights of Thai, Indian & Chinese cooking
In our new series, Tony Hawks takes a dry, wry look at modern life - junk mail, interminable meetings and snooty sales assistants
Read the training tips and advice that helped our London Triathletes
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
The latest travel news plus the best hotels and gadgets for business travellers
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
2007
£30,000
2006
£14,337
2008
£39,937
Great car insurance deals online
c.£75,000
GlosFirstmeansbusiness
Gloucestershire
£32,795 - £41,545
Universitry of Southampton
Southampton
£
£32,795 - £41,545
Universitry of Southampton
Southampton
Competitive Package
Npower
West Midlands
1 & 2 Bed apartments
From £249,995
Great Investment, River Views
Great Dubai Investment Opportunities
from £89,950
low-cost ownership homes in London
Las Vegas SALE!
£POA
With Ramblers Worldwide Holidays!
£POA
List your property with two leading travel websites
£POA
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times. Globrix Property Search - search houses for sale and rooms and property to rent in the UK. Milkround Job Search - for graduate careers in the UK. Visit our classified services and find jobs, used cars, property or holidays. Use our dating service, read our births, marriages and deaths announcements, or place your advertisement.
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
Currently, there is still no economically feasible alternative to powering the transport market which even comes close to Biofuels.
So if Biofuels are unsustainable you say... then make them sustainable. The only reason why they would not be is because in order to reduce costs of biofuels production we're cutting corners in the manufacturing process.
The problem is that its not Biofuels which cause more harm than good, but the way we grow, harvest and process them. Glancing at the report and subsequently the comments made from this article it looks like 1st generation Biofuels are solely considered. What about 2nd generation where the yield per ha is up to 4 times higher... What is stopping that....? OH YEAH ECONOMICS!
The media saying these sweeping statements is like one blind man leading another blind man! We read this (probably just the first paragraph as that's the most sweeping) and then believe what we want to believe.
Will, Bath, UK
You headline "Biofuels 'do more harm than good to environment' says Royal Society" is not an accurate representation of either the Royal Society report or of Lewis Smith's article.
This issue is littered with misleading "headlines" left lying around by the "biofuels as a silver bullet" protagonists (though I have met few of those) and by those who assume that because some biofuels, and some methods of growing them, can cause real damage to biodiversity we should abandon the whole quest.
The NFU is right to point out "Transport is responsible for a massive 25 per cent of the UK's greenhouse gas emissions, and biofuels are at present the only game in town as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for cars, lorries, and domestic air travel." The report recognises that the technology does have huge potential which will only be realised if we commit to it now and then focus our efforts on maximising its climate change benefits.
Eurinco, Cambridge, UK
Well spotted Bob, I'm off to Iceland before the rush starts!!
Harry Kennard, Peasmarsh RYE, UK East Sussex
At last a credible voice is questioning the madness of biofuels. The Royal Society is right to point out that not all biofuels are the same, and that the way they are produced must be considered carefully.
But a huge misconception still goes unchallenged. How can Brazilian ethanol be achieving an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions? The stuff is being burnt in cars, just as petrol is, with roughly a similar output of CO2. The argument that the ethanol is better in emissions terms rests on a false premise: that these emissions somehow don't count, because the carbon was previously extracted from the air as the plants grew. But plants were growing on that very same land and extracting carbon before biofuel production began. The conversion of sugar cane from sugar production to biofuel has not increased the overall carbon-extractive vegetation of the world. The 80% reduction would only be true if the Brazilians were ploughing up car parks and growing the sugar cane there.
Jon, London, UK
Jeremy Clarkson will love this.
Klaatu, New York, USA
This finding is hardly the explosion of a "green eco wacko myth" as asserted by the Texas commentator. To the contrary, environmental organizations have been warning for many years now that reliance on ethanol will do more harm than good.
John Callahan, St. Paul Mn USA,
Well - even the Egyptian did not build a perfect pyramid on their first attempt. Biofuel is a new area of focus and we do not have much research and information so reports like these helps us examine our alternative fuel sources.
In the USA, all we have are promises for the last 8 years about alternative fuel research and development but so far, far less has been done on that issue, which has set us back another decade.
Let not waste time and work on a solution together. We need as many alternative fuel sources as possible but sources that have far less impact on our environment than the greenhouse gases do today.
We all want our children and their children to live in a better world than we do. Or do we only care about our children living a richer lives than we do?
Naleen, Northern California,
Fat chance for nuclear. The Greens and the left are wedded to their bigotry. It's something to do with stupidity and class war I guess. You have to be dumb not to see the rotten effects of bio-fuels. Destruction and waste on a continent wide level especially in the east. Not one single politician in the West has said anything about planting trees. Our local authority and my next door neighbour have just cut down trees and hedges. So individuals and bureaucracy are equally to blame. Imagine a man with 2 children chops down a hedge because he wants a view! Stupid is the word.
E. Purgold, cambridge, UK
I just love it when another ' green eco wacko ' myth is exploded. I doubt if this will change anything as 'green ' is the new PC Religion. Here, one of the costs of ethanol is the rising cost of food. We are putting corn in our cars, and not our bellies. It is also subsidised to the tune of $1.90, thank you lobbyists. In addition ethanol has to be trucked, as it corrodes pipelines. More greenhouse gases, more accidents, more costs. God help everyone from the Peoples Republic of Brussels and their ' visions '.
Desmond Taylor, Houston, USA Tx
This is rather interesting
Harry Schumba, London, UK
Bio-fuels can only be a stop-gap solution anyway as the world has to be fed. With sub-Saharan Africa having to import basic foodstuffs and the cost of maize in South Africa having risen 25% in recent months with more to come, one reason being the USA's move to use crops for biofuel, so any long-term solution has to be only HYDROGEN which has the benefits of no importation of millions of of tonnes (or barrels) of base products, which in itself is also polluting, and the only way to achieve this is to finally admit that we have to have nuclear power stations and very soon. You can even make it in your garage.
Cut out the emotion and read the facts. This form of generation is now as safe as anything else in the world (remember Houston - BP and Buncefield as two examples) and the waste is manageable which cannot be said for CO2 or any other known energy source at this time.
The benefits are endless and far outweigh the Green's cries.
So why are we wasting time pussyfooting around?
B J Deller, Marbella, Spain
Geothermal energy anyone?
Bob, london,