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THE backlash against the blight of Heathrow has resurrected demands to switch the capital’s principal airport to the Thames estuary.
Boris Johnson, the Tories’ London mayoral candidate, announced this weekend that Heathrow was a “planning error” and ministers should consider phasing it out, instead of pressing ahead with a third runway - and a possible sixth terminal.
His intervention comes as campaigners claiming to represent 2m people under the flightpath seek to block the expansion plans. They plan a legal challenge on the grounds that the consultation, which closes at the end of this month, is not valid.
Lawyers are examining evidence that the Department for Transport failed to include research predicting a third runway would cause excessive nitrogen dioxide emissions.
Johnson is calling on the government to reexamine plans for a new airport on artificial islands in the Thames estuary, where planes could take off and land round the clock without disrupting residents. “If you look at what is going on in other countries around the world, in Hong Kong, in Washington - it’s not impossible to move the capital’s biggest airport,” he said.
“What we don’t want to do is entrench a planning error of the 1960s by further expansion at Heathrow. We should look at whether there’s a solution to the east, in the Thames estuary.”
Heathrow began life as a fighter airfield in 1943, on the west side of London to shelter it from Luftwaffe attacks. Since then it has grown into Britain’s biggest airport, but because it is only 15 miles from the centre of London, most of the 477,000 flights a year fly in over the capital to land. Campaigners are concerned that the addition of a third runway, which would see the number of flights rise to up to 702,000 a year, will increase noise pollution and the risk of an accident over the capital.
Edward Lister, of the 2M Group that represents 12 local authorities under the Heathrow flightpath, said: “It’s a daft place for an airport. The more flights there are, the more the risk of an accident in the most densely populated part of the country.”
Since the 1960s, 13 major cities including Paris, Milan and New York have moved their airports further out. In Hong Kong, the government spent six years and $20 billion building an airport on an artificial island and linking it by bullet train to the city.
In Britain, however, similar proposals have repeatedly been blocked. In the 1970s a scheme to build an airport on Maplin Sands near Southend-on-Sea in Essex was abandoned because of a shortage of public funds.
In 2005 the government rejected four options to build airports in the estuary on the grounds of cost, environmental damage and the risk of a plane being downed by a birdstrike. It approved the expansion of Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted instead after lobbying by BAA, the airport operator, and airlines.
Officials estimate that building a third runway at Heathrow will cost £13 billion as the government attempts to meet European Union targets on noise and emissions. Proposals for new airports either floating in the Thames estuary or on the coastline were costed at £7.6-£13.9 billion.
Sir Peter Hall, president of the Town and Country Planning Association, believes it is time to “retire” Heathrow and build a new airport to the east of the capital. “If you located an aircraft properly in the Thames estuary virtually all the flight movements would be over the North Sea. There would be no constraints on development at all,” he said.
Among the schemes rejected in 2005 was Thames Reach, an airport devised by a London firm of architects. According to the plans, it would have been built on reclaimed land in the Thames estuary near Cliffe in Kent and Canvey Island in Essex, at a total cost of £11 billion.
Mark Willingale, partner of Bluebase, the architectural practice behind the plans, said: “It’s a terrific opportunity. You’ve got a combination of 116,000 new homes in the Thames Gateway with new roads and rails to serve them, the location is ideal for an airport. We just wish the government had the vision to see it .”
The transport department said it has no plans to reconsider its veto on the estuary. Lord Soley, director of Future Heathrow, a pro-expansion group, said: “If you build a new hub airport you don’t need Heathrow so what do you do, close it down? We’re talking 72,000 jobs on the airport alone. It is unrealistic.”

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apart from the people living in that area!
Daniel, grays, uk
How about living upto the governments stated environmental commitments and having NO airport expansion, either at Heathrow or elsewhere. Of course when OIL reaches $200 a barrel the question will be accademic
Steve, Birchington, Kent
I am a pilot at LHR (Heathrow) and operate for a UK airline to mainland europe daily. Brussells, Paris, Schipol and smaller European Airports put Heathrow to shame.
Not only are the passenger facilities lacking in all areas, the taxi ways and ground facilities are shockingly dated and this disrupts aircraft movements, and therefore passenger's travel plans. The overall experience and service that Heathrow offers is not acceptable in todays age and is an embarrasment. This i sometimes the first impression a person gets of the UK!
Another runway is needed, however not in heathrow. It suffers from poor transport links and needs major investment. I feel this money is better spent on a new state of the art airport in the Estuary, as proposed by Boris Johnson. It is not appropriate to route 100,000's of flights over London - it is only a matter of time/odds until a plane crashes as per the Boeing 777.
Approaches over the water are far safer and prudent.
j pollard, marlow, UK
If London is under water in 20 years time then it won't need any runways, whether at Heathrow, the Thames Estuary or elsewhere.
Meanwhile, the Estuary option seems to be cheaper and less nuisance to neighbours.
Paul, London, UK
One problem:
Won't the new airport be under the sea in 20 years (climate change etc.)?
Didn't think it through, did we?
Will, Worcestershire, UK
Bring this failed government down and other schemes will have a chance, with Labour in government the third runway at Heathrow will go ahead. Labour are control freaks and will never back down on anything as we have seen so often.
D Case, Newquay,
Remember that Heathrow Airport is now in private ownership. If economics should dictate that its site be redeveloped into housing or anything else then presumably the proceeds of this redevelopment would go to its Spanish owners, who are the new shareholders of BAA. Whether they will then spend these proceeds on a new airport for London will depend on whether they want to and are allowed to.
Paul, London, UK
Eventually common sense will prevail but only once a lot more money has been spent on the white elephant that is Heathrow. Witihn the Department of Transport, the divine received wisdom is that London's main airport must be at Heathrow because that was the ancient order of things handed down from Abraham unto Moses. To question a decision to locate London's airport made in the deep mists of time is to those in Whitehall simply unthinkable. However, the good news is that common sense did eventually prevail with Eurostar. After buidling the expensive white elephant that was Waterloo International because traditionally the boat trains from decades before came into south London, finally common sense prevailed as it should have done in the early 90s and we got the new St Pancras terminal. We need transport planners who can think well outside the box.
Mark, Sevenoaks, Kent
A great idea. We are too small an island not to reclaim land for a new major airport. It would help solve so many problems.
Anthony, London,
Heathrow is a monument to compromise. By repeatedly stifling expansion plans, London now has 3 major airports instead of 1, and they're all pretty poor by international standards, with Heathrow amongst the worst. The world will be arriving for the Olympics in 2012, and they'll be better served by arriving in Paris and getting on a train... What a fiasco.
John Beecroft, Camarillo, CA, USA
Very popular idea in south west and west London, where we are deafened.
Richard Tracey, Wandsworth, London,
Heathrow is totally run down, but bit of development work should spruce it up..
I think jus saying 'relocate' an airport is simplifying things a bit. Heathrow is MASSIVE. there are hundreds of supports companies, warehouses, logistics etcetra
I do think we should build another clean fresh airport with multiple runways that has the potential to become the super airport.. and let this airport have much cheaper and more available landing slots etcera to attract airlines.
But not close heathrow down. heathrow will probably experiance a decline in flights.. or at least the new airport could pick up the slack.
I suppose there is always the issue of it becoming a pointless like gatwick. Ca'nt gatwick build another runway? or same issues as heathrow
Of course the established airlines would say no to a new aiport- they own expensive landing slots whose worth would be devalued.
chetas, croydon, surrey
hong kong spent 20billion on an entire airport?...and 11billion to build the Thames Reach project ....and "officials" claim it will cost 13billion on a runway????? is someone "offcial" taking the piss here ??
that aside , heathrow is a dead duck.. the cost of building in essex would be underwritten by the profits earnd by the re-development of the old and prime located sight. Money-wise there is not coherent argument against re-location.. one accident, one act of terrorism and we face a catastrpohe in our capital - if we can avoid that at minimal cost then for that reason alone we should argue that London deserves safer airspace.
zugerman, zurich, switzerland
Rather to my surprise, I'm gradually coming round to the idea of Boris for Mayor.
Barry, Wallington, UK
As a resident of Gravesend I strongly support the building of an airport at Cliffe. Heathrow is a nightmare with flight paths that are a potential threat to thousands of households. Cliffe is a wasteland (purported to be a very important birdstopping place during migration - but they would find somewhere
else!) and an environmentally suitable situation ifor transport accessibility - it could be fed from north of the river (avoiding congestion in Kent) as well as the south, with easy access to the high speed rail link to the continent without the problem of flightpath nuisance. It is an obvious solution that would surely compansate for the job losses at Heathrow and its creation would encourage the development of a presently poor area.
Colin Bedwell, Gravesend,
There already is a huge runway in north east kent. Its at an airfield called Manston.If you google Manston you can view the arrival and departure route currently used which is almost entirely over the sea. The north kent rail line is close and a major upgrade to allow initially say 6 high speed trains an hour into London would make it a similar proposition as the rail link from Gatwick or the underground to Heathrow.
So you could achieve the capacity of a third runway at Heathrow by upgrading the rail link and building a terminal.
Nigel Cottrell, Crowborough, East Sussex
I'm with Boris. Heathrow is the most unpleasant airport I have ever used. It is a sprawling monstrosity, inefficient and outdated. Gatwick is not much better, and is poorly located and connected for the majority of the population The time has come for a new "super" airport with capacity for efficient operation and not requiring travellers to face cramped conditions and extended hikes to get to and from flights - with 21st Century road and rail links to the main population centres of the country - not just London.
I'm sure that the current Heathrow site could provide much-needed "brownfield" development sites for homes - much to the relief of those of us having commuters inflicted upon us to relieve the housing shortage in London - much to the detriment of our local economies, creaking infrastructures and the environment.
Mark, KETTERING, England
I think it is time to replace Heathrow because it so obsolete and at operational capacity. Given that the U.S.-EU Open Skies Aviation Agreement goes into effect next month, Britain's busiest airport is not prepared to handle all the new transatlantic flights that U.S., British and European airlines want to fly now and 8 years into the future. London needs to build a new mega airport that has at least 6-7 runways with 24-hour flight operations and that any airline from around the world that wants to fly to Britain's national capital would be able to do so without going through the long hard hassle of securing runway slots and terminal space which now happens at old Heathrow. Other world cities such as Hong Kong and Seoul have built large new airports when their older airports became outdated and London risks being left behind unless it follows suit. Building a third runway at Heathrow will not solve the congestion problem and is nothing more than a Band-Aid solution.
Erik K. Weseman, Middlebury, USA, VT