Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter
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Eleven zones around Britain's coastline were named yesterday as the best places to build the next generation of offshore wind farms.
The zones identified by the Crown Estate are expected to play a key role in enabling Britain to meet its 2020 renewables targets.
The CBI has calculated that energy companies must invest £60 billion over the next 12 years to build enough offshore wind farms to boost generating capacity by 25 gigawatts. Less than half a gigawatt capacity is already in place and only 8gw is operational or in the planning and construction stage.
Britain has been set a target of providing 15 per cent of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2020 and ministers regard wind as one of the key areas for development. At present only 3 per cent of energy is generated from renewable sources. To meet the target at least 30 per cent of the nation's electricity, and perhaps more than 40 per cent, will need to be generated from wind farms and other renewable installations.
Environmental groups were delighted by the Government's commitment to increasing renewable energy radically. Some continue to harbour doubts, however, especially about the impact on wildlife. The Ministry of Defence is likely to have more concerns because of the effect that wind turbines have on radar capabilities. The Crown Estate and leading members of the wind-power industry said that they recognised the defence concerns and promised to do all they could to solve the problem.
Rob Hastings, of the Crown Estate, announced the 11 likely locations for new offshore wind farms at the British Wind Energy Association conference in London yesterday. He said that construction would have to start at least by the end of 2014 if they were to be generating enough electricity by 2020. Consent for the installations will need to be completed by the end of 2013 and he announced that for the first time the Crown Estate would meet up to half of the pre-construction development costs.
Work would begin immediately, he said, to begin the process of deciding which companies should lead the development of the 11 zones. The scale of the operation has been judged to be so big and expensive that each zone is likely to be awarded to a consortium rather than an individual company. Contracts are expected to be awarded by early summer next year.
Mr Hastings told the conference that the challenge of meeting the renewable target and Britain's demand for electricity was huge. “The challenge is to get an additional 25 gigawatts installed and operating in UK waters by 2020. If we don't achieve that it's unlikely we will reach our 2020 target of 15 per cent renewable energy,” he said.
The announcement came six months after the decision by John Hutton, the Business Secretary, to order a strategic environmental assessment to examine how and where 25gw worth of turbines could be positioned in the seas as the third phase of establishing a network of marine wind farms.
Adam Bruce, chairman of the British Wind Energy Association, said that the third round would mean “an environmental revolution in the way we generate our electricity in this country”. He added: “This year the UK will become the world's largest generator of offshore wind energy. We are the global number one.”
Mr Bruce called on other users of the seas to make compromises to facilitate wind farm developments but said that he hoped to work with the MoD over problems in using radar to detect aircraft near turbines.
A spokeswoman for the MoD said: “The MoD is fully committed to government targets for renewable energy and whenever possible we seek to find a mutually acceptable solution on a case-by-case basis. The effects of wind turbines on radar are complex and the MoD has to ensure that national defence interests are not compromised.”
Wind, from land and sea, is expected to overtake the nuclear industry as a source of electricity within a decade and to have increased capacity by 2013 but Mr Bruce said that the two industries would need to work side by side to maintain steady electricity generation. Britain is forecast to overtake Denmark this summer and become the world's biggest generator of electricity from offshore wind.
Richard Lambert, of the CBI, said that the industry would need to invest £60 billion in offshore wind farms alone. He said that it would be difficult for companies to find the money and it would place “a heavy burden on the economy” but he was confident that the industry would rise to the challenge.
Industry leaders welcomed the commitment to expanding offshore wind. Captain Peter Hodgetts, director of SeaRoc, said: “I'm certain that today is going to be a real watershed for our industry. I think we have an extraordinary future.”
Robin Oakley, of Greenpeace, said: “Offshore wind is a 21st-century, frontier technology that can deliver clean electricity to every home in Britain and secure our energy supplies for years to come. Our country could be the Saudi Arabia of offshore wind — and John Hutton knows it.”
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If electricity generation hadn't been privatised we could have a valuable wind turbine industry. As it is the generating companies avoid renewables at all costs despite the knowledge that they are desperately needed. Cheap coal let's burn it is their motto.
Malcolm Scott, Wirral, UK
I have a flagpole in my garden - not to everyone's taste, but it's a bit of fun...
The flag hangs limply at the top of the flagpole for more days than it 'flutters'.... has the 'end to end' cost of wind farms really been thought through?
Rob, Southampton, UK
More terrorist targets with little risk of getting caught. This is an island, so why just wind turbines which are very expensive & made in USA why not tidal generators, not so intrusive & currently made here
Douglas Grenfell, Windsor, England
It seems plainly obvious that we need a good combination of renewable energies as well as more conventional methods such as nuclear. More windfarms are a step in the right direction but I agree that tidal and solar power should also be something we need to take advantage of.
Mark, Bradford, UK
Remember that wind turbine generators are nasty little animals to deal with if you are a grid electricity stability analyst. They have a very "dirty" output waveform; need expensive "reactive power" stabilisers on the network to handle faults; the more you have the higher the risk of black-out!
Acorn, Southampton, UK
What happens when the wind slows or stops?
Are you willing to be in the dark for 20 minutes while the powerstation generators start up and get to operating temperatures?
Or do you expect the them to keep running to pick up the load, immediately, which means that there isn't much fuel being saved
Tony, Vegas, US
If we are going to write about watts and gigawatts and then truncate them, please use the correct SI unit. The prefix is G for giga and the unit is W for watt. Together this gives GW as the correct truncation.
I say this now as I feel we are going to hear a lot about GW's over the next few years.
David, Dubai, UAE
The UK needs to get on with its wind farms, we are lagging behind our potential. This country gives too much voice to neigh-sayers with opinions founded on hear-say and not fact. Yes, wind is unpredicatable, but smart guys at National Grid will determine the solution to balancing demand and supply.
Mike, London, UK
Of course renewables is the way to go. But you are i know it will never get huge because the gov. will not be makeing enough tax from it.........
John, London, uk
lots of country seems to think nuclear power is the way forward but it only a sort term thing there only so much Uranium in the world and are more countrys use it goes up in price.
if we used all the renewable sources eg .solar, wind and tide power would this give us electricity.
chris, Doncaster, uk
Hydrogen is the way to go. Some very clever people are working on the idea of using the wind turbines to produce hydrogen at sea, from the sea, then pipe it ashore as gas, then liquify it into storage, then it is burnt on demand to produce electricity. Solves the no wind problem. Good eh!
Phil, Ashburton, New Zealand
Wind is not as unreliable as is claimed but, yes, there will be variability issues to manage. They are much easier to manage than the issues raised by nuclear. Wind is only one of the family of renewables. We need to use all renewables across the whole of Europe linked together by a HVDC super-grid.
Adam1, London, UK
What is wrong with these Labour politicians. The word Right Decision actually means wrong. Wind turbines are only at best 25% efficient yet undersea turbines placed in Ocean currents are 100% efficient and work 24/7. But can we get these people to listen. Rather blight the landscape.
Jas, Alders, Uk
Now here's a thing, and topical too.
If diesel is around 30% more efficient and much less CO2 polluting, why does the government put additional tax on a litre to make it more expensive than petrol?
When the consevatives were in power the greener diesel was taxed less than petrol. not so now!
wullie, luss, scotland
People should be encouraged by town planning committees to fit photovoltaic solar cells on their roof tiles.
This alone could save some families about 25percent of their
power consumption during day light hours.
In the future more efficient solar cells and batteries must be developed.
Joel Fridjohn, Hod-Hasharon, Israel
Think of those warm summer days where an anticyclone sits over the British Isles and air conditioning is on at full load, precisely because there is not a breath of wind. However many of these wind farms are built, fossil fuel fired power stations will still be needed to provide the energy.
Paul, Coventry,
Why should wind turbines be intrusive? Its a question of getting used to them. Think positive and learn to love them. They are saving our planet. Sails on ships could have been considered as intrusive, once upon a time, only to be eventually romanticised by artists.
keith bentham, Wigan, UK
We are governed by fools and charletons. The radar problem will not go away, but the wind to drive these monstrosities surely will. We need nuclear energy and any more hand wringing and prevarication will play into the hands of the oil barons of this world, none of whom are very fond of the West.
robin biles, gainsborough, lincs
I live on the coast by a small river a new hydro-electric scheme is being built even though, with no rain for 6 weeks up here, the river is virtually dry - yet a million times more water comes in and out of the sea loch twice every day whether it rains or not, whether the wind blows or not ....
David Kirkham, highland, Scotland
Looking at the Lyme Bay proposals I am wondering how well thought through this really is. During storms the bay is used as a shelter by the majority of shipping in the Channel, appearing that you could almost walk from one side to the other across the assembled vessels. Where would this shipping go?
Jamie, Teignmouth, UK
There is a real urgency to reduce carbon intensive generation aswell as the fact that we have several conventional plants due to close over the coming decade. It makes sense to act now and wind is a viable technology. Wave is also important, but it is comparitivley a very fledgling technology.
Sam, Coventry,
What I just don't understand is why there isn't more push for solar installations on roofs. Planning rules may be one factor but these are overwhelming guided by visual impact - how many planning decisions are dictated by the view of the roof? What else are roofs used for? Inert inactive space
John, Knutsford, UK
I would guess it's mainly just a matter of accessibility. We can all do small scale development of our wind & solar ideas in our homes etc. but to do the same with wave power would require having access to an area of suitable shoreline which very few of us have including most commercial entities .
Mickey Finn, London, UK
Why, other than for short-term ease, is this country investing so heavily in wind-power? It is so unreliable and environmentally intrusive. The constant reliability and much greater strength of tidal power must surely make this a much better way of solving the problem.
Richard Stephens, Bromsgrove, UK